Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution

aid and support Animal Intelligence animal world ants Ariège artels associations bands barbarians belonging birds birds of prey Brehm Buryates Bushmen cattle century civilization clan communal lands competition comrades continually craft customs Dargun Darwin Dayaks enemies Europe European evidently evolution existence extermination fact fallow deer favour federation feelings fight folkmote forests France Germany Geschichte guilds habits horses human hundred hunting idea illustrations immense individual inhabitants institutions intelligence Kabyles Kovalevsky labour larvæ live London lord Lubbock maintained mankind medieval city mentioned merchants migrations modern mutual aid mutual support natural neighbours nests never numberless organization origin Paris peasants period possession prey primitive principle protection Pskov quarrel remarks rodents Roman rule Russian savage separate Siberia social societies species struggle taken territory tion took towns trade tribal tribe union village community W. H. Hudson whole workers