Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: History and current policy

action administration Afghanistan allies announces apartheid April Arab League Argentina assets assistance August average Bank Bush China COCOM COMECON companion policies Congress Cuba December destabilization disruption of military dollars economic sanctions embargo European export controls expropriation failure February financial sanctions foreign policy goals France grain impact imports international cooperation Iran Iraq Iraqi January Japan Journal of Commerce July June Korea Kuwait Libya loans major policy changes March measures military adventures Military impairment million Modest policy changes Nicaragua Noriega November nuclear October official outcome Panama Panamanian percent percentage pipeline Poland political President Reagan sanctions contribution sanctions episode Sandinistas scaled sender and target sender country September 1990 significant South Africa South Korea Soviet Union success score target country trade linkage troops Type of sanction United Kingdom USSR Wall Street Journal Washington Post welfare loss estimated Western World York