A Concise History of the Baltic StatesCambridge University Press, 24 feb. 2011 - 472 sidor The Baltic region is frequently neglected in broader histories of Europe and its international significance can be obscured by separate treatments of the various Baltic states. With this wide-ranging survey, Andrejs Plakans presents the first integrated history of three Baltic peoples - Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians - and draws out the common threads to show how it has been shaped by their location in a strategically desirable corner of Europe. Subordinated in turn by Baltic German landholders, the Polish nobility and gentry, and then by Russian and Soviet administrators, the three nations have nevertheless kept a their distinctive identities - significantly retaining three separate languages in an ethnically diverse region. The book traces the countries' evolution from their ninth-century tribal beginnings to their present status as three thriving and separate nation states, focusing particularly on the region's complex twentieth-century history, which culminated in the eventual re-establishment of national sovereignty after 1991. |
Innehåll
1 The peoples of the eastern Baltic littoral | 1 |
2 The new order 12001500 | 33 |
3 The new order reconfigured 15001710 | 77 |
the littoral and tsarist Russia 17101800 | 125 |
5 Reforming and controlling the Baltic littoral 18001855 | 170 |
6 Five decades of transformations 18551905 | 215 |
7 Statehood in troubled times 19051940 | 266 |
8 The return of empires 19401991 | 336 |
9 Reentering Europe 1991 | 402 |
| 449 | |
| 458 | |
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activists activities administrators areas army Baltic German Baltic provinces Baltic republics became become began Bolshevik central Christian church cities commonwealth Communist Party continued Courland Couronians created crusaders cultural Daugava decades eastern Baltic littoral economic efforts eighteenth century elections elites emancipation émigré empire estate owners Estland Estonian and Latvian Europe European expanded farmstead force Grand Duchy increasingly independence Inflanty institutions internal kind Kurland labor landowners language Latgale Latgalian leaders leadership linguistic Lithuanian lands Lithuanian language Lithuanian territories littoral’s living Livland Livonian Confederation Livonian Order Lutheran military Mindaugas monarch Moscow northern Northern War officials organizations parliament Päts peasantry peasants percent period persons Petersburg government Poland Poland-Lithuania Polish Polish-Lithuanian Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth political population reform region remained residents Riga rural Saeima Semigallians serfs Smetona social socialist Soviet Sweden Swedish Swedish Livonia Tallinn Tartu three Baltic three countries three republics tion tsar Ulmanis urban USSR Vilnius western