A History of the Middle EastPenguin Books, 2004 - 429 sidor Now newly updated, this incisive and illuminating guide is hailed as the best overall survey of the politics, regional rivalries, and economics of the contemporary Arab world (The Washington Post Book World). |
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from Ancient to Modern | 1 |
Islam on the Defensive 1800 | 35 |
Ottoman Rival | 46 |
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Abdul Hamid Abdullah accepted agreement alliance Allies Amir Arab world Arafat armed army Baghdad became Beirut Britain British government Cairo caliphate cent century Christian Cromer Damascus declared defeat dominant eastern economic Egypt Egyptian elections empire's Europe European favour Feisal forces foreign France French Gulf Hejaz Ibn Saud Ibrahim independence Iran Iranian Iraq Iraq's Iraqi Islamic Islamist Israel Israeli Istanbul Jerusalem Jewish Jews jihad Jordan King Kuwait land leaders leadership Lebanese Lebanon liberal London majority Mamluke mandate Middle East military movement Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali's Muslim Nasser nationalist negotiations occupied officers Ottoman Empire Palestine Palestinian Pasha peace Persia political population President prime minister provinces reforms regime region religious remained restored Revolution rule rulers Russia Sadat Saddam Hussein Saudi Arabia secure shah Sharif Shiite Soviet Union Sudan sultan Sunni Syria territory tion treaty troops Turkey Turkish Turks United Wafd West Western Yemen Zionist