and motion. Sounds are either voices or tones, and these divide music into vocal and instrumental. Vocal sounds, as the elements of music, are simple and compound, long or short, articulate or inarticulate. Tones and instrumental sounds admit of the same division, but are never articulate. Music is divided generally into melody and harmony. The former consists of single sounds following each other in regular succession, called modulation. When they rise to combinations, well proportioned, they constitute harmony. Motion in music admits of as many divisions and subdivisions as sound.

The effect of music on the human frame is truly wonderful, and in its philosophical analysis, it should, I think, be considered as a compound of art and science; which complex view might probably facilitate the knowledge of the rationale of its powers and mode of operation, and help us to ascertain with precision the specific nature of its imitation, which varies in every art, being more immediate or distant, more direct or indirect, according to the different means which they respectively employ.

With these few hints to the student of music, should he think them worth his observation, we conclude this general allusion to this most fascinating art and curious science".

• Consult Du Bos on Poetry, Painting, and Music; Harris's Three Treatises; Avison on Musical Expression, &c. &c. For the theory of harmonics, the reader is referred to Dr. Smith, Rameau, Burney's History of Music, Rousseau's Musical Dictionary, the article Music in the Encyclopædia Britannica, &c. For the ancients, he may consult the collection Antiquæ Musicæ Scriptores, published by Meibomius, 1652; and Ptolemy's Harmonics, edited by Wallis, Oxon, 1682.-Editor.

IN

RECAPITULATION.

N this volume, I have attempted to draw a compendious analytical Chart or graphical delineation of Mathematics, Physics, Metaphysics, Facts, History, Morality, Poetry, and Music, according to the relation which they respectively bear to the three general faculties of the human mind,-the Intellect, the Will, and the Imagination. From their connexion with each other, and the synopsis of the whole, we have endeavoured to form a kind of general scale, by which the truth of each may be compared and graduated.

As a ray of the sun, that sublime and significant emblem of truth, passing through a prism, is divided into a beautiful variety of shades and colours; so that ray of truth, which is shed down from heaven on the human mind, as it passes through these different channels of knowledge, differs in

strength and degree, exhibiting an illustrious specimen of that beauty and variety of appearance and effect, which, in every part of creation, distinguish the works of God.

Upon this philosophical view of man, a question may arise in the minds of someWhy does that truth, which in the Divine Mind is equally clear in all its parts, and which is given by his omniscient will for the guide and conduct of life, shine upon the human, with such different degrees of force?—

Ask of thy mother earth, why oaks are made
Taller and stronger than the weeds they shade?
Or ask of yonder argent fields above,
Why Jove's satellites are less than Jove?—

POPE'S Essay on Man.

As all things were created in the purest goodness, they are appointed in the profoundest wisdom. Whilst the bulk and majesty of the oak may command our immediate notice and admiration, the humble vegetable under its shade, though difficult to be found and despicable to the eye, may possess those superior qualities, which, for food or medicine, may contribute more

essentially to the use and happiness of man. It is enough for the benefit of the receiver or the honour of the giver, that truth is dispensed in that exact proportion, and with those especial qualifications, which are best adapted to our use and happiness; and though man, as he travels along his sublunary way, may be permitted only to see some of its sublimer parts, as through a glass darkly,"—yet if he labours to find it out with diligence and desire, he may still lift up his voice in praise-" Thy truth, most mighty Lord, is on every side!"

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In the execution of the plan proposed, we now proceed to the logical delineation of theologic truth, which will form the subject of the ensuing volume.