may be induced to co-operate with them in their endeavours to promote the welfare and comfort of the poor. It may be sufficient for the present to state, generally, that it is proposed to divide the several parishes in the city into convenient districts, to which several visitors shall be appointed, who shall from time to time visit each poorer family in their districtapply the funds of the society to the relief of cases of real affliction and distress among them-encourage habits of providence and frugality-and by personal attention, offer to them in their difficulties the advantage of a neighbour's best counsel and advice. The visitors in each parish will state their proceedings, and report upon the wants and condition of the poor in their districts to the minister and other visitors, at a meeting appointed monthly or oftener for the purpose.

SUFFOLK.

At the late agricultural meeting held at Litcham, on the health of Lord Wodehouse being proposed, Mr. Garwood, of West Lexham, an extensive agriculturist, by many considered the best farmer in Norfolk, said "Justice obliged him to bear testimony to the excellent character of the Hon. and Rev. Armine Wodehouse, of Barnham Broom. About 1821, when corn was very low, he hired some land in that parish, and the Rev. gentleman fixed the tithes according to the then price of corn, with the understanding that if prices advanced the title should be advanced accordingly. In 1824 corn rose, and he considered that he was bound to offer the rector an advance of tithes; but it was resolutely refused by Mr. Wodehouse at that time, and on several subsequent occasions when he repeated the offer. With such tithe-owners he considered they would need no reform in the church.

SURREY.

Tithe Sale in the Wandsworth Road.-For some time past placards have been posted advertising the sale of 50,000 trees, on the nursery ground of Mr. Phillips, Wandsworth-road. Counter advertisements were posted by Mr. Phillips, stating that the property described was to be sold to satisfy the demand of the rector of the parish (Lambeth) for tithes. The subject was spoken of at a meeting of the Political Union on Monday night, and the chairman recommended the persons present to attend the sale, which was to take place at twelve the following day (Tuesday.) At one, Mr. Cross, the auctioneer, commenced selling, and the persons who surrounded him consisted of about fifty, none of whom had the appearance of buyers, and nearly the whole of whom commenced every sort of annoyance in their power short of actual violence. The first lot consisted of twentysix fruit trees, for which one shilling was

bid, which increased to five shillings, at which they were knocked down. Three

or

four other lots were subsequently knocked down, some of them consisting of upwards of 100 trees, for 1s. 6d. each lot. The person who purchased the first lot asked of the auctioneer whether he would indemnify him, if, in taking the trees away, he took sufficient earth to preserve the roots? To which the auctioneer replied, that he could but sell the trees. Mr. Phillips how interfered, and demanded a sight of the warrant authorizing the sale, which, after some altercation, was read aloud by the Sheriff's officer in possession. The sale was then about to proceed, when a notice was served upon the auctioneer, to the effect that the trees were the property of Mr. Phillips, sen., the father of the supposed occupier of the land. The auctioneer then left the ground to consult with the solicitors, his employers; and the sale was consequently postponed until some future day. On inquiry, we find that the execution under which this sale was ordered is for law expenses incurred by Mr. Phillips, having resisted the payment of tithe for a considerable time past, and not actually for tithe due to the Such was the excitement caused in the neighbourhood, that it was necessary to have a body of the police in attendance. Morning Chronicle.

rector.

SUSSEX.

At the tithe audit of the Rev. Alfred Lawrence, of Sandhurst, held at the Swan inn on the 6th inst., the sum of 50l. was unanimously voted and presented to the Rev. Gentleman over and above the composition for the tithes of that place, in consideration of the very propitious season in the growth of hops, and the very high estimation in which he is held by his parishioners.

The following is an extract from a letter which appeared in the Sussex Advertiser, November 5th:

"To the Editor of the Sussex Advertiser. "SIR,-You will oblige me by giving insertion to this letter, written by a reformer both of Church and State; but, at the same time, by one who ever feels pleasure in paying his humble tribute of praise to the deserving, whether the person be a clergyman or a layman. We have lately lost our worthy Vicar, Dr. Lettice, aged 94; and to his honour be it said, that the tithepayers of the parish came forward spontaneously, and requested the favour of being allowed to bury him at their own expense, and to place a monument to his memory. The mournful ceremony took place on the 26th ult., when a large portion of the inhabitants followed the corpse to the grave. "H. B.C."

"Peasmarsh.

Attempt to establish a Labour Rate.A great deal of inconvenience has resulted from a blunder in the Act of 2nd

and 3rd of William IV. cap. 96, respecting the employment of the poor. At the last Quarter Sessions at Petworth, a great many parish officers were in attendance for the purpose of getting the signatures of the Magistrates to the resolutions of the inhabitants for the establishment of a labour rate, by which they would be enabled to take the labourers off the unprofitable roads, and employ them on the farms. In the parish of Pulborough, the expenditure of the poor's rate amounted to 44481. 8s. for the last year; and the farmers would, by giving employment to ablebodied men on the roads, considerably reduce that intolerable tax; but the deficiency of the Act presents an insurmountable obstacle, the Magistrates having declared that it is so worded as to be altogether inefficient and unavailable. The consequence is, that the parishioners are compelled to pay a rate which operates most injuriously to them; and, as it were, sanctions the continuance of the most abject pauperism amongst men who are competent and inclined to work.

WARWICKSHIRE.

Refusal of the Church Rate, Birmingham. -In consequence of the refusal of the church-rate at the late vestry meeting, Mr. Churchwarden Salt, at the suggestion of the Rector, convened a meeting on Monday evening, 12th inst., for the purpose of taking into consideration the means of providing the necessary expenses attending the performance of Divine Worship at St. Martin's Church. About twenty individuals attended. A resolution was moved by Mr. Harris, recommending a subscription for that purpose. Mr. Eagles moved as an amendment, that the meeting do adjourn to that day six months, which amendment was carried by a considerable majority.

WILTSHIRE.

observance of the Lord's Day. The profanation of that day, the source of so many other evils, has at length happily attracted the notice of Parliament; and a most interesting Report has been published of the proceedings of the Committee appointed to inquire into the laws and practices relating to the Lord's Day. The magistrates of the Metropolis have associated to give their aid to the same good cause. A Society has also been established in London for promoting the due observance of the Lord's Day, and has circulated a series of useful regulations for the formation of Auxiliary Societies. It is very desirable that such a Society should be constituted in every considerable town; and I should be most happy to co-operate with you and your brother magistrates, and the clergy, and other friends to the measure, in establishing such a Society in this city."

On this occasion, the Leet Jury made the following presentment:

"We also present the constant practice of shopkeepers and publicans keeping open their houses on Sunday, for the purpose of business; and do strongly recommend that measures should be adopted for preventing a recurrence of so flagrant a profanation of the Sabbath day.

"We also present the gross violation of decorum by the assembling of disorderly persons in the Blue Boar-row, and other streets of this city, especially on the evening of the Sabbath; and we recommend that some efficient measures be adopted to prevent the disgraceful practice in future.

WORCESTERSHIRE.

Beer Houses. A correspondent has addressed us upon the subject of the increase of tippling houses in this city, adverting especially to the number of public houses and beer houses in Sidbury and the neighbourhood; within seventy-five yards there are four public and beer houses. Our correspondent seems to labour under the mistake, that it is in the power of magistrates to check the increase of beer houses. We can assure him, however, that such is not the case: the licences for them are issued at the Excise Office, and any person who complies with the provisions of the Beer Act, can obtain a a licence. Thus the very proper determination of our magistrates not to license any more public houses is rendered almost nugatory. The legislature, in framing the Beer Act, appears to have committed not a very unusual error,-in attempting to cure one evil they created a greater. Under the impression, that the price of the beverage used by the poorer classes was raised by a monopoly, and that licences were sometimes refused by magistrates, from improper motives, they authorised the opening of houses for the sale of beer to an unlimited extent. To say nothing

of the serious injury they inflicted on the old public houses (in which a very large property was invested), we ask what has been the effect upon the morals of the working classes, the deterioration of which infinitely counterbalances all revenue considerations? we answer, that the effects shew, that the Beer Act is an unmitigated evil, and that it ought to be entitled Act for encouraging artisans and labourers to spend their wages in drunkenness, and to leave parishes to provide for their families." The Act, indeed, seems but a paraphrase of Cowper's words

fan

Drink, and be mad then: 'tis your country bids;
Gloriously drunk-obey the important call!
Her cause demands the assistance of your throat;
Ye all can swallow, and she asks no more.

Worcester Journal, Oct. 31st.

YORKSHIRE.

Meetings of the following Auxiliaries to the Bible Society have been held during the month in this county at Sheffield(James Montgomery, Esq. in the chair); Ecclesfield (Henry Walker, Esq. in the chair); Rotherham, and Bawtry.

On Monday, the 22nd ult., the foundation stone of the new church to be built at Wadsley, by the Misses Harrisons, of Weston, was laid by W. Wilson, Esq., of Brightfield, in the presence of nearly 3,000 spectators from Sheffield and the neighbouring villages.

Re-opening of Bradford Parish Church.-It is with pleasure that we announce the re-opening of this sacred edifice, which has lately undergone a complete repair, under the direction of Mr. John Clark, of Leeds, architect. The fabric has now a neat and substantial appearance. We understand that the cost of the repairs considerably exceeds 1000l., of which sum only 2001. have been contributed by the parishioners by way of rate, the difference having been very handsomely subscribed by some public spirited individuals connected with the town.

Sacrilegious Depredation.-On the night of the 3rd instant, some evil disposed persons broke into Rawdon Church, and tore in pieces the Bible and Prayer Books, destroyed nearly the whole of the interior of the Organ, and committed other wanton and shameful depredations. The Rev. A. Ibbetson has offered a reward for the discovery of the offenders.

Sunday, the 11th instant, was observed in our churches and chapels generally as a day of thanksgiving for the removal of the cholera, when appropriate sermons were preached, and, in some cases, collections were made for benevolent purposes.-Hull Advertiser.

WALES.

It affords us pleasure at all times to record acts of charity and generosity to the poor agri

cultural labourers. We are able to state, from good authority, that Charles Morgan, Esq., of Ruperra Castle, M.P. for Brecon, has given to each of his workmen, 37 in number, from a quarter to half an acre of land, for potatoes. The land is ready worked and manured for planting, and Mr. Morgan allows each man two days for setting, and two days for rising the crop, paying them as usual for their labour. We would say to the wealthy-"Go thou and do likewise." The labourers and domestics at Ruperra, in all upwards of 60, speak with praise and gratitude of the kindness they receive on all occasions from their master and mistress.

SCOTLAND.

Divinity Class-Dr. Chalmers opened his two Divinity Classes on Wednesday, the 21st; the one exclusively for professional students, whilst to the other, on the evidences of Christianity, non-professional students are admitted; and we do not well see how many of our halfpay officers, and men of fortune, could more usefully employ an hour per diem, than embracing the opportunity thus afforded them, of hearing one of the most eloquent men of the present age presenting to their minds the most striking and powerful views of the evidences of our Christian faith. Dr. Chalmers remarked, in his introductory lecture, that Bishop Butler is the Bacon of Theology; and that when the documentary evidence of the gospel is taken in connexion with the philosophy of Bacon and Butler, it imparts a clearness and strength to the historical argument for the truth of Christianity, which has not been generally sufficiently recognized. Disciples as we are of Lord Bacon, said Dr. Chalmers, we delight to dwell on the emphatic weight which his philosophy gives to the evidences of Christianity. Dr. Chalmers, at the conclusion of one of his introductory lectures, remarked, that he had been repeatedly charged with Utopianism in expecting a gradual change and improvement in society-the change will not be sudden-it will be brought about by a summation of particulars -by education pervading every city mass-the result will be gigantic, but without any one giant having to do with it. - Edinburgh

Chronicle.

It will be gratifying to the lovers of learning to be informed that it is in contemplation to establish at one of the Universities here, as at Oxford, a class for casuistry; and that it is intended to offer the chair, in the first instance, to Mr. Hamilton, of Dallzell, whose code of moral ethics, as lately promulgated here by some of his disciples, so admirably fits him to teach the more abstruse refinements of Jesuitry. As an inscription over his class-room, having recourse to the sortes classica, he may perchance light on the bitterest line in Horace "Jura negat sibi nata-nihil non abrogat.' -Aberdeen Herald.

A handsome piece of plate has been presented to the Rev. John Paton, of Ancrum, by the

parishioners of Lasswade, as a testimonial of their gratitude for the zealous, affectionate, and efficient manner, in which he discharged his clerical duties during the period of his ministry among them.

The trustees of the late Rev. Dr. Colquhoun, of Leith, have paid to the treasurer of the Leith Auxiliary Society for Promoting Christianity among the Jews, and for aiding the British and Foreign Bible Society, a legacy of 1,000%, left by the Rev. Dr. to the Jews' Society in London, and which the Committee of the Leith Auxiliary have, agreeably to the terms of the donor's bequest, transmitted to the Society in London, to be applied to the translation and circulation of the Hebrew Scriptures.-Edinburgh Advertiser.

According to his promise, the defence of the Rev. Edward Irving was laid before the Presbytery of Annan, on the 7th instant, in the form of a letter, in which he began his address in scriptural terms, "Men and brethren." He avowed himself the author of the obnoxious publications, which he attempted to defend in his own peculiar manner. The Presbytery, therefore, proceeded to put the instructions of the General Assembly of the Church in force, and appointed the Rev. Mr. Ruddick, of Gretna,

their Moderator; Dr. Duncan, of Ruthwell, and Mr. Monilaws, of Annan, as their Managing Committee.-Morning Paper.

Spanish Bibles.-The Glasgow Bible Society, which has been engaged for some time in revising Valera's Spanish New Testament, has now finished that undertaking. This version, though reckoned by many competent judges the best translation of those sacred books in that language, and equal to any modern translation in any other language, has been long out of general use. In the event of open

ings being found for its circulation, it will prove a most invaluable blessing to Spaniards; and the Society having now a considerable impression in a neat form, and good types, at their disposal, invite the attention of those who have correspondents, either in Old Spain or in Spanish America, to their object. Any information with regard to probable channels will be gratefully received by the Secretaries, Rev. Dr. Smyth and Rev. Mr. Willis, Glasgow; the Honorary Secretary, Rev. Dr. McFarlane, Greenock; or any of the members of Committee. Individuals wishing for copies may receive them from Mr. Willis, at the Religious Institution Rooms, South Frederick-street.Scottish Guardian.

Poor of Berlin.-The Magistracy of this capital have lately brought a complaint against the government, in which they urge that, since the year 1806, their fellow-townsınen have been burthened with a sum amounting very nearly to two hundred thousand pounds, which ought to have been borne by the public treasury; and amongst other reasons which they adduce for the inadequacy of the civic revenues any longer to defray the growing expense of maintaining the poor, they refer to the melancholy fact, that at the close of the year 1830 no less than 10,103 families were exempted from rates and taxes by reason of their poverty, and that the greater portion of the increase which has raised the population of Berlin from 185,000 to 275,000 souls during the last eighteen years, had been derived from the indigent classes. A report on the state of the poor and the administration of the poorlaws in the Prussian capital is about to be published by the burgomaster and council.

Luther's Descendants.-A Lutheran Jubilee Endowment was founded in the year 1818 in favour of the collateral descendants of the great German Reformer at Mohra, in the duchy of Saxe-Meiningen; and it was liberally augmented by the present sovereign of Prussia upon the celebration of the jubilee of the "Confession of Augsburg" in 1830. year (1831) this endowment amounted to a capital of 1243 dollars (1904), and two of the

Last

Reformer's descendants, John Nicholas, and John Ernest Luther, received what is termed "Master's Stipends" of thirty dollars each; the one upon his establishing himself as master box-maker, and the other on setting up as a master mason. The number of families possessing claims upon this fund is much increasing eight young men of Lutheran name and descent are settled as master-tradesmen and heads of families, two are about to follow their example, and two more are expectant of the " Apprentice-Stipends."

France. Two bishops have been named by the present king; but, though their nominations have been sanctioned by the pope, they have not hitherto been able to persuade any of their mitred colleagues to consecrate them. The refusal is said to arise out of the open hostility of the higher class of the ecclesiastical dignitaries to the present government.

Switzerland. The great council of the Canton of St. Gall would seem to have resolved upon inverting the character assigned from of yore to the "multitude of counsellors;" for they have enacted, that every congregation shall hereafter enjoy the prerogative of discharging their minister from his functions, independently of any reference to his lay or ecclesiastical superiors!

Chili.-The upper classes, observes a late resident this country, are gradually throwing off the domination of the Roman Catholic

Church. The congress have refused to receive the Nuntio dispatched by the see of Rome, and would have renounced all allegiance to the Pope, had he not consented to some enlightened modifications which the Chilians proposed. The first step, however, has been taken towards the spiritual emancipation of Chili. The harbingers of Gospel truth have made their appearance under this sky. In the cabins among the Pampas, into which I have entered, as well as in the inns and hotels of Chili, I have not unfrequently found a Bible or New Testament, which some agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society has left for their use, at times lying beside the Mass-book, on a handsomely decorated table, above which a Virgin and crucifix were suspended. The first seeds have been sown in this soil, and, with the Divine blessing, the wheat will spring up and choke the tares.-(Sir H. Verney, in a communication to the Editor of the "Sémeur.")

Baden.-University of Freiburg.-There was every prospect that the Catholic university of Freiburg would have ultimately become, what the universities of Louvain and Paris were a short time since, a scene of fierce political agitation. Many of its professors have taken but too prominent a part in the war waged, both by the pen and public meetings and addresses, against the governments and existing institutions of Germany; and, forgetful of the academical stations which they filled, have worked but too successfully on the ingenuous minds of those who had been committed to their charge for a purpose widely removed from political polemics. The evil at last attained to so prejudicial a height, that

no alternative appeared left to the government but to dissolve the university for a season, and remodel its professional ranks and preceding constitution. This step was accordingly taken on the 12th of September last, under an order from the Grand-ducal Cabinet, which assigns as a reason for so severe a measure, that "much pain and anxiety had been occasioned to the Sovereign by the pernicious direction which the university had long taken, both in a moral and political point of view, and by the equally pernicious influence which it had exercised on the scientific education of the students themselves, in despite of his exhortations, and even of his threat to close it, as held out on the 29th of the preceding month." The decree afterwards declares, that the university shall be closed until it shall have been re-organized; because the reform is demanded by the interests of the country, as well as of the parents who have confided their children to the care of the Institution; but, above all, by the necessity of putting an end to the habits of idleness and frivolity which the students had contracted, and restoring them to the pursuit of serious studies, and the cultivation of greater dignity of character.

Emigration to Quebec.-Quebec papers to the 14th of Sept. state the total number of emigrants, arrived since the opening of the navigation this year to that date, to be 49,569 To the corresponding period last year 46,070

Difference in favour of 1832

3,499

By subsequent accounts we learn that the university has been re-modelled and was to be re-opened for the usual autumnal courses.

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