The Physiology of the Joints: The spinal column, pelvic girdle and head

abdominal allows angle anterior anteriorly arch arises arrow articular facets articular processes atlanto-occipital joint atlas attached axial axis base becomes body bone border capitis cartilage centre cervical spine close column components contains contraction corresponding costal curvature deep dens diagram diaphragm direction disc extension external eyes fibres Figure flexion-extension foramen force functional girdle gliding hand head horizontal increases inferior inferiorly inserted internal intervertebral joint lateral flexion lies ligament lower lumbar lumbar spine lying mechanical medial midline mouth move movements muscles neck nerve nucleus oblique occipital occur opening pelvic plane position posterior posteriorly pressure produced pubic range rectus rest result roots rotation running sacral sacrum seen segment shown shows side slightly space spinal spinous processes stretching structure suboccipital superior surface taken thoracic thoracic spine tion transverse processes trunk upper vertebra vertebral body vertical volume wall