of Iowa in 1898, and practiced his profession at Springdale from that time until the time of his death, October 29, 1917. He was sick only a very short time, his death being caused by pneumonia.

J. C. MITCHELL; 1849-1918

Judge J. C. Mitchell was born January 23, 1849, in Monroe County, Indiana. He moved with his parents to Lucas County, Iowa, in the fall of 1850, and in the fall of 1856 moved with his parents to Osceola, Clarke County, Iowa.

In the fall of 1866, he entered Iowa Wesleyan College at Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, and graduated in June, 1871. He remained at Mt. Pleasant studying law with Ambler Brothers and W. I. Babb until the summer of 1872, when he was admitted to the Bar. He commenced the practice of law at Chariton, Iowa, in January, 1873, and remained there until October, 1893, when he moved to Ottumwa, where he lived until his death, March 18, 1918.

He was married to Alice C. Wilson in April, 1875. His wife died December 2, 1912, and their remains now lie side by side in their family lot at Chariton, Iowa. Judge Mitchell was a member of the Episcopal Church and for many years was affiliated with the Masonic and Odd Fellows lodges, also a member of the Sons of the American Revolution.

He was a member of both the Masonic order and the Odd Fellows and his funeral was conducted by Masonic Lodge No. 16, of Ottumwa, Iowa. Judge Joseph Crockett Mitchell has for twentyfive years been an active representative of the Ottumwa Bar, while for forty-five years he has been a practitioner in Iowa.

In January, 1873, he opened an office of his own in Chariton, Iowa, where he practiced for twenty years, after which he served one year on the Bench of his district, being appointed by Governor Boies. But in 1893, he moved to Ottumwa where he resumed private practice which was continued until the time of his death. As a practitioner he ranked with the able lawyers of the State. He was resourceful and prepared his cases with great care and discrimination. Serviceable rules of law or facts of evidence seldom escaped him, and his presentation to a court or jury was characterized by logic, order and candor.

In his relations to the members of the Bar he was courteous, frank and reliable. While he was somewhat reserved in his general associations with men, upon occasion he was a delightful companion. Judge Mitchell will long be remembered by the Bar of his District.

F. W. MYATT; 1866-1918

F. W. Myatt was born at Elwood, Clinton County, Iowa, July 24, 1866. He died at Maquoketa, Iowa, January 2, 1918.

Mr. Myatt received his education in the public schools of Elwood, and the High School at Maquoketa. He studied law in the office of the Honorable G. L. Johnson, in the city of Maquoketa, and for a time attended the Law School of the State University of Iowa, and was admitted to the Bar by the Supreme Court in May, 1896. He commenced the practice of his profession in the city of Maquoketa, which was his home until his death.

His entire life was an open book to the people of Elwood and of Maquoketa, as the two towns are separated only about five miles. He was universally respected and held in high esteem by the people of the two cities and vicinity. He was four times. elected Mayor of the city of Maquoketa and had prior thereto been City Attorney.

At the time of his death he was in the strength of a vigorous manhood, just in the prime of his life. He had made a special study of his profession, and had built up a large practice. He was recognized as a man of great energy and of the most sterling integrity. He was a man with a rugged physique, commanding in appearance, and apparently had all the elements which give strength and symmetry to life. The dreams of youth were crystallizing and becoming realities, and with a firm will, and a brave heart he was moulding them into a noble character, and a life of usefulness when death came.

He is survived by his wife and son.

BENJAMIN RADCLIFFE; 1852-1918

Benjamin Radcliffe was born in Liverpool, England, April 15, 1852, and in 1856 came to the United States with his parents,

who settled in Portage County, Wisconsin. He industriously fought for an education and attended school at odd times during the year. When he was eighteen, he began teaching school and in 1878 came to Marcus to accept a position as a teacher. While teaching he studied law and was admitted to the Bar in 1887. At about that time he purchased the Marcus News and ran that paper for about a year when he sold it and went back to the practice of law in Marcus, Iowa, which vocation he pursued at that place until his death. His practice grew and at the time of his death he had a large office and probate practice which he enjoyed more than the combative trial work. He was a scrupulous, conscientious and careful lawyer, and valued his honor and word above everything else. A statement made by him was accepted as a fact by the judges, co-council or an opposing attorney, and it was entirely unnecessary to reduce an understanding with him to writing for every promise would be kept.

He was a man of firm convictions in matters pertaining to moral or public life and in politics he was at first a Republican but for the last several years had rather consistently voted the Prohibition ticket. He was an important factor in local affairs, and had been elected to several local positions of trust including Mayor of the town of Marcus, and a member of the school board.

He passed away on April 12, 1918, at Marcus, Iowa, and leaves surviving his widow, Anna Radcliffe, and five children, four sons and one daughter. One son, Maxwell, is now serving his country in France, and is in the Aviation Corps.

MAC J. RANDALL; 1872-1918

Born in Hartland, Iowa, May 17, 1872, of Scotch-Canadian parentage, died at his home in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, May 12, 1918. After graduating from Northwood High School, he attended the Iowa State College at Ames, Drake University at Des Moines, Union Seminary at New Berlin, Pennsylvania, graduated from Cornell College in 1898 and from the Law Department of the State University at Iowa City in 1901. He was licensed as a minister of the gospel in 1894 and was ordained in 1897, during which time he served as pastor at Afton, Lisbon

and Cedar Rapids. He was a member of the Board of Trustees of Western Union College at LeMars, Iowa. Began practice in Lisbon and Mt. Vernon in 1901 and in 1908 removed to Cedar Rapids, Iowa; served as Mayor of Lisbon; as a member of the Board of Directors of the Y. M. C. A. at Cedar Rapids and was its president at the time of his death; elected Representative from Linn County in 1916; was a member of the Knights of Pythias, and of the I. O. O. F. in which order he was a Past Grand Master; was a member of the building committee of the Odd Fellows Home at Mason City, Iowa. He was married at Lisbon, Iowa, February 25, 1897, to Katharine R. Stahl, who, with one son, John D. Randall, survive him. He was a man of conviction, broad of charities, a real Christian and an exemplification of honor itself.

WEST W. WOOLLEY; 1871-1918

On April 19, 1918, West W. Woolley, a prominent member of the Waterloo Bar, was suddenly stricken by heart failure at the Savery Hotel Annex, Des Moines, Iowa, while in conversation with his fellow townsman, Senator H. W. Grout.

Mr. Woolley was born near Glenco, Minnesota, on January 24, 1871. He was a graduate of the Dixon Law School of Dixon, Illinois, and was admitted to the Bar in 1898. For eight years he was a resident of Park Rapids, Minnesota, and was County Attorney of Hubbard County, Minnesota, for two terms. He came to Waterloo, Iowa, in 1911, where his splendid ability as an attorney gained him a statewide reputation. Deceased was a member of the Fraternal Order of Eagles, Knights of Pythias, and Masonic Lodges. He left surviving him a widow and one daughter, Virginia, of his immediate family; two brothers, M. M. Woolley of Minneapolis, Minnesota, and J. J. Woolley of Buffalo, Minnesota; two sisters, Mrs. William Steinke of Sleepy Eye, Minnesota, and Miss Lydia Woolley of Minneapolis, Minnesota.

The deceased was called in the prime of his life, being fortyseven years of age. He was a lawyer of splendid standing and his legal ability and integrity won for him universal respect and admiration. From a cheerful and sympathetic nature, he chose

for his special attention the defense of those who were charged with crimes and misdemeanors, and was very successful as a criminal lawyer. He was ever loyal to the interests of his clients, and the ability with which he presented their causes was an honor to the profession. On many occasions, he undertook the cases of those in distress without thought of reward and his kindness and assistance will be remembered gratefully by those for whom he labored. Genial in disposition, honorable and upright in all his dealings, to know him was to love him, and his friends were limited only by the horizon of his acquaintance. His humor was infinite and all abounding and was the index of a wide and tender sympathy with all mankind.

He was a good citizen, always interested in his country's welfare. A true, faithful, courageous man has gone to his well deserved rest. His beautiful, sunny spirit will be missed by everyone who knew him.

(Upon motion duly made the Report of the Committee on Legal Biography was received and placed on file.)

THE PRESIDENT: The next is a paper of exceptional interest at the present time, on "Civil and Military Courts", by Captain Percy Bordwell of the National Army, Camp Dodge.

MILITARY AND CIVIL COURTS

To most of you who were brought up on Dicey's Law of the Constitution as I was, the case of Grafton v. United States, 206 U. S. 333, must have come as a considerable shock. In that work Dicey dealt with two or three guiding principles which he felt to pervade the modern constitution of England. The first of these was the sovereignty of Parliament; the second, the rule of law or rather "the universal rule or supremacy throughout the constitution of ordinary law".

The sovereignty of Parliament had been established by the Revolution of 1688, but the supremacy of the ordinary law dated back to the beginning of the constitution, back even of Magna Charta, and in fact constituted the constitution. Two powerful kings, Henry II and Edward I, were great law makers.