SECTION II. THE SERIES OF EGYPTIAN KINGS IN THE OLD, MIDDLE, AND NEW EMPIRES, ACCORDING TO THE HISTORICAL SECTIONS, IN TABULAR FORM. WE have 38 kings in 13 dynasties and 1076 years. The question before us is to exhibit the connexion and position of the dynasties in such a way as to give at the same time a sketch of the relative chronology. This, we think, may best be effected by placing the dynasties which form the chronological series in one row under each other, and separating them by lines, the length of which represents the time, upon the scale of to a century; and by arranging the collateral dynasties in such a way that the southern shall be on the left, the northern on the right, of the chronological series. II. COMPLETE SURVEY OF THE OLD EMPIRE ACCORDING TO ITS THE Old Empire passed through three historical epochs in 1076 years. The first reaches to the extinction of the 4th Dynasty. Down to that time the empire was undivided, although, when the male line of the race of Menes died out in the fifth generation, a Thinite dynasty (2nd), which probably succeeded through an heiress, existed collaterally with the royal house of Memphis (3rd), and would seem to have exercised considerable influence upon the religious institutions of the country. But after this it is clear that a complete division took place. The Empire Proper, the power of which commenced at Memphis, was carried on by Phiops, the founder of the 6th Dynasty. Contemporaneously with this, a dynasty was established in the extreme south (Elephantine, 5th), which appears to have founded an empire of no little importance in Upper Egypt. Besides, there was a Herakleopolitan dynasty (9th) at Abaris (near Zoan), which kept possession (subsequently in two lines) until the empire was reunited under the 12th Dynasty, although without doubt its power and authority were subject to some limitation. As therefore the Third Epoch, that of the Restoration, begins with the 12th (the Sesortosida), so did the Middle Epoch, that of the Separation, with the 6th. First Period.-THE FOUNDATION AND Third Dynasty, MEMPHITES: 191-414. 9 Kings, 224 Yrs. XIII. (8.) Rayôsis (Rasôsis) 13 3232-3220 XIV. (9.) Biyres (Bikheris) 10 3219-3210 X. (5.) Anoyphis Soyphis) XI. (6.) Sirios (Si-Irios?) 18 XII. (7.) Khnubos Gneu ros (Khn. Snefros) 22 Fourth Dynasty, MEMPHITES: 415-569. 5 Kings, 155 Yrs. |