(1) should call for an international civil aviation boycott with respect to those countries which the President determines

(A) grant sanctuary from prosecution to any individual or group which has committed an act of international terrorism, or

(B) otherwise support international terrorism; and

(2) should take steps, both bilateral and multilateral, to achieve a total international civil aviation boycott with respect to those countries.

SEC. 556.5 MULTILATERAL AND BILATERAL AGREEMENTS WITH RESPECT TO AIRCRAFT SABOTAGE, AIRCRAFT HIJACKING, AND AIRPORT SECURITY.

The Secretary of State shall seek multilateral and bilateral agreement on strengthening enforcement measures and standards for compliance with respect to aircraft sabotage, aircraft hijacking, and airport security.

SEC. 557. RESEARCH ON AIRPORT SECURITY TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTING EXPLOSIVES.

In order to improve security at international airports, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Transportation from the Airport and Airway Trust Fund (in addition to amounts otherwise available for such purpose) $5,000,000, without fiscal year limitation, to be used for research on and the development of airport security devices or techniques for detecting explosives.

SEC. 558. HIJACKING OF TWA FLIGHT 847 AND OTHER ACTS OF TERRORISM.

The Congress joins with all Americans in celebrating the release of the hostages taken from Trans World Airlines flight 847. It is the sense of the Congress that

(1) purser Uli Derickson, pilot John Testrake, co-pilot Philip Maresca, flight engineer Benjamin Zimmermann, and the rest of the crew of Trans World Airlines flight 847 displayed extraordinary valor and heroism during the hostages' ordeal and therefore should be commended;

(2) the hijackers who murdered United States Navy Petty Officer Stethem should be immediately brought to justice;

(3) all diplomatic means should continue to be employed to obtain the release of the 7 United States citizens previously kidnapped and still held in Lebanon;

(4) acts of international terrorism should be universally condemned; and

(5) the Secretary of State should be supported in his efforts to gain international cooperation to prevent future acts of terrorism.

SEC. 559. EFFECTIVE DATE.

This part shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act.

5 49 U.S.C. app. 1515 note.

d. President's Commission on Aviation Security and Terrorism Executive Order 12686, August 4, 1989, 54 F.R. 32629, August 9, 1989; as amended by Executive Order 12705, March 3, 1990, 55 F.R. 8113

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, and in order to establish a Commission on Aviation Security and Terrorism, it is hereby ordered as follows:

Section 1. Establishment. (a) There is established the President's Commission on Aviation Security and Terrorism to review and evaluate policy options in connection with aviation security, with particular reference to the destruction on December 21, 1988, of Pan American World Airways Flight 103. The Commission shall consist of seven members appointed by the President. Two members shall be Senators, and two shall be Members of the House of Representatives; they shall represent both parties equally. The President shall consult with the Majority and Republican Leaders of the Senate and the Speaker and Minority Leader of the House of Representatives in making appointments from the Senate and House of Representatives, respectively.

(b) The President shall designate a Chairman from among the members of the Commission.

Sec. 2. Functions. (a) The Commission shall conduct a comprehensive study and appraisal of practices and policy options with respect to preventing terrorist acts involving aviation. In conducting this effort, the Commission shall evaluate the adequacy of existing procedures for aviation security, compliance therewith, and enforcement thereof. The Commission also shall review options for handling terrorist threats, including prior notification to the public. Further, the Commission shall investigate practices, policies, and laws with respect to the treatment of families of victims of terrorist acts.

(b) No later than May 15, 1990, the Commission shall submit a report to the President, which shall be classified if necessary, containing findings and recommendations.1 If the Commission's report is classified, an unclassified version shall be prepared for public distribution.

Sec. 3. Administration. (a) To the extent permitted by law and fully protecting intelligence sources and methods and the ongoing investigations into the destruction of Pan American World Airways Flight 103 of December 21, 1988, the heads of executive departments, agencies, and independent instrumentalities shall provide

1 Executive Order 12705 (55 F.R. 8113; March 3, 1990) amended the first sentence, which formerly read as follows: "Within 6 months of the date of this order, the Commission shall submit a report to the President, which shall be classified if necessary, containing findings and recommendations.".

the Commission, upon request, with such information as it may require for purposes of carrying out its functions.

(b) Members of the Commission appointed from among private citizens may receive compensation for their work on the Commission at the daily rate specified for GS of the General Schedule. While engaged in the work of the Commission, members appointed from among private citizens of the United States may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by law for persons serving intermittently in the Government service (5 U.S.C. 5701-5707).

(c) To the extent possible by law and subject to the availability of appropriations, the Department of Transportation shall, among other Administrative functions, provide the Commission with administrative services, funds, facilities, staff, and other support services necessary for the performance of its functions, and the Secretary of Transportation shall perform the functions of the President under the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. App. 2), except that of reporting to the Congress, in accordance with the guidelines and procedures established by the Administrator of General Services.

(d) The Commission shall adhere to the requirements set forth in the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended. All executive branch officials assigned duties by the Federal Advisory Committee Act shall comply with its requirements with respect to this Commission.

Sec. 4. General Provision. The Commission shall terminate 30 days after submitting its report to the President.

2. International Cooperation in Scientific Research

a. National Science Foundation Act of 1950, as amended

Partial text of Public Law 81-507 [S. 247], 64 Stat. 154, approved May 10, 1950; as amended by Public Law 86-232 [H.R. 8284], 73 Stat. 468, approved September 8, 1959; and by Public Law 90-407 [H.R. 5404], 82 Stat. 365, approved July 18, 1968

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND COORDINATION WITH FOREIGN POLICY

Sec. 13. (a) The Foundation is hereby authorized to cooperate in any international scientific research activities consistent with the purposes of this Act and to expand for such international scientific research activities such sums within the limit of appropriated funds as the Foundation may deem desirable. The Director, with the approval of the Board, may defray the expenses of representatives of Government agencies and other organizations and of individual scientists to accredited international scientific congresses and meetings whenever he deems it necessary in the promotion of the objectives of this Act.

(b)(1) The authority to enter into contracts or other arrangements with organizations or individuals in foreign countries and with agencies of foreign countries, as provided in section 11(c), and the authority to cooperate in international scientific research activities as provided in subsection (a) of this section, shall be exercised only with the approval of the Secretary of State, to the end that such authority shall be exercised in such manner as is consistent with the foreign policy objectives of the United States.

(2) If, in the exercise of the authority referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection, negotiation with foreign countries or agencies thereof becomes necessary, such negotiation shall be carried on by the Secretary of State in consultation with the Director.2

142 U.S.C. 1872.

2 Subsec. (a) of Public Law 86-232 (73 Stat. 468) authorized the Foundation, with approval of the Secretary of State, to cooperate in scientific activities rather than scientific research activities, and to grant fellowships or make other arrangements with foreign nationals for scientific study or scientific work in the United States. Subsec. (b)(1) of that Act deleted "research" from the phrase "scientific research activities".

Subsec. (a) of Public Law 90-407 (82 Stat. 365) struck out “, with the approval of the Board," following "The Director" (see 42 U.S.C. 1872).

b. National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958

Partial text of Public Law 85-568 [H.R. 12575], 72 Stat. 426, approved July 29, 1958; as amended by Public Law 94-39 [National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act, 1976; H.R. 4700], 89 Stat. 218, approved June 19, 1975

AN ACT To provide for research into problems of flight within and outside the Earth's atmosphere, and for other purposes.

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

SEC. 205.1 The Administration, under the foreign policy guidance of the President, may engage in a program of international cooperation in work done pursuant to this Act, and in the peaceful application of the results thereof, pursuant to agreements made by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.

*

TITLE IV—UPPER ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH 2

PURPOSE AND POLICY

SEC. 401.3 (a) The purpose of this title is to authorize and direct the Administration to develop and carry out a comprehensive program of research, technology, and monitoring of the phenomena of the upper atmosphere so as to provide for an understanding of and to maintain the chemical and physical integrity of the Earth's upper atmosphere.

(b) The Congress declares that it is the policy of the United States to undertake an immediate and appropriate research, technology, and monitoring program that will provide for understanding the physics and chemistry of the Earth's upper atmosphere.

DEFINITIONS

SEC. 402.4 For the purpose of this title the term "upper atmosphere" means that portion of the Earth's sensible atmosphere above the troposphere.

PROGRAM AUTHORIZED

SEC. 403.5 (a) In order to carry out the purposes of this title the Administration in cooperation with other Federal agencies, shall

1 42 U.S.C. 2475.

2 Title IV was added by sec. 8 of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act, 1976 (Public Law 94-39; 89 Stat. 222).

3 42 U.S.C. 2481.

+ 42 U.S.C. 2482.

5 42 U.S.C. 2483.