tageous. It takes its name from a principal benefactor, the Earl of Dartmouth.

Of the Government of New-Hampshire. The constitution lodges the power of making laws in a General Court, consisting of a senate and a house of representatives, the concurrence of which is necessary to a law. The senate consists of thirteen persons, chosen in certain districts by the freemen or electors. To qualify a man for a senator he must be possessed of a freehold of the value of six hundred and sixty seven dollars, he must be thirty years of age, an inhabitant of the district for which he is chosen, and must have been an inhabitant of the state for seven years preceding.

Of the Representatives. Every town containing one hundred and fifty rateable males, of twenty one years of age, may send a deputy to the general court. Three hundred additional rateable males entitle a town to an additional representative. A representative must have estate in the district to the value of three hundred and thirty four dollars, one half of which must be freehold. He must have been two years an inhabitant of the state, and when chosen, must be an inhabitant of the town or district for which he is elected.

Of the Electors. All the male inhabitants in the state of twenty-one years old and upwards, excepting and excused from paying taxes at their paupers persons own request, have a right to vote for seuators and representatives. If the electors do not give a majority of votes to any one person for senator, the two houses of the legislature, by joint ballot, elect one of the two who have the greatest number of votes.

Of the Executive Power. The supreme executive power is vested in a governor, chosen annually in March by the electors; but if no person has a major ity of votes, the two houses elect one of the two, who have the highest number. To be a qualified candidate for governor, a man must have been an inhabitant of the state seven years; he must be thirty years of age, and possess an estate of the value of sixteen hundred and sixty-seven dollars, one half of which must be freehold.

f the Council. To assist and advise the governor in his office, a council is instituted, consisting of five. members, one in each county, annually chosen. by the electors; and in case no choice is made by the people, the defect is supplied by the two houses from the two persons who have the highest number of votes. The qualifications of a councillor, are the same as for governor, except that a councillor must have real estate to the amount of a thousand dollars only.

governor;

Of the Powers of the Executive. All bills which pass the two houses must be presented to the if he signs them, they become laws: if not he returns them, with his objections-if they are then passed by two thirds of the members of both houses, they become Isws; otherwise, they do not. The governor and council appoint the judges of courts, sheriffs, registers of probate and the attorney general. The governor and council have a negative on each other.

Of the Powers of the Governor The governor is commander in chief of the army, navy and militia, and has power to pardon offences after conviction, except in cases of impeachment. He can prorogue the general court in its recess, for a time not exceeding seven months, and during the session, he can adjourn or prorogue it, at the request of the two houses He can also summon the general court on special occasions. In case of the death or absence of the governor, the president of the senate administers the government, till the next election shall supply the vacancy, there being lieutenant governor.

до

Of the Militia. The militia of New-Hampshire consists of all able bodied men, from sixteen to forty years of age, with the exception of civil officers, clergymen, quakers, instructors and students in seminaries of learning, physicians and surgeons, ship masters, ferrymen, millers and a few others The regiments are twenty seven, and the effective men, about thirty thousand. The field officers are appointed by the governor and council, the captains and subalterns are nominated by the field officers, and appointed by the governor; the non-commissioned officers, by the captains and subalterns. VOL. M. I

Of the Secretary and other Officers. The secretary of the state, treasurer, and commissary-general, are chosen by joint ballot of the senate and representa tives. The county treasurers, and registers of deeds are chosen by the freemen of the respective counties. The judges of Courts hold their offices during good behaviour, except that they cannot remain in office after seventy years of age.

Of the Religious Denominations. The chief part of the inhabitants are congregationalists, episcopalians, presbyterians, baptists, and quakers; of which the first are the most numerous. In Portsmouth is also a society of universalists, and another of sandemanians. All persuasions and modes of worship are protected by law, without preference. The congregation elect and mamtain their own ministers, and no person can be compelled to contribute to the support of those of another denomination.

of Taxation. Taxes are laid upon polls and property, the several species of which are rated at a certain value fixed by law. In April annually, an invoice of the polls and rateable property of each town is taken by persons appointed for the purpose, and taxes are laid upon each town in poroportion to the amount of this invoice, and upon each man according to his part of it.

Of the Authority of Towns. Every town is a corporation, empowered to choose its officers, make regulations and lay taxes for the support of ministers, schools, bridges, highways and the poor. The general concerns of the town are under the direction of certain persons chosen for the purpose and called Selectmen.

VERMONT.

Of the Situation of Vermont. The state of Vermont lies on the west side of the Connecticut, between forty-two degrees, forty-four minutes, and forty-five degrees of north latitude: and between seventy-one degrees, thirty-two minutes, and seventy-three degrees, twenty-five minutes, of west longitude.

Of the Bounds The east limit of Vermont is the western side of the Connecticut-the south boundary is

the north line of Massachusetts-the west line divides Pownal, Bennington and some other towns from NewYork; then runs down Poultney river to East Bay, then along the middle of that bay, and lake Champlain to Canada, which begins in the forty-fifth degree of latitude-and that degree constitutes the north boundary.

Of the Extent. The length of Vermont from north to south, is one hundred and fifty-seven miles; the breadth on the south, is forty-one miles, and on the north, ninety miles, the mean or average breadth being about sixty-five miles. The contents of the state are nearly ten thousand two hundred and thirty-seven square-miles; or six millions and a half of acres. It is probable that water covers about one hundred and sixty thousand acres.

Of the natural Division of the State. The state of Vermont is divided by a range of mountains running nearly north and south, called from their appearance, green mountains, from which the state takes its name. The base of these elevations is about fifteen miles in breadth; and they are intersected, in many places with valleys.

Of the Rivers in the Western part of the State. The principal streams in Vermont, are Onion River, or Winoosky, which runs north-westerly seventy-five miles, and after washing a fertile country, enters the lake near Burlington.-Otter Creek, which waters the western district of the state for ninety miles, and falls into the lake at Ferrisburg-the Lamoil, a fine smooth stream of seventy-five miles in length, which falls into the lake five miles north of Onion River, the Missisko, of the same size, which winds across the north line of the state, and falls into the lake in Highgate.

Of the Rivers in the Eastern part of the State. West river rises near the head of Otter Creek in Bromley, and running south-east about thirty-seven miles, enters the Connecticut at Brattleborough. White river, after a course of fifty miles, falls into the Connecticut at Hartford.--Posoomsuck, rises in a pond in Westmore, and after a course of forty-five miles, enters the Connecticut in Barnet. The Connecticut which washes the

whole eastern side of Vermont, is one of the finest rivers in the eastern states.

Of the Lakes. The lake Champlain washes a large part of the western side of Vermont, furnishing navigable water into Canada. Memfremagog, on the north line of Vermont is about forty miles in length and two or three in breadth. It is chiefly within the limits of Canada and communicates with the St. Lawrence by the river St. Francis.

Of the Counties. Vermont is divided into eleven Counties-On the west, Bennington, Rutland, Addison, Chittenden. On the north, Franklin and Orleans; and on the Connecticut, Windham, Windsor, Orange, Caledonia, and Essex. The state is further divided into townships, of which there are two hundred and fifty. Of the Population. In the year 1771, the inhabitants of Vermont amounted to about seven thousand. In 1792 a census was taken and the number exceeded eighty-five thousand. In the year 1800, the number had increased to one hundred and fifty-four thousand, The people are mostly emigrants from the other NewEngland States or their descendants; the largest portion of them from Connecticnt.

Of the Chief Town's. Bennington, a shire town of the county, on the south-western part of the state, and settled in 1764, is the oldest town. It is finely situated upon elevated ground, contains many handsome private buildings, a church, state-honse, and jail, and in 1800, two thousand two hundred and fifty inhabitants. It is about forty miles north-east of Albany, and celebrated for a victory over the British troops in August 1777.

Of Manchester. Manchester, a shire town also in Bennington county, is situated pleasantly on elevated ground, twenty-two miles north of Bennington. It contains a number of handsome buildings, and in 18004 fourteen hundred inhabitants.

of Rutland. Rutland, the shire town of Rutland county, and one of the seats of government, lies on Otter Creek, fifty-seven miles north of Bennington. It contains a church, a state-house, and in 1800, two thou sand one hundred and thirty inhabitants.