CONTENTS Valerie Harper, the Hunger Project........ W. R. Smyser, Acting Director, Bureau of Refugee Programs, Department Martin R. Ganzglass, U.S. Committee for Somali Refugee Relief. Joseph C. Kennedy, director of International Development, Africare...... Frank Moss, Director, Office of Program Budget, Bureau of Refugee Lannon Walker, Acting Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs.... Roy A. Stacy, Acting Assistant Administrator for Africa, AID. SOUTHERN AFRICA: ADMINISTRATION'S VIEWS ON REGIONAL POLICY AND PROGRAMS Wednesday, April 1, 1981-Continued Melvin J. Hill, president, Gulf Oil Exploration and Production Co..... Page 289 294 314 326 THE HORN: THE PROSPECTS FOR REGIONAL CONFLICT and GlobaL CONFRONTATION Thursday, April 2, 1981: Lannon Walker, Acting Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs.... 347 372 David Laitin, professor of political science, University of California at 375 John W. Harbeson, professor of political science, University of Wisconsin-Parkside 390 Kenneth L. Adelman, senior political analyst, SRI International.. 410 430 MARKUP AND RECOMMENDATIONS Monday, April 27, 1981: (Subcommittee markup; no witnesses). 435 APPENDIXES 1. Letter submitted by Franklin H. Williams, president of the Phelps, Stokes 471 474 3. An analysis of the Clark amendment submitted by Ronald W. Walters, Ph. D., professor, political science, Howard University. 497 4. Letter submitted by Marjorie K. Tyler to the Secretary of State concerning her son's incarceration by the Angolan government 5. Critique of the human rights report on Mozambique, submitted by Allen 6. Letters submitted by Gay J. McDougall, director of southern Africa project, 519 520 541 འ HEARINGS ON FOREIGN ASSISTANCE LEGISLATION FOR FISCAL YEAR 1982 Part 1-Full Committee Presidential request Public witnesses Part 2 Subcommittee on International Security and Scientific Affairs Overview of security supporting assistance programs Part 3-Subcommittee on Europe and the Middle East Economic and military aid programs in Europe and the Middle East Part 4-Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade U.S. international energy strategies U.S. international assistance programs: Population, energy, and environ ment U.S. international food assistance policy Trade and development program Part 5-Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs Economic and security assistance in Asia and the Pacific Part 6-Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations State Department country reports on human rights practices Part 7-Subcommittee on Inter-American Affairs The Inter-American Foundation Latin America and the Caribbean International narcotics control for Latin America and Asia Part 8-Subcommittee on Africa Economic and security assistance programs in Africa Part 9-Full Committee Markup (V) RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON AFRICA ON THE FISCAL YEAR 1982 FOREIGN ASSISTANCE LEGISLATION INTRODUCTION The subcommittee-during the course of six hearings-has carefully reviewed the administration's foreign assistance request for fiscal year 1982. In doing so, it has examined these proposals in light of four fundamental concerns: 1. Need for fiscal austerity.-The subcommittee is keenly aware of the difficult economic challenges facing this country and the importance of fiscal restraint. Consequently, the subcommittee has, with the exception of the AID program for assistance to displaced persons and refugees and additional assistance to Morocco, stayed within the administration's budgetary guidelines for Africa. Although the subcommittee has recommended certain shifts in funding for various countries and programs, the sum total of these changes do not exceed the administration's overall funding request for Africa. Even with respect to the additional assistance to displaced persons and refugees, and for Morocco, the subcommittee recommends that these increases be made contingent upon any savings generated by the Foreign Affairs Committee in reducing the worldwide foreign military sales account or the ESF contingency fund in order not to exceed the administration's total foreign assistance request for fiscal year 1982. 2. Africa's increasing economic and political importance.—The subcommittee believes that the United States has major, and increasingly important, economic and political interests on the African continent. Africa supplied nearly 30 percent of U.S. imports of oil in 1980, 13 percent provided by Nigeria and the balance supplied by Algeria, Libya, and Angola. We also obtain more than half of our supplies of such strategic minerals as chromium, manganese, and cobalt from southern Africa. The U.S. exports approximately $6 billion worth of merchandise to Africa annually, primarily capital goods such as machinery, transportation equipment, and chemicals, but also 25 percent of our wheat exports and 10 percent of our rice exports. Such exports are estimated to support 240,000 American jobs. Last year, the U.S. balance-of-payments deficit with Africa was $22 billion, almost entirely on account of oil imports from Nigeria, Algeria, Libya, and Angola. The basic means of offsetting this deficit is export promotion. Politically, African nations comprise a third of all countries in the United Nations, and they constitute an increasingly important bloc in various international organizations and forums. Their importance to U.S. foreign policy interests has been demonstrated recently by their opposition to efforts to expel Israel and Egypt from the World Health Organization, Non-Aligned Movement, and |