ILLUSTRATIONS.

The

Many of these etchings are from sketches made in India by Mr William Prinsep. botanical subjects are by Mr. Fitch, of Kew. The Krishnas were drawn by Mr. Scharf from little bronzes in the India Office Museum. Mr. Scharf also drew the Coronation Scene, the Lion-hunt, Buddha preaching in a Temple, Persons wearing dhotis, and the Bodhisattwas, or Yoginis. These all were taken from the Ajanta frescoes, since destroyed by fire in the Crystal Palace, at Sydenham.

For the architectural illustrations, I am almost wholly indebted to Mr. Fergusson.

A few ornamental scrolls and vases are from drawings made for Colonel Tod's work on Rajasthan.

PAGE

403 Centre of Vihâra Hall, Ajanta.

405 Vase and falling leaf sculptured at Chittore.

407 First preaching of Buddhism.

408 Chaitya Cave, Ajanta.

410 Exterior of Chaitya Cave.

411 Ground plan of Chaitya Cave.

414 Tank, with steps down to it.

415 Lotus stamens.

421 Indra-Sabha, Ellora.

423 Mahâvellipore.

425 Vimâna, Barakpur.

428 Sculptured scroll, Chittore.

429 Sculptured ornaments on a pillar, Chittore. 432 Sculpture, from Temple at Barolli.

CONTENTS TO VOL. 1.

CHAPTER I.

Hymns of the Rig-Veda.-The Sun.-Vishnu.-Aswins.-Dawn. -Fire.—

Varied Character of Agni, Fire.-Rudra.-Indra.-Winds and Storms

1

CHAPTER II.

Hymns addressed to Adjuncts of Sacrifice.-Symbols.-Fire produced from

Wood.-Horse, Sacrificial Post.-Ladle, Mortar.-Soma-Plant. - Abstract

Conceptions of Deity.-Origin of Universe.-Sin

CHAPTER III.

Locality of the Rig-Veda Hindus.-Country of the Seven Rivers.-Saras-

wati to the East.-River Kophen to the West.-Sea unknown.--Country

wild.-Lions, Wolves, Elephants.-Woods cleared by Fire.-Agriculture.—

Hymn for Season of ploughing.-Metals, Money, Gambling.-War.-Dark-

complexioned Enemies.-Conquered or amalgamated

CHAPTER IV.

Brahmans, men who recite hymns.-Rishis, men who see hymns.-Brah-

man gradually became a general name for Priest.-Soma Sacrifice.--Viswâ-

mitra and Vasishtha.-Conflict between priests and soldiers.-Brahmanical

importance supported by ceremonial and sacred literature.-Schools and

Colleges

CHAPTER V.

Aitareya Brahmana.-Soma Festival Arrangements.-Story of Harischan-

dra.-Abhisheka.-Purohita

b

26

48

68

85

CHAPTER VI.

Additional Vedas.-Sâma-Veda.-Yajur Veda.-Satapatha-Brahmana ap-

pended to the Yajur-Veda.-Full Moon Sacrifice and Pastoral Ceremonies.-

Wild Theories.-Origin of Men and Gods.-Deluge.-Manu.-Yajnavalkya,

a leading Character

CHAPTER VII.

106

-

Studies for the Forest.-Soul.-Immortality.-Yajnavalkya and his wife.-

Upanishads. Nachiketas. - Yama. Om.-Soul. - Brahma. Musical

Chants. Hard Case of Pupil of unknown Pedigree.-Knowledge of Brahma.

Quietude.

CHAPTER VIII.

INTRODUCTION TO HINDU PHILOSOPHY

122

. 148

Bhagavad-Gîtâ, or the Lord's Song.-Duty discussed.-Fighting. Spirit

cannot be killed.-Repose upon eternal Truth.-Two Natures of Krishna

CHAPTER XIII.

THE PURANAS.

Puranas about ninth century, A.D.-Ancient legends modernized and ex-

aggerated. Sanctity of places.-Special gods.-Bhakti faith.-Interesting

remarks by Burnouf

217

213

Religious sects coeval with Purânas.-Vishnu and Siva developed out of

epithets in Vedas and epics.-Vishnu as Krishna.-Râmânuja.-Monasteries.

-Vishnu-worship debased.-Bâba Gopala.-Vallabhâchâryas.-Other sects.

-Bhakti faith.-Kabir.-Nanak.-Tuka.-Siva sects.-Dandins, self-denying.

Sankara Achâryas.-Vedânta doctrine joined with Yoga.-Debased sects.-

Charwakas. Durgâ-Pûjâ.-Gods Kâma, Ganesa, Small-pox, &c., not philo-

sophic, local

258

CHAPTER XV.

CODE OF MANU.

Origin of Caste.-Divinity of Brâhmans not taught in older works.-In-

dustrious_classes. — Villages self-governed. — Agriculture; trade; taxes;

money.-Penal enactments.-Theoretical Sûdras.-Women.-Kshattriyas ;

Brahmans; life from birth to death

273

CODE OF YAJNAVALKYA

CHAPTER XVI.

. 304

CHAPTER XVII.

LAW SCHOOLS AND DIGESTS.

Sanskrit law books now used.-Mitakshara.-Dayabhaga.-Colebrooke's

translations and preface.-Constitution of Hindu family-divided or un-

divided.-Religious importance attached to sons.-Instances in Sanskrit

literature. Women wholly dependent on men.-Claims on property given.-

Rights of widows

316

CHAPTER XVIII.

MEDICINE.

Sanatory plants in Rig-Veda.-The Aswins physicians.-Medical men in

Mahabharata.-Sanskrit writers on medicines:-Atriya; Charaka; Susruta.

Their works valued by the Kalifs of Bagdad

CHAPTER XIX.

ASTRONOMY, ALGEBRA, ETC.

Constellations in Rig-Veda.-Moon, month.-Calendars for regulating

religious ceremonies.-Investigation of the Sûrya-Siddhânta.-Aryabhata,-

accurate observations, A.D. 500.-Varâhamihira, astronomer and astrologer.-

Bhaskaracharya.-Algebra.-Our figures derived from old Sanskrit letters.-

Decline of astronomy in India

335

. 359