REV. i. "And hath made us kings and priests unto God and his Father; to him be glory and dominion for ever and ever. Amen. REV. v. Thou art worthy to take the book, and to open the seals thereof: for thou wast slain, blood out of every kindred, and tongue, and hast redeemed us to God by thy and people, and nation; 10 And hast made us unto our God kings and priests: and we shall And they sung a new song, saying, reign on the earth. CHAPTER XXII. THE NATURE OF THE ATONEMENT. 1. What is the meaning of the sadors for Christ, as though God did word atonement? (a) It occurs but once in the English translation of the New Testament: ROM. V. 11 And not only so, but we also joy in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom we have now received the atonement. (b) But the Greek word of which it is a translation occurs in three other places: (A) KaraMayń, exchange, profit, resulting from barter. (8') A social change, from enmity to friendship, reconciliation. From the Perf. Mid. of karaλλáσow, to change, give in exchange: beseech you by us: we pray you in Christ's stead, be ye reconciled to God. 21 For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him. (B) Karaλánow, signifies to change, to give in exchange. (B) To change from being in a state of enmity to that of friendship, to reconcile. From xarà, intensive, and áldáσow, to change, so as to make a thing other than it is. (B) To give in exchange, to give what is due, in either a good or a bad sense. Occurs six times: Twice-ROM. V. 10 For if, when we were enemies, we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son, much more, being reconciled, we shall be saved by his life. I COR. vii. II. 10 And unto the married I command, yet not I, but the Lord, Let not the wife depart from her husband: 11 But and if she depart, let her remain unmarried, or be reconciled to her husband: and let not the husband put away his wife. 2 COR. v. 18, 19, 20. 18 And all things are of God, who hath reconciled us to himself by Jesus Christ, and hath given to us the ministry of reconciliation; 19 to wit, that God was in Christ, reconciling the world unto himself, not imputing their trespasses unto them; and hath committed unto us the word of reconciliation. 20 Now then we are ambassadors for Christ, as though God did beseech you by us: we pray you in Christ's stead, be ye reconciled to God. 21 For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him. (C) 'AMMάTT is the Attic form of áλáσow, and has the same signification, but does not occur in the New Testament in the Middle Voice, therefore it signifies generally, to change, either giving or taking in exchange. Thus when Christ shall change us we shall be blessed indeed. Occurs six times: LEV. xiv. 11 And the priest that maketh him clean shall present the man that is to be made clean, and those things, before the LORD, at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation: 12and the priest shall take one he lamb, and offer him for a trespass offering, and the log of oil, and wave them for a wave offering before the LORD: 13 and he shall slay the lamb in the place where he shall kill the sin offering and the burnt offering, in the holy place: for as the sin offering is the priest's, so is the trespass offering: it is most holy: 14 and the priest shall take some of the blood of the trespass offering, and the priest shall put it upon the tip of the right ear of him that is to be cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot: 15 and the priest shall take some of the log of oil, and pour it into the palm of his own left hand: 16 and the priest shall dip his right finger in the oil that is in his left hand, and shall sprinkle of the oil with his finger seven times before the LORD: rest of the oil that is in his hand shall the priest put upon the tip of the right ear of him that is to be cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot, upon the blood of the trespass offering: 17 and of the 18 And the remnant of the oil that is in the priest's hand he shall pour upon the head of him that is to be cleansed: and the priest shall make an atonement for him before the LORD. 367 25 And the priest shall make an atonement for all the congregation of the children of Israel, and it shall be forgiven them; for it is ignorance: and they shall bring their offering, a sacrifice made by fire unto the LORD, and their sin offering before the LORD, for their ignorance: 26 And it shall be forgiven all the congregation of the children of Israel, and the stranger that sojourneth among them; seeing all the people were in ignorance. (d) On the Great day of Atonement for the priest and the people: LEV. xvi. 6-22. 6 And Aaron shall offer his bullock of the sin offering, which is for himself, and make an atonement for himself, and for 19 And the priest shall offer the sin offering, and make an atonement for him that his house. And he shall take the two is to be cleansed from his uncleanness; and goats, and present them before the LORD afterward he shall kill the burnt offering: at the door of the tabernacle of the con9 And and the priest shall offer the burnt offer-gregation. And Aaron shall cast lots and the other lot for the scapegoat. ing and the meat offering upon the altar: upon the two goats; one lot for the LORD, Aaron shall bring the goat upon which and the priest shall make an atonement 21 And the LORD's lot fell, and offer him for a for him, and he shall be clean. if he be poor, and cannot get so much; sin offering. 10 But the goat, on which then he shall take one lamb for a trespass the lot fell to be the scapegoat, shall be offering to be waved, to make an atonean atonement with him, and to let him go ment for him, and one tenth deal of fine presented alive before the LORD, to make flour mingled with oil for a meat offering, for a scapegoat into the wilderness. 11 And and a log of oil; 22 and two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, such as he is able Aaron shall bring the bullock of the sin make an atonement for himself, and for to get; and the one shall be a sin offer- offering, which is for himself, and shall his house, and shall kill the bullock of the ing, and the other a burnt offering. sin offering which is for himself: 12 and he shall take a censer full of burning coals of fire from off the altar before the LORD, and his hands full of sweet incense beaten small, and bring it within the vail : 13 and he shall put the incense upon the fire before the LORD, that the cloud of the incense may cover the mercy seat that is upon the testimony, that he die not: with his finger 14 and he shall take of the blood of the bullock, and sprinkle upon the mercy seat eastward; and before the mercy seat shall he sprinkle of the blood with his finger seven times. NUM. XV. 22 And if ye have erred, and not observed all these commandments, which the LORD hath spoken unto Moses, 23 even all that the LORD hath commanded you by the hand of Moses, from the day that the LORD commanded Moses, and henceforward among your generations; 24 then it shall be, if ought be committed by ignorance without the knowledge of the congregation, that all the congregation shall offer one young bullock for a burnt offering, for a sweet savour unto the LORD, with his meat offering, and his drink offering, according to the manner, and one kid of the goats for a sin offering. 15 Then shall he kill the goat of the sin offering, that is for the people, and bring his blood within the vail, and do with precepts of the law enters into Ilis satisfaction? the that blood as he did with the blood of the bullock, and sprinkle it upon mercy seat, and before the mercy seat: 16 and he shall make an atonement for the holy place, because of the uncleanness of the children of Israel, and because of their transgressions in all their sins: and so shall he do for the tabernacle of the congregation, that remaineth among them in the midst of their uncleanness. 17 And there shall be no man in the tabernacle of the congregation when he goeth in to make an atonement in the holy place, until he come out, and have made an atonement for himself, and for his household, and for all the congregation of Israel. 18 And he shall go out unto the altar that is before the LORD, and make an atonement for it; and shall take of the blood of the bullock, and of the blood of the goat, and put it upon the horns of the altar round about. 19 And he shall sprinkle of the blood upon it with his finger seven times, and cleanse it, and hallow it from the uncleanness of the children of Israel. 20 And when he hath made an end of reconciling the holy place, and the tabernacle of the congregation, and the altar, he shall bring the live goat: 21 and Aaron shall lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat, and confess over him all the iniquities of the children of Israel, and all their transgressions in all their sins, putting them upon the head of the goat, and shall send him away by the hand of a fit man into the wilderness: and the goat shall bear upon him all their iniquities unto a land not inhabited: and he shall let go the goat in the wilderness. 23 And Aaron shall come into the tabernacle of the congregation, and shall put off the linen garments, which he put on when he went into the holy place, and shall leave them there: 24 and he shall wash his flesh with water in the holy place, and put on his garments, and come forth, and offer his burnt offering, and the burnt offering of the people, and make an atonement for himself, and for the people. 4. How may it be proved that the "active obedience" of Christ to the (a) Of necessity: Christ was the Second Adam: I COR. XV. 22 For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive. 45 And so it is written, The first man Adam was made a living soul; the last Adam was made a quickening spirit. (b) Obedience is the only condition of life: ROM. x. 4 For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to every one that believeth. For Moses describeth the rightcousness which is of the law, That the man which doeth those things shall live by them. (c) The fixed meaning of dikatoúry, righteousness, in the New Testament, is perfect conformity to the whole law of God. See all instances, chap. xxx. ques. 4: 14 4 For sin shall not have dominion over you: for ye are not under the law, but under grace. 15 What then? shall we sin, because we are not under the law, but under grace? God forbid. 16 Know ye not, that to whom ye yield yourselves servants to obey, his servants ye are to whom ye obey; whether of sin unto death, or of obedience unto righteousness? [It is dikaiwpa which occurs in this instance, all the rest are correct :] |