SEC. 355. CHINA'S ILLEGAL CONTROL OF TIBET.

It is the sense of the Congress that—

(1) Tibet, including those areas incorporated into the Chinese provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and Quinghai, is an occupied country under the established principles of international law;

(2) Tibet's true representatives are the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan Government in exile as recognized by the Tibetan people;

(3) Tibet has maintained throughout its history a distinctive and sovereign national, cultural, and religious identity separate from that of China and, except during periods of illegal Chinese occupation, has maintained a separate and sovereign political and territorial identity;

(4) historical evidence of this separate identity may be found in Chinese archival documents and traditional dynastic histories, in United States recognition of Tibetan neutrality during World War II, and in the fact that a number of countries including the United States, Mongolia, Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal, India, Japan, Great Britain, and Russia recognized Tibet as an independent nation or dealt with Tibet independently of any Chinese government;

(5) in 1949-1950, China launched an armed invasion of Tibet in contravention of international law;

(6) it is the policy of the United States to oppose aggression and other illegal uses of force by one country against the sovereignty of another as a manner of acquiring territory, and to condemn violations of international law, including the illegal occupation of one country by another; and

(7) numerous United States declarations since the Chinese invasion have recognized Tibet's right to self-determination and the illegality of China's occupation of Tibet.

SEC. 356. RELEASE OF PRISONERS HELD IN IRAQ.

(a) SENSE OF CONGRESS.-It is the sense of the Congress that(1) in addition to other requirements of law, the President should not lift United States economic sanctions currently in place against the Iraqi government, and should continue to make every effort to ensure the multinational coalition maintains the full range of economic sanctions as embodied in the appropriate United Nations Security Council resolutions; and (2) such sanctions should remain in effect until the Iraqi government has released all individuals held prisoner and has accounted as fully as possible for all those missing as a result of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, including those Kuwaiti citizens and other Kuwaiti residents captured or detained by Iraq. (b) REPORT TO CONGRESS.-The Secretary of State shall—

(1) continue to consult with the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) on the status of a detailed list of all Kuwaiti citizens and other residents of Kuwait believed to have been captured or detained by the government of Iraq; and

(2) to the extent such information is available, submit a report on the steps which have been taken and planned actions to effect the release of remaining prisoners held by Iraq to the

appropriate committees of the Congress not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(c) DEFINITION.-For the purposes of this section the term "appropriate committees of the Congress" means the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.

SEC. 357. POLICY TOWARD HONG KONG.

It is the sense of the Congress that the United States should encourage the Government of the United Kingdom to provide the people of Hong Kong all possible civil liberties, including popular election of the territory's Legislative Council, so that it will bequeath a fully functioning, self-governing democracy to China in 1997.

SEC. 358. POLICY TOWARD TAIWAN.

It is the sense of Congress that

(1) Taiwan's economic dynamism is a tribute to the success of the postwar United States assistance program and to Taiwan's commitment to an international system of free trade;

(2) Taiwan's economic growth has made it in recent years an indispensable part of regional and international networks of trade, investment, and finance; and

(3) the United States should support Taiwan's interest in playing a role in international and regional economic organizations.

SEC. 359. HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES IN EAST TIMOR.

(a) FINDINGS.-The Congress finds that—

(1) many tens of thousands out of a population of nearly 700,000 perished in the former Portuguese colony of East Timor between 1975 and 1980, as a result of war-related killings, famine, and disease following the invasion of that territory by Indonesia;

(2) Amnesty International and other international human rights organizations continue to report evidence in East Timor of human rights violations, including torture, arbitrary arrest, and repression of freedom of expression;

(3) serious medical, nutritional, and humanitarian problems persist in East Timor;

(4) a state of intermittent conflict continues to exist in East Timor; and

(5) the Governments of Portugal and Indonesia have conducted discussions since 1982 under the auspices of the United Nations to find an internationally acceptable solution to the East Timor conflict.

(b) STATEMENT OF POLICY.-It is the sense of the Congress that— (1) the President should urge the Government of Indonesia to take action to end all forms of human rights violations in East Timor and to permit full freedom of expression in East Timor; (2) the President should encourage the Government of Indonesia to facilitate the work of international human rights organizations and other groups seeking to monitor human rights conditions in East Timor and to continue and expand coopera

tion with international humanitarian relief and development organizations seeking to work in East Timor; and

(3) the Administration should encourage the Secretary General of the United Nations and the governments of Indonesia, Portugal, and other involved parties, to arrive at an internationally acceptable solution which addresses the underlying causes of the conflict in East Timor.

SEC. 360. SUPPORT FOR NEW DEMOCRACIES.
It is the policy of the United States-

(1) to support democratization within the Soviet Union and support self-determination, observer and other appropriate status in international organizations, particularly the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) and independence for all republic-level governments which seek such status;

(2) to shape its foreign assistance and other programs to support those republics that pursue a democratic and market-oriented course of development, and demonstrate a commitment to abide by the rule of law;

(3) to strongly support peaceful resolution of conflicts within the Soviet Union and between the central Soviet government and Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia and republic-level governments;

(4) to condemn the actual and threatened use of martial law, pogroms, military occupation, blockades, and other uses of force which have been used to suppress democracy and self-determination; and

(5) to view the threatened and actual use of force to suppress the self-determination of republic-level governments and Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia as an obstacle to fully normalized United States-Soviet relations.

SEC. 361. POLICY REGARDING UNITED STATES ASSISTANCE TO THE SOVIET UNION AND YUGOSLAVIA.

(a) CONGRESSIONAL STATEMENT.-An essential purpose of United States foreign assistance is to foster the development of democratic institutions and free enterprise systems. Stable economic growth, fostered by free enterprise and free trade, is also important to the development of democratic institutions.

(b) DECLARATION OF UNITED STATES POLICY.-It is the policy of the United States, to the extent feasible and consistent with United States national interest, that

(1) assistance to the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, including their successor entities or any constituent part, shall be conditioned on significant steps toward political pluralism based on a democratic multi-party political system, economic reform based on a market-oriented economy, respect for internationally recognized human rights and a willingness to build a friendly relationship with the United States; and

(2) expanded trade with the republics in the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia or their successor entities should be encouraged.

SEC. 362. POLICY TOWARD THE RELEASE OF POLITICAL PRISONERS BY SOUTH AFRICA.

It is the sense of the Congress that

(1) the President and the Secretary of State should pursue, through diplomatic actions with the South African Government, the release of all political prisoners and the resolution of controversy about who is eligible for release as a political prisoner;

(2) not less than 90 days after enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives a report documenting the progress which has been made concerning the release of all political prisoners in South Africa; and

(3) satisfactory resolution between the South African government and the African National Congress of the issue of the release of political prisoners is essential to the continued progress toward the establishment of a nonracial democracy in South Africa.

SEC. 363. UNITED STATES TACTICAL NUCLEAR WEAPONS DESIGNED FOR DEPLOYMENT IN EUROPE.

(a) FINDINGS.-The Congress finds that

(1) the Warsaw Pact military alliance no longer exists;

(2) the Soviet Union's capability to pose a military threat to European security has retreated radically; and

(3) in light of the retreating Soviet threat, West European electorates are unlikely to approve the deployment of new United States tactical nuclear weapons on European soil.

(b) POLICY.-It is the sense of the Congress that the United States Government should not proceed with the research or development of any tactical nuclear system designed solely for deployment in Europe unless and until the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization has officially announced how, when, and where such tactical nuclear systems will be deployed.

SEC. 364. UNITED STATES SUPPORT FOR UNCED.

(a) FINDINGS.-The Congress finds that

(1) the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (hereinafter in this section referred to as "UNCED") is scheduled to meet in June 1992 in Rio de Janiero, Brazil; and

(2) UNCED affords a major opportunity to shape international environmental policy as an underpinning of sustainable development for well into the next century.

(b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.-It is the sense of the Congress that

(1) the United States should seek to integrate environmental principles and considerations into all spheres of international economic activity;

(2) the President should accord the UNCED process highlevel attention and priority within the executive branch;

(3) the United States should exercise a leadership role in preparations for the June 1992 meeting of the UNCED;

(4) the United States should carefully consider what it hopes to achieve through the UNCED and how United States nation

al security interests may best be advanced in deliberations in that conference;

(5) the United States should seek ways to forge a global partnership and international cooperation among developing and industrialized nations on behalf of environmentally sound economic development;

(6) the United States should actively pursue creative approaches to the spectrum of UNCED issues which the conference will address, and in particular seek innovative solutions to the key cross-sectorial issues of technology transfer and financial resources;

(7) the United States should consider how best to strengthen international legal and institutional mechanisms to effectively address the range of UNCED issues beyond the 1992 Conference and into the next century;

(8) the United States should promote broad international participation in the UNCED process at all levels, from grass roots to national;

(9) the Agency for International Development should assume an appropriate role in the preparations for the June 1992 meeting of the UNCED, in view of the mandate and expertise of that agency regarding the twin conference themes of international environment and development; and

(10) the executive branch should consider funding for appropriate activities related to the UNCED in amounts which are commensurate with United States responsibilities in the world, as such funds can engender good will and further our national interests and objectives in the UNCED process.

TITLE IV-ARMS TRANSFERS RESTRAINT POLICY FOR THE MIDDLE EAST AND PERSIAN GULF REGION 55

SEC. 401. FINDINGS.

The Congress finds that

(1) nations in the Middle East and Persian Gulf region, which accounted for over 40 percent of the international trade in weapons and related equipment and services during the decade of the 1980's, are the principal market for the worldwide arms trade;

(2) regional instability, large financial resources, and the desire of arms-supplying governments to gain influence in the Middle East and Persian Gulf region, contribute to a regional arms race;

(3) the continued proliferation of weapons and related equipment and services contribute further to a regional arms race in the Middle East and Persian Gulf region that is politically, economically, and militarily destabilizing;

(4) the continued proliferation of unconventional weapons, including nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, as well as delivery systems associated with those weapons, poses an urgent threat to security and stability in the Middle East and Persian Gulf region;

55 22 U.S.C. 2778 note.