With regard to the capacity of the cranium there appears to be little difference from the former series, although the new appear larger owing to a different method of measurement, which as far as tried gives more certain results. Some of the skulls, the capacities of which were given before, are no longer accessible to me, but those which are in the Museum of the College of Surgeons have been measured over again with very great care, using shot instead of mustard-seed as formerly, and then added to the new specimens, giving an average of 1,281 cc. in thirteen males, and 1,148 cc. in the same number of females. These numbers may be substituted for 1,244 and 1,128 of the males and females respectively given in the former communication. Among the males the maximum is 1,400, and the minimum 1,120; among the females the maximum (one of the new series, No. 1,486 of the Barnard Davis collection) attains the exceptional capacity of 1,375, giving perhaps an unduly high average to this group; the smallest is 1,040. The average horizontal circumference in the twelve males of the former series was 480; the additional eight only change the average by 1 millimetre, it being now 481. The average circumferance in the female is absolutely unaffected, it being 462 in the original series of twelve, and the more extended one of seventeen. The average length (ophryo-occipital) of the twelve males was 167.5, that of the twenty-one 1674, showing only a difference of of a millimetre. On the other hand, the maximum parietal breadth in the new series somewhat exceeds that of the old, principally in consequence of two or three unusually narrow skulls being contained in the former. The average of the old series was 1349, that of the new 135.8, raising the index of breadth from 80.5 to 81·1. The average height (basi-bregmatic) in the former series was 1296, in the present series 129-5, the index being 773 instead of 77-0. In the females the average length of the old series of twelve was 1606; that of the combined series of eighteen, 160-8. The average of breadth is changed from 132-8 to 133-2, the index. being only altered from 82-7 to 82-8, an unappreciable difference. The average height of the twelve crania was 125.3; that of the eighteen 124.9, the index changing only from 77.9 to 77.7. The average basi-nasal length of the males in the former series of twelve was 950; in the present series of twenty-one crania it is 94-6; the basi-alveolar lengths being respectively 96.3 and 946, reducing the gnathic index' from 1,014 to 1,000, the present series being thus somewhat less prognathous than the former one. In the females the former basi-nasal length was 1 See "Journ. Anthrop. Inst.," vol. x, p. 163. 907, that of the eighteen skulls now measured 90.3; the basialveolar lengths being 92-7 and 924, which produces practically no alteration in the gnathic index, which is given as 1,022 in the previous list, and is 1,023 in the present one. The measurements of the nasal aperture in the males are as follows: Former series of twelve crania: height 45.8, width 23-4, index 511; present series of twenty-one crania, height 461, width 234, index 508; the width is therefore the same, but the increased height gives a slightly lower index. In the females former series of twelve, height 43-2, width 22-2, index 51.2; present series of eighteen: height 433, width 22-4, index 51.5. The general average index of the male and female skulls combined is exactly the same in both the whole and the partial series, viz., 51.15, which figure may be safely accepted as the average nasal index of the race. The orbital measurements and indices receive scarcely any alteration from the additional specimens. In the males the height, width, and index were respectively 36 3, 33·0, and 90·6; now they are 36.5, 330, and 904. In the females, the old numbers were 35-2, 322, and 915; now they are 351, 32-1 and 91.4. With such close agreement in all the primary measurements of the cranium, it seems scarcely necessary to follow out in detail the numerous minor dimensions, as whenever tested they correspond equally nearly with those previously given. The main point that I wished to test has been thoroughly established, the twelve skulls of each sex previously examined furnishing a very fair average of the characters of the race. = It was stated in the former communication that "in dimensions the teeth appear equal to the average of those of Europeans, and therefore may be considered large in relation to the general size of the body." Since that time I have found it convenient to use an index to express this relation, which is obtained by comparing the length of the molar series (straight line between the anterior part of the first premolar and the posterior point of the third molar d) with the basi-nasal length (or craniod x 100 facial axis) BN BN by it races may be divided into megadont, mesodont, and microdont. Like most of the frizzly-haired races, the Andamanese are decidedly megadont; the average index in nine males being 44.4, and in eight females 46.5. Unfortunately so many of the skulls have lost part or all of the series of teeth, that the number available is rather smaller than might be wished. ; may be called the dental index, and Among other points in the skeleton of primary importance, as indicating race characteristics, is the pelvic index, or the ratio of the antero-posterior to the transverse diameter of the brim, the latter being taken as 100. This was given in the former paper for the males (average of eight) 101, for the females (average of nine) 95.2. In the united series the males now give (average of twelve) 988, and the females (average of thirteen) 964; a slight diminution therefore in the index for the males, and an increase in that of the females. The dimensions from which the index is derived are as follows:-In the males the average transverse and antero-posterior diameters were respectively 924 and 92-9, now they are 934 and 92-2; in the females, formerly 102.9 and 980, as against 1030 and 99.3. It will be observed that the alterations of averages in no case exceed 1.3 mm., or of an inch. MAY 27TH, 1884. Professor W. H. FLOWER, LL.D., F.R.S., President, in the Chair. The Minutes of the last meeting were read and signed. The following presents were announced, and thanks voted to the respective donors: FOR THE LIBRARY. From PRINCE ROLAND BONAPARTE.-Hindous No. 21 and Peaux Rouges No. 47 de la Collection Anthropologique du Prince Roland Bonaparte. From the SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR.-Compendium of the Tenth Census of the United States. Parts 1, 2. From the AUTHOR.-Note sur les Figures et les Inscriptions Gravées dans la Roche à el Hadj Mimoun, près Figuig, by E.-T. Hamy. Mission Scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amerique Centrale. Part 1: Anthropologie du Mexique. By E.-T. Hamy. L'Ethnogénie de l'Europe Occidentale. By E.-T. Hamy. Note sur une Inscription Chronographique de la fin de la periode Aztéque appartenant au Musée du Trocadéro. By E.-T. Hamy. From the ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BERLIN.-Zeitschrift für Ethnologie, 1884. Heft 2. From the LISBON GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.-Revista Mensal. Tomo II, 1883. From the ACADEMY.-Boletin de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias en Córdoba. Tomo VI, Entrega 1a. From the INSTITUTION. Journal of the Royal United Service Institution. No. CXXIII. From the SOCIETY.-Proceedings of the Royal Society. No. 230. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou. From the EDITOR.-Matériaux pour l'Histoire de l'Homme. May, 1884. "Nature." Nos. 759, 760. Revue d'Ethnographie. No. 1, 1884. Revue Politique et Littéraire. Tom. XXXIII, Nos. 20, 21. 66 Science." Nos. 65, 66. The election of F. C. J. SPURRELL, Esq., was announced. The following paper was read by the author: On the KUBUS of SUMATRA. By H. O. FORBES, F.R.G.S., F.Z.S., Memb. Anthrop. Inst. [WITH PLATE X.] THE Kubus are a small tribe of people inhabiting the central parts of Sumatra, and it has been claimed by some for them that they are the remnants of the pristine indigenes of the country. On arriving in the region round which they peregrinate I was extremely anxious to have a view of these people, and I am indebted to the Chief of one of the villages on the Rupit River for my first introduction to two men, one woman, and one child; shortly afterwards, however, at Surulangun, through the kind assistance of Mr. Kamp, the Controller of the district, I was able to examine a considerable number of these people, to collect some information about them, and to obtain one cranium, and, after some considerable difficulty, one complete skeleton. The Kubus are a nomadic race wandering about in the forests on the borders of the Jambi Sultanate and of the Palembang Residency, along the banks and affluents of the great rivers, the Musi, and of the Batang Hari. The Dutch Government some years ago began the attempt to teach these people something of the art of agriculture, and have, after much difficulty, succeeded in getting a few families in some of the districts to assume in some degree a settled residence in villages made for themselves. It was owing to these partially civilised communities that I am indebted for a sight of the people. In their wild state they live in the deep forest, making temporary dwellings, if their rude shelters can be called such, VOL. XIV. K where they stay for a few days at a time, where food is obtainable, or for the purpose of collecting beeswax, dammar, and gutta-percha. Their dwellings are a few simple branches erected over a low platform to keep them from the ground, and thatched with banana or palm-leaves. They are so timorous and shy that it is a rare circumstance for any one to see them, and of course an extremely rare one for any white man. In fact, I doubt if any white man has ever seen the uninfluenced Kubu, save as one sees the hind-quarters of a startled deer. In the small trade carried on between them and the Malay traders of the Palembang and Jambi Residencies, the transactions are performed without the one party seeing the other. The Malay trader, ascending to one of their places of rendezvous, beats a gong in a particular way to give notice of his arrival. On hearing the signal, the Kubus, bringing out what forest produce they may have collected, and depositing it on the ground at this place, hastily retire into close hiding, beating a gong as a signal that all is ready. The trader then slowly and cautiously approaches, lays down on the ground the cloth, knives, and other articles of barter he has brought, to the amount which he considers an equivalent exchange, beats a gong, and in like manner disappears. The Kubus proceed then to examine the barter offered; if they consider the bargain satisfactory they remove the goods, beat their gong and go away; while the trader packs up the produce he finds left lying on the ground. If the bargain is not considered by them sufficiently advantageous, they set on one side a portion of their produce, to reduce it to what they consider the value of the barter offered; and thus the affair see-saws till finally adjusted or abandoned. They are so afraid of seeing any one not of their own race, that if suddenly met or come up with in the forest, they will drop everything and flee away. They cultivate nothing for themselves, but live entirely on the products of the forest-snakes, lizards, grubs, fruits, an occasional deer, pig, or tapir, which a happy effort has rewarded them with-and what they purchase by barter from Malays. They know nothing of art; they manufacture absolutely nothing. Their knives and the universal spear with which they are armed are purchased from the Malays with whom they trade. Neither men nor women wear clothes, except the small T-bandage of bark-cloth; some even go entirely in a state of nature. Where European influence is beginning to have its modifying effect-and where is it not now felt in some measure ?-calico coverings such as modesty demands are worn. They occasionally keep in confinement a few birds, and a species of dog of moderate size always accompanies them. They will scarcely touch water for ablutionary |