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Nothing would please me more than a careful review of the new doctrines I have ventured to offer for consideration. If true, they will stand the test of criticism. If otherwise, the sooner they are disproved the better. I ask for them no indulgence, but I protest against the use of terms "absurdity" and "false logic" whenever the reviewer and I happen to differ in opinion, unless he will first prove that I am wrong. If he will do so, he will at least prove that he has read with attention what I have written, which is not, I think, precisely the case in the present instance. I shall be happy to see him return to the examination with a disposition to ascertain which of us is in error, and prepared, if found necessary, to admit that he is so, as I shall on my part be, whenever he proves that the landlord's proportion has increased from the days of the Norman Conquest to the present time, or that the serf of Russia retains as large a proportion of the proceeds of his labor, as does the free citizen of England or the United States. When that can be done, the Ricardo doctrine will stand proved-but not until then.

I am, dear Sir,

Yours very respectfully,
HENRY C. CAREY.

Philadelphia, Nov. 26, 1840.

ANSWER TO MR. CAREY.

To Mr. Carey's protest, which, through courtesy, against usage, is admitted, we reply as follows:

First- That he does injustice both to himself and the reviewer, in thus misinterpreting into disrespect the language of an allowable logic. The "reductio ad absurdum," which form of logic we took the liberty to use touching his politico-economical position of the non-existence of rent, is certainly one of the most ordinary tests applied to speculative truths; and in analytic questions of this sort it is also, we think, one of the surest. The "arrogance," again, of our sitting in judgment on the soundness or unsoundness of such opinions, is, as he must perceive, a duty involved in the very office of a reviewer, and is of course an offence, if so it be taken, not to be avoided by us.

Secondly-As to the scientific question between us, Mr. C.'s defence, we must say, but confirms us in our previous judgment, inasmuch as, by its reduction to a tabular form, it exhibits still more clearly the source of his practical error to lie, as we stated it, in an imperfect analysis of the phenomena. We explain.

In the table given by him as above, of the diminishing returns from land as inferior soils are brought in, he exhibits the results

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truly, so far as they arise from that one condition of the question, namely, decreasing quality of soil; but forgetting altogether the other and more operative condition of the actual yield, namely, the comparative capital and skill bestowed on its cultivation; which latter element, in point of fact, is found in the progress of society to reverse the ratio, and to bring increased returns even from inferior soils. Now Mr. C., utterly neglecting this necessary condition, goes on to deduce from his one-sided analysis, practical results and conclusions, just as if he had taken everything into account, and then charges upon his opponents, instead of his own illogical reasoning, their inconsistency with actual fact. This, surely, is a matter about which there can be no difference of opinion. The actual returns from land are obviously and necessarily regulated by two varying causes - 1. Natural fertility of soil; and 2. The amount of capital and skill bestowed on it. If, then, a writer, with singular pertinacity, will go on to argue as if there was but one regulating element, we must be pardoned if we term it "illogical" reasoning; and if he will persist in deducing from it self-destructive conclusions, utterly at variance with fact, what shall we term such conclusions, but "absurd" and "inconsistent?" If, as Mr. C. argues, rent is nothing but interest of capital, Why, we ask, do lands when first taken up, before any capital is laid out upon them, still sell at different prices? How do great fortunes, again, grow up from the rent of lands in the progress of society, where not a dollar has been expended by the owner upon them? Whence come the enormous revenues of the great landholders of England? Why do rents from land rise and fall without increase or diminution of capital expended? etc. etc. If Mr. C. will but fairly test his theory of no-rent by a few such stubborn facts as the above, he will, we think, perceive the necessity of some radical correction of it; and if, dropping theory, he will but grapple with the great practical questions the present position of our country opens to the economist and philanthropist, we can assure him that we, as reviewers, will look forward with increased satisfaction to the appearance, we trust, of many another volume from his unwearied pen.

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QUARTERLY LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

(Reprints of Foreign Books are marked with an asterisk.)

BIOGRAPHY.

Hilliard, Gray, and Co.

Life and Times of Martin Luther. By the author of Three Experiments of Living. Boston: 1841. Life and Times of Thomas Cranmer. Experiments of Living. Boston: 1841. Distinguished Men of Modern Times. per and Brothers. 2 vols. 12mo.

By the author of Three Hilliard, Gray, and Co. New York: 1541. Har

Sketches of Conspicuous Living Characters of France. Translated by R. M. Walsh. Philadelphia: 1841. Lea and Blanchard. The Life and Land of Burns. By Allan Cunningham. With Contributions, by Thomas Campbell, Esq. To which is prefixed, an Essay on the Genius and Writings of Burns. By Thomas Carlyle, Esq. New York: 1841. J. and H. G. Langley.

COMMERCE AND THE USEFUL ARTS.

Additional Remarks on the Currency of the United States. By Publius. Together with the Previous Remarks on this subject, by the same author. New York: 1841. Wiley and Putnam. Brown's Banking and Mercantile Tables. New York: 1481.

EDUCATION.

A Vindication of Classical Studies. By C. H. Lyon. New York: 1841. H. and S. Raynor.

Remarks on the nature and probable effects of introducing the voluntary system in the studies of Latin and Greek, proposed in certain resolutions of the President and Fellows of Harvard University. Cambridge: 1841. John Owen.

A Classical Dictionary; containing an Account of the Principal Proper Names mentioned in Ancient Authors, and intended to Elucidate all the Important Points connected with the Geography, History, Biography, Mythology, and Fine Arts of the Greeks and Romans; together with an Account of Coins, Weights and Measures, and Tabular Values of the same. By Charles Anthon, LL. D., Jay-Professor of Columbia College. New York: 1841. Harper and Brothers. One volume, royal octavo, pp. 1420.

HISTORY AND STATISTICS.

The History of Harvard University. By Josiah Quincy, LL. D. President of the University of Cambridge. 1840. J. Owen. 2 vols.

8vo.

Canada in 1837-'38. By E. A. Theller. New York: 1841. J. and H. G. Langley. 2 vols. 12mo.

A Geographical, Historical, and Statistical View of the Central or Middle States. By H. S. Tanner. Philadelphia: 1841. H. Tanner, Jun. New York: T. R. Tanner.

Graphic Sketches from Old and Authentic Works, illustrating the Costumes, Habits, and Character of the Aborigines of America. New York: 1841. J. and H. G. Langley.

General History of the World, from the earliest times until the year 1831. By Charles Von Rotteck, LL. D. Translated from the German, and continued to 1840. By Frederick Jones, A. M. Philadelphia: 1840. C. F. Stollmeyer. 4 vols. 8vo.

The Philosophy of History, in a course of Lectures. By Frederick Von Schlegel. With a Memoir of the Author. By James Burton Robertson, Esq. New York: 1841. D. Appleton and Co. 2 vols. 12mo.

The Natural History of Society in the Barbarous and Civilized State. By W. Cooke Taylor, LL. D. New York: 1841. D. Appleton and Co. 2 vols. 12mo.

LAW.

Review of the D'Hauteville Case. By a Member of the Boston Bar. Boston: 1841. Weeks, Jordan, and Co.

A Treatise on the Law of Fire Insurance and Insurance on Inland Waters. In two parts; with an Appendix of Forms. By Elisha Hammond, Counsellor at Law. New York: 1841. Halsted and Voorhies.

Report of Cases argued and determined in the Court of Appeals of Maryland. By Richard W. Gilet and John Johnson. Vol. IX., containing Cases in 1837-'8. Baltimore: 1840.

A Treatise on the Law of Easements. By C. J. Gale, Esq. and J. D. Whately, Esq., Barrister at Law. With American Notes, by E. Hammond, Counsellor at Law. New York: 1841. Halsted and Voorhies.

MEDICAL SCIENCES.

* The Dublin Dissector; or Manual of Anatomy. Edited by R. Watts, jun. New York: 1841. J. and H. G. Langley.

*

Library of Medicine. Vol. III. Containing,

Diseases of the Organs of Respiration. By Dr. Williams.
Influenza. By Dr. Theophilus Thomson.

Asphyxia. By Dr. Carpenter.

Diseases of the Organs of Circulation. By Dr. Joy.

MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES.

The Steam Engine; its Origin and gradual Improvement from the time of Hero to the present day. By Paul R. Hodge. New York: 1841. D. Appleton and Co. Plates in folio. Letter-press

in 8vo.

An Elementary Treatise on Curves, Functions, Forces. Vol. I. Containing Analytic Geometry and the Differential Calculus. By Benjamin Peirce. Boston: 1841. J. Munroe and Co.

MISCELLANEOUS.

The Addresses and Messages of the Presidents of the United States. From Washington to Harrison. New York: 1841. Edward Walker, 12mo.

Essays. By Ralph Waldo Emerson. Boston: 1841. J. Monroe and Co.

Writings of Charles Sprague. 1841. C. S. Francis..

Now first collected. New York:

A Green-hand's First Cruise. Roughed out from the Log-Book of Memory of 25 years standing. By a Younker. Baltimore: 1841. Cushing and Brothers.

Observations on the best means of propelling Ships. 2 vols. 12mo. By Alexander S. Byrne. 2d edition. New York: C. S. Francis. Democracy in America. By Alexis de Tocqueville. Translated by Henry Reeve, Esq. Edited by Hon. J. C. Spencer. New and complete edition, with a Map. New York: 1841. J. and H. G. Langley.

* Miscellanies of Literature. By J. D'Israeli. 1841. J. and H. G. Langley. 3 vols. 12mo.

New York:

* Characteristics of Goethe, from the German of Falk, Von Müller, etc. By Sarah Austin. Philadelphia: 1841. Lea and Blanchard. 2 vols. 12mo.

* Goethe's Correspondence with a Child. Lowell: 1841. Daniel Bixby. 2 vols. 12mo.

The Anthropological Works of Alexander Walker. Containing Beauty, Intermarriage, Woman. New, complete, uniform edition. New York: 1841. J. and H. G. Langley. 3 vols. 12mo. Women of England. Their Social Duties and Domestic Habits. By Mrs. Ellis. New edition. Philadelphia: 1841. H. Hooker.

* Colin Clink. Containing Dissensions, etc., incident to his chequered life. By Charles Hooton. New York: 1841. W. H. Colyer.

NEW PERIODICALS.

The Southron; or, Lily of the Valley. Gallatin, Tennessee. Monthly.

The Analect. Jersey City. Semi-monthly.

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