RadioglaciologySpringer Science & Business Media, 30 sep. 1985 - 254 sidor Antarctica, the sixth continent, was discovered more than 160 years ago. Since then this large, mysterious continent of ice and penguins has attracted world interest. Scientific expeditions from various countries have begun to study the geographical and natural conditions of the icy continent. Systematic and comprehensive inves tigations in the Antarctic started in the middle of our century. In 1956 the First Soviet Antarctic Expedition headed to the coast of Antarctica. Their program included studies of the atmosphere, hydrosphere and cryosphere. Thirty years have since passed. Scientists have unveiled many secrets of Antarctica: significant geophysical processes have been investigated, and a large body of new information on the Antarctic weather, Southern Ocean hydrology and Antarctic glaciers has been obtained. We can now claim that the horizons of polar geo physics, oceanology, and particularly glaciology, have expanded. Scientific inves tigators have obtained new information about all Antarctic regions and thus have created the opportunity to use the Antarctic in the interests of mankind. |
Innehåll
A BRIEF SURVEY OF THE EARTHS ICE COVER AND METHODS FOR ITS INVESTIGATION | 1 |
12 Impact of let on Geophysical Processes | 6 |
13 The Seismic Method | 7 |
14 Gravitational and Magnetic Methods | 8 |
15 Radar Sounding | 10 |
Chapter 1 | 14 |
STRUCTURE AND PHYSICAL STATE OF GLACIERS | 16 |
22 Stratification and Temperature Regime of Glaciers | 20 |
46 Radars for Ice Movement Measurements | 62 |
48 Equipment of USA Denmark and Great Britain fur Radar Sounding of Cold Glaciers | 64 |
49 Equipment of USA Denmark and Great Britain for Radar Sounding of Temperate Glaciers | 69 |
410 Specialized Equipment | 74 |
Chapter 4 | 76 |
METHODS OF ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING OF DATA | 79 |
SCIENTIFIC RESULTS IN RADIOGLACIOLOGY | 84 |
62 Electromagnetic Wave Speed and its Measurement | 93 |
23 Glacier Regimen | 27 |
Chapter 2 | 31 |
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION IN ICE | 32 |
32 The Electrical Properties of Monocrystalline Ice | 35 |
33 Values of the Electrical Parameters | 37 |
34 Pure Polycrystalline Ice | 39 |
35 Impure Polycrystalline Ice | 40 |
37 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Glaciers | 41 |
Chapter 3 | 47 |
EQUIPMENT FOR RADAR SOUNDING OF GLACIERS | 48 |
42 Estimation of Sounding Accuracy | 52 |
43 Equipment to Measure the thickness of Cold Glaciers | 55 |
44 Equipment to measure the thickness of temperate glaciers | 58 |
45 Radars to Study Internal Structure and State | 59 |
63 Lateral Waves | 116 |
64 Absorption of Electromagnetic Waves | 120 |
65 Polarization Studies | 125 |
66 Ice Thickness and Subglacial Topography | 132 |
67 Subglacial Physiography and Geology | 159 |
69 Movement of Glaciers | 189 |
610 Nature of the Basal Interface | 216 |
611 Detection of Hidden Crevasses | 226 |
612 Estimation of Glacial Water Content | 233 |
Chapter 6 | 241 |
CONCLUSION | 250 |
253 | |
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