leave to return to the Persian tetrastic, where the Professor in his translation converts gard, a substantive noun, signifying a body, the globe, &c. and the nominative of this chief verb in the first distich of it, into gard, a preposition, signifying about, round; and instead of it makes e mard, signifying a man, the nominative of this verb; and gives this verb in its compound tense, namely, signifying, “it were turned upside down,” the signification of "compelled to wander !"-thus absurdly setting his resolute man a wandering round the world like the heavens; and then comparing him to the phoenix, as remaining unmoved in the midst of storms! whereas nothing can more strongly express steadiness and firmness, than the two words of the Persian text, namely gardi-zamin, or the body of the earth, which, according to the Ptolemaic scheme of astronomy, the modern Persians consider as the center of our planetary system; an opinion which their Saracen conquerors forced upon them with the Mohammedan religion; for the ancient Pārsēs recognised the sun as such, long before Pythagoras or Copernicus thought of him. This series of grammatical blunders Munsif not only sanctions, by making them also an article of recrimination upon Gulchin, but he must add to them by deliberately taking, from the margin of some Persian Mss. of the text, the word tufang, a provincial barbarism, where it had been written to explain the proper word tofak; and in this farther instance of his ignorance offers tofang as a rhyme with falak! تفنگ Convicted of such transgressions against all the rules of speaking and writing the Persian language correctly, the most hardened sinner would be expected to shrink from the contest: but not so Munsif; for, making light of these charges, he rallies with a new subject; and in his rejoinder in the Asiatic Journal of February, gives me an opportunity of proving him as ignorant of prosody, as he is of rhyme and grammar. For this purpose I must refer the reader to the fourth hemistich of the tetrastic, on which I had observed in my reply of January," that all our copies had omitted the preposition az, signifying from, and so necessary to the measure, as well as to the sense." To this Munsif in his February rejoinder replies, that az is not necessary; for the word dom, in its omission, becomes the governing noun, and must consequently have the izafat, or sign of the genitive case, after it; which is as much as to say, that this example of classical Persian poetry, quoted in the Anwari Sohaili from Ibn Yamin, a poet of the first rank, and which unlike the Greek and Latin, and all our languages of Europe ancient or modern, has nothing anomalous in its quantity and accent, or uncertain in its rhyme, could admit of the short syllable of an izafal, to sup حم ply the place of the long syllable az! Indeed so precise in this respect is Persian poetry, that it is not in quantity and accent alone, but every moveable and quiescent letter in one line of it, must have a corresponding moveable and quiescent letter in the next; accordingly the corresponding az of the first line, the ham of the second, and the rud of the third of this tetrastic, are all long syllables; and each of the four consists of two represented letters, the first being moveable and the last quiescent and it is hence another singular advantage of Persian poetry, that the eye is as good a guide as the ear in detecting false measures: and it is the same with its rhymes in the converse, which must not only sound correct to the ear, but also appear so to the eye. It remains for me to give the ordo verborum of the first distich, as follows: il or demonstrative pronoun prefixed to , the contraction of, and both together signifying قدم,mardi, a man مرد ,that is ,of a firm step, kih, toho ثابت قدم or the third person singular of the aorist of raftan, to go, with the negative nah prefixed to it, and signifying-will not go, jaz, from, ↳ jā, the place: notwithstanding, ور gardi zamin,-the globe of the earth: کشت pound phrase signifying sar, the head, and whirled round, or were its head turned upside down, : the sky فلك si fractus illabatur orbis, Impavidum ferient ruinæ. کرد زمین a com might be like, So regular and simple as it is in its rules of grammar, and consequently so easy of acquisition, and abounding with beautiful specimens of ingenious and classical works in prose as well as verse; and being the sole government language of business, to which it is superiorly adapted, in all the departments of our great Eastern empire, it has often surprised me, that the study of the Persian language has not been more cultivated by our learned men of Oxford and Cambridge. For my part, I have volunteered my frequent services as a gratuitous tutor, and have lately had several young gentlemen, previous to their entrance at Hayleybury and Addiscombe colleges, to take lessons in it; and have, in the course of six or seven mornings, instructed them to write, read, translate, and parse three or four apologues and stories from the Gulistan! During the last two centuries Oxford and Cambridge have abounded with superior scholars in Arabic, and I have often read and compared, with pleasure and satisfaction, the translations of a Richardson and Carlisle; consequently it would be paying them a poor compliment to enter so much into detail of my examples from that dialect. The first example of a pure Arabic clause, which occurs in Professor Stewart's translation of the 7th chapter of the Anwari Sohaili, is too easy for any Tyro to mistake it; therefore I shall proceed with the secoud; which is as follows: - which the Professor has translated و افوض امري الى الله Consign (thou) the affair to the Almighty:"-and has thus rendered the first person of the aorist, or future, into the second person of the imperative; has overlooked the conjunction, waw; and, what was still more necessary, has omitted to give any English for the possessive and affixed pronouns yiā, signifying my! whereas the English of this Arabic clause ought to be;" and my affair let me relinquish or cousign into the hands of the Deity:" as thus,, and, the personal, and here possessive pronoun, as an affix to its noun amr, signifying my, affair; let me, or I will, consign; Munto, or into the hands of; & the Deity or God! Before I conclude, I may notice, that in his February rejoinder of the A. J., Munsif, in his farther hypercriticism of Gulchin, is driven to that opprobrium of his fellow professors, namely of Oriental scholars still being in want of a fixed and authorised orthography of the Persian and Arabic, when represented in the English character; and charges him with eleven fresh errors on this head but here he is again equally and uniformly unfortunate, as I shall prove by quoting two of them, and those very common Persian words: and every one of my imputed errors might be thus made a recharge upon themselves! 1. Jihan, as occurring in the word Farhangi Jihāngīrī, the name of that dictionary of pure Persian words, which, conformably with Sir W. Jones's memorandum of Desiderata in the Persian language, I make the basis of my projected dictionary: and this Munsif insists on being properly spelled Jahān; whereas the Kashf-al-loghat, one of our best native dictionaries, specifically states, that the Jim of this word, when signifying the world, universe, and its sense in the compound word Jihān-gir, signifying world-conquering, and seizing, is accented with a kas'r: whereas the Jim of this same word, but signifying wealth, riches, is accented with a fat'h, and then spelled Jahan! 2. firdiws, which the Barhāni Cătai, another respectable native authority, specifies as accented, "the first and third syllable with a kas'r, and the second syllable quiescent;"-hence Firdiwsi, and not Firdausi, as Munsif ignorantly insists I should have spelled it, being the title and signifying celestial, which Sultan Mahmud Ghaznowi conferred upon the great Persian epic poet, and the author of the Shahnamah! I beg leave moreover to add, that conformably with common usage, to which the most fastidious find it wise occasionally to concede, I used myself to spell this word Firdausi, that is again accenting the third syllable with a fut'h instead of a kas'r, till I stood corrected by all the best native authorities; but as spelling it Firdiwsi might have rather an uncouth and pedantic appearance, after the common reader had been so long accustomed to the vulgar reading, I judged it best to follow the Persian custom of leaving to the scholar to supply the short vowel, and spelt it Firdōsī! I quote these two dictionaries, as they alone go in detail upon the accent of the above specified two words. But it would be intruding too much upon your valuable pages, to specify any more of Munsif's and the Professor's errors; let me therefore for the present subscribe myself February, 1822. GULCHIN. 122 PLATO, HORATIUS, ET ALCÆUS, EMENDAΤΙ. PHILOSOPHI verba sunt in Phædr. p. 267. Ald. haud longe ab initio : νὴ τὴν "Ηραν καλή γε ἡ καταγωγή ἥ τε γὰρ πλάτανος αὕτη μάλα ἀμφιλαφής τε καὶ ὑψηλή· τοῦ τε ἄγνου τὸ ὕψος καὶ τὸ σύσκιον πάγ καλον καὶ ὡς ἀκμὴν ἔχει τῆς ἄνθης ὡς ἂν εὐωδέστατον παρέχοι τον τόπον· ἥ γε αὖ πηγὴ χαριεστάτη ὑπὸ τῆς πλατάνου ῥεῖ μάλα ψυχρού ὕδατος, ὡς γε τῷ ποδὶ τεκμήρασθαι· Νυμφῶν δέ τινων καὶ ̓Αχελώου ἱερὸν ἀπὸ τῶν κορῶν τε καὶ ἀγαλμάτων ἔοικεν εἶναι· εἰ δ ̓ αὖ βούλει τὸ εὔπνουν τοῦ τόπου, ὡς ἀγαπητόν τε καὶ σφόδρα ἡδύ· θερινόν τε καὶ λιγυρὸν ὑπηχεῖ τῷ τῶν τεττίγων χορῷ. Hæc verba, inquit Ruhnken. ad Timæum V. ̓Αμφιλαφές, imitando sua fecit Aristænet. 1. 3. ἔνθα πλάτανος μὲν ἀμφιλαφής τε καὶ σύσκιος - max ὡς ἂν εὐωδέστατον παρέχοι τὸν ἐράσμιον τόπον dein ἡ δὲ πηγὴ χαριεστάτη ὑπὸ τῇ πλατάνω ῥεῖ ὕδατος εὖ μάλα ψυ χροῦ, ὡς γε τῷ ποδὶ τεκμήρασθαι· — denique τὸ εὔπνουν τῆς αὔρας λιγυρὸν ὑπηχεῖ τῷ μουσικῷ τῶν τεττίγων χορῷ. - Mihi vero inter Philosophi verba parum arridet vos post ὑψηλή. Vocem tamen utramque agnoscit Suid. V. "Αγνος necnon Eustath. 'Οδ. 1. p. 367, 49. Mox πάγκαλον ita nude positum Platona dedecet. Dein av παρέχοι vix satis bene cum sententia convenit. Deinde xop v ambiguum est; non enim puellæ ibi tum aderant; neque κορῶν pro κοροκοσμίων, uti voluit Ruhnken. ad Tim. V. Κοροπλάθοι. hic intelligi potest. Dein abundat τὸ εὔπνουν τοῦ τόπου propter εὐωδέστατον — τόπον. Deinde ἀγαπητὸν vix et ne vix quidem de loco dici potest, Postremo θερινὸν — ὑπηχεῖ intelligi nequit. Malim igitur totum locum ita legere, ἥ τε γὰρ πλάτανος αὕτη μάλα ἀμφιλαφής τε καὶ ὑψηλὴ, τοῦ τε ἄγνου τὸ ὑφαντικὸν ποιεῖ τὸ σύσκιον ὑπ ̓ ἀγκαλῶν, τό τε εὔπνουν, ὡς ἅμ ̓ ἀκμὴν ἔχει τῆς ἄνθης, ὡς ἅμ ̓ εὐωδέστατον παρέχει τὸν τόπον· Νυμφῶν δέ τινων καὶ ̓Αχελώου ἱερὸν ἀπὸ τῶν κρουνῶν τε καὶ ἀγαλμάτων ἔοικεν εἶναι ἥδε γὰρ πήγη χαριεστάτη ὑπὸ τῆς πλατάνου ῥεῖ μάλα ψυχροῦ ὕδατος, ὡς γε τῷ ποδὶ τεκμήρασθαι· εἰ δ ̓ αὖ βούλει τι τοῦ ποτοῦ, ὡς |