confident in stating that this song is the production of George Alexander Stevens; but he is mistaken. The song is probably a hundred and fifty years older than the time of that unlucky scapegrace. Stevens was not particular to a trifle in his appropriation of the works of others, and the song in question is only one of his many delinquencies in the same line of wholesale appropriation.

The earliest copy of "Songs of Shepherds" with which I am acquainted, is contained in a MS. Poetical Miscellany in my possession, with the date 1630 on the cover. It consists of seven stanzas, and corresponds almost verbally with the modern copies. The initials "R. C.," at the end, are probably those of the witty Bishop Corbet (1582-1635). The song enjoyed great popularity (perhaps from its odd jingle of classical names) in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and is still occasionally sung by country actors. The words may be found in the Percy MS.; Westminster Drollery, part ii. 1672; Wit and Drollery, 1682; Old Ballads, 1727; Dryden's Miscellany Poems, 1716, &c. And both words and music are contained in the Convivial Songster, 1782; Calliope, or the Musical Miscellany, 1788; Ritson's English Songs, &c. EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

This song, which has the burden of "Hunting the Hare," cannot have been written either by Porson or by George Alexander Stevens. A reference to Popular Music of the Olden Time will show that it has had continuous popularity from the reign of Charles II. In 1672 it was included in the second part of Westminster Drollery, and in 1682 in Wit and Drollery. WM. CHAPPELL.

NELSON'S LAST SIGNAL (4th S. i. 223.) MR. TIEDEMAN asks, "Have there ever been doubts expressed as to the authenticity of Nelson's last order?" Whatever doubts may have been expressed, I think there should be none as to the fact, which is vouched for by so many different and independent witnesses. In addition to the proof afforded by your correspondent in 4th S. i. 277, I enclose the following extract from The Memoirs and Services of the late Lieut.-General Sir S. B. Ellis, K.C.B. Royal Marines.

I am sorry I am not able to quote the edition and page, as the extract is copied from a newspaper cutting in my common-place book:

"This glorious battle, which so greatly influenced the affairs of Europe, and gave to England the supremacy of the seas, was one through which our ship passed with but little loss. There was scarcely any wind at the time, and we approached the enemy at not more than a knot and a half an hour. As we neared the French fleet, I was sent below with orders, and was much struck with the preparations made by the blue-jackets, the majority of whom were stripped to the waist, a handkerchief was bound tightly round their heads and over the ears to deaden the noise of the cannon, many men being deaf for days after the action. The men were variously occupied; some were

sharpening their cutlasses, others polishing the guns, as though an inspection was about to take place instead of vado, were dancing a hornpipe; but all seemed deeply a mortal combat; whilst three or four, as if in mere braanxious to come to close quarters with the enemy. Occasionally they would look out of the ports and speculate as to the various ships of the enemy, many of which had been on former occasions engaged by our vessels. It was at this time that Nelson's famous signal, England expects every man to do his duty,' was hoisted at the masthead of the admiral's ship. These words were requested to be delivered to the men, and I was desired to inform them on the main deck of the admiral's signal. Upon acquainting one of the quartermasters of the order, he

assembled the men with Avast there, lads, come and hear the admiral's words.' When the men were mustered, I delivered, with becoming dignity, the sentence, rather anticipating that the effect on the men would be to awe them by its grandeur. Jack, however, did not appreciate it, for there were murmurs from some, whilst others in an audible whisper muttered, Do our duty! Of course we'll do our duty. I've always done mine, haven't you? Let us come alongside of 'em, and we will soon show whether we will do our duty. Still the men cheered vociferously-more, I believe, from love and admiration of their admiral and leaders, than from a full appreciation of this well-known signal.”

J. B.

HARVEST DATES (2nd S. iv. 57.)-On the farm referred to, harvest this year began on July 17, a week earlier than in any year from 1813 to 1841 inclusive. S. W. RIX.

Beccles.

WILLIAM TANS'UR (4th S. ii. 257.)-In the list of books given by DR. RIX to the authorship of Tans'ur, will be found Sound Anatomised, 1724. This is given upon the authority of Burney, but I much doubt if the author's name is not misprinted by him. The true title of the book I believe to be:·

"Sound Anatomiz'd, in a Philosophical Essay on Musick. Wherein is explained the Nature of Sound, both in its Essence and Regulation, &c. Contrived for the Use of the Voice in Singing, as well as for those who Play on Instruments. Together with a Thorough Explanation of all the different Moods used in Musick, for regulating Time in the different Divisions of Measures used therein. All render'd plain and easy, to the meanest Capacities, by familiar Similies. To which is added, A Discourse concerning the Abuse of Musick. BY WILLIAM TURNER. London: Printed by William Pearson, overagainst Wright's Coffee House, in Aldersgate-street, for the Author; and sold by M. Turner, at the Post-House in Russell-street, Covent-Garden, and no where else in England. 1724." W. J. WESTBROOK.

Sydenham.

TUBB FAMILY (4th S. ii. 253.)-Yarrell, in his British Fishes, London, 1836, remarks (vol. i. p. 42) in the course of his description of the sapphirine gurnard (Trigla hirundo, Linn.) —

"It is also common round our coast generally, but particularly from West Bay to the Land's End, where the gurnards are called tubs, tub-fish, and, in reference to colour, red tubs."

Jonathan Couch, a more recent ichthyologist,

"The name of the household vessel, a tub, is derived from a word which signifies short and thick; and of which the word tubbot, frequently used in the west of England, is the adjective. This, beyond doubt, is the origin of the common name of this fish; which is the thickest, and comparatively, therefore, the shortest of the species of this genus.-A History of the Fishes of the British Islands, vol. ii. p. 21, London, 1863.

Thomas Moule's Heraldry of Fish (published by Van Voorst, London) would be a very likely source of information on the subject; but, unfortunately, I have at present no means of access to a copy of this work. J. C. G. Exeter.

ANSWER TO A PAPISTICALL BYLL, ETC. (4th S. ii. 251.) — A copy is in the library of St. John's College, Cambridge, as I have already pointed out elsewhere; the exact title, taken from the tract itself, is registered under "Knell" (there were two persons of that name) in Handbook of Early English Literature.

W. C. HAZLITT.

CHARLES COTTON (3rd S. ix. 15.)—I may add to the particulars you have already published under this head the following small items: —

1. The History of the Life of the Duke of Espernon, &c. 1680. [This was published at 18s.]

2. The Commentaries of Blaise de Montluc, 1674, folio. [This was published at 14s.]

3. Horace: a French Tragedy, &c. 1671, 8vo. [Published at 1s.]

4. Virgil Travestie, &c. 1664, 8vo. 1s. 6d.]

[Published at

5. The Essays of Michael Seigneur de Montaigne, &c. 1685-6.

A copy before me differs from that described by MR. WESTWOOD, and I therefore transcribe the particulars:

"Essays of Michael Seigneur de Montaigne. In Three Books. With Marginal Notes and Quotations of the cited Authors. And an Account of the Author's Life. Now rendered into English. By Charles Cotton, Esq. :— Viresque acquirit eundo.'-Virg. Æn., lib. iv. The First Volume. coincides]. 1685."

London: Printed, &c. [the rest

But in my copy, the first and third volumes are dated 1685; the second, 1686. The third edition, apparently unknown to MR. WESTWOOD, was in 1700, 3 vols. 8vo.

6. The Confinement; a Poem, &c. 1679.

A copy which belonged to Mr. Bindley and to Mr. Heber is before me. It has two title-pages,

one as given by MR. WESTWOOD, the other as follows:

"The Confinement, &c. London: Printed by J. C. 1679."

The little volume contains M. in fours or halfsheets. W. CAREW HAZLITT.

CONSTANTIN HUYGENS (3rd S. iv. 295.) — Constantin Huygens, Chr Seig de Zuylichem, to whom the letter of Dr. Donne's son is written, 1649, was the father, not the brother, of the great astronomer, judging from the date. Equally honoured both in his public capacity and as a man of letters, he lived to an old age (1596— 1687). He was secretary and privy counsellor to the Stathouders Frederik-Henry, William II., and William III., as his own father had been to William I. the taciturn, and his eldest son became to William III., whom he followed to England at the great Revolution of 1688. Constantin Huygens wrote verses both in Latin and Dutch. йe was certainly a good poet. It has been said of him: "Il a de la verve et de l'originalité; il pense et fait penser, mais il manque quelquefois d'harmonie." His complete works in 2 vols. 4to were edited in 1687. His poem on his country-house, called "Hofwyck," i.e. Retirement from Court, is particularly remarkable. Christian Huygens de Zuylichem, Seigneur de Zeelhem, the great astronomer, was his second son, by Suzan Van Baerle. P. A. L.

QUOTATIONS WANTED (3rd S. iii. 48.)—Of the second of these, which should be written thus:"Quand on a tout perdu, quand on n'a plus d'espoir, La vie est un opprobre et la mort un devoir,”Edouard Fournier truly says, in L'Esprit des

Autres :

MADAME DE GENLIS: PAMELA (3rd S. iv. 86, 134, 297.)-I have a curious autograph letter of Madame de Genlis to Napoleon, relative to the widow of Lord Edward Fitzgerald, afterwards married to Mr. Pitcairn, American Consul at Hamburgh, from whom she soon separated. She died in 1831, in very straitened circumstances:

"Je suis encore obligée de mettre sous les yeux de Sa Majesté le dénouement de cette insoutenable histoire. Je reçois dans l'instant ce billet de Pamela, rien au monde ne m'a plus irritée dans ma vie. Je lui avois dé

fendu par tous les droits de la reconnoissance de venir, je lui mandois qu'en venant elle me compromettroit; elle m'a répondu d'obtenir la permission d'aller à hambourg, j'ai écrit en conséquence au ministre de la guerre ; pendant ce temps elle arrive à Paris, elle y est depuis 6 jours à mon insçu! j'ai répondu deux lignes pr déclarer que je ne voulois ni la loger ni me mêler d'elle en rien. Elle a risqué de me faire beaucoup de mal, je ne suis que

sa bienfaitrice, je ne lui dois rien et elle me doit tout, je n'aurai pas la foiblesse de souffrir que son étourderie jette aux yeux de Sa Majesté du louche sur ma droiture et sur ma conduite; je me décide même à ne pas la voir, ma porte lui est fermée et ne s'ouvriroit pour elle que par un ordre formel de l'Empereur. En sortant je ne pourrois la rencontrer que chez ma fille, où je suppose qu'elle a été ou qu'elle ira (il y a 3 semaines que je n'ai vu Mme de Valence), je n'irai pas chez elle tant que Pamela sera ici. Voilà quelle sera ma conduite. Je désire bien vivement qu'elle soit assez observée pour être bien connue. J'ai défendu à Casimir † de la voir, et celui-là, plein d'âme et de loyauté, obéira. Je dois ajouter que je suis très-sûre des faits suivans: le gouvernement anglais la déteste, la croit vendue à la france, et elle n'a pu ni rester en Angleterre ni y terminer ses affaires. Elle n'ose retourner à Hambourg auprès d'un mari sévère qui la rendra responsable des injustes préventions des anglois, et qui les croira méritées par des intrigues en france. Sa situation est cruelle. Je n'y peux rien et j'avoue que son manque de respect, de confiance et de crainte de me nuire, en diminuant mon amitié pour elle, ne m'empêche pas de désirer vivement qu'elle puisse trouver ici avec son innocente et charmante enfant, secours sureté et protection. Je me chargerais volontiers de cette enfant si elle quittoit Paris, mais non tant qu'elle y sera, puisque je ne pourrois lui interdire la vue de sa mère. Voilà toute la vérité. On trouvera dans le monde qu'il y a de la dureté à moi à ne pas recevoir Paméla; ces discours ne me font rien, je n'ai que ce moyen de prouver à Sa Majesté que toute cette conduite n'est pas un jeu concerté entre nous, car sans cela il est peu vraisemblable qu'elle soit venue malgré mes ordres, mes prières, et quand je lui mandois que cette démarche me compromettroit cruellement.

"Vendredi, 26 fév. 1808."

P. A. L. CRAVEN, CRAY, ETC. (4th S. ii. 253.)-Camden's derivation is more to the point than Whitaker's. I do not understand what is meant by a "stony crag": the word "Craigvaen" is evidently an invention by Whitaker. I know the village of Cray it is not in Langstrothdale, but on the steep side of Stake, a high mountain that separates Langstrothdale from Bishopsdale. Cray is not identical with crag=crag, rock. It is the same as the French word crête crest, Latin crista. When used in Alpine regions, it signifies the summit of a mountain. In Celtic Switzerland the word is common enough. We find craie, crai, cray, crey, crêt, criest (pronounced cree), &c. &c. The Swiss have it also in proper names, as Ducrey, Du Cray, Ducrêt, &c. I have asked Professor Nüssler, of the University of Lausanne, what was the signification of Cray or Crey, and he answered, without any hesitation, "the summit of a mountain." I had no doubt about the mean

ing, but I wished to have the opinion of so learned and distinguished a philologist. Though the Craven village-the name of which, by-the-bye, is not Cray, but "The Cray"-does not occupy the summit of a mountain, it has a sufficiently high position, when viewed from the deep dale below, to entitle it to the name of The Cray; and particularly, as is often the case, when it terminates the view-all above being enveloped in mist.

The "Clifford Brasses," enquired after by SIR Mr. Sedgwick, but by a Quaker, the late Mr. THOMAS E. WINNINGTON, were not found by George Hodgson, steward to the late Earl of Thanet at Skipton Castle. At Mr. Hodgson's death, the brasses were carefully preserved by Tufton, Bart., the present owner of the Clifford Mr. Sedgwick, who handed them over to Sir R. estates, and a descendant of the family.

JAMES HENRY DIXON.

Lausanne. BREECHES BIBLE (4th S. ii. 322.) - The form or, much more often, ye, for "the," is of perpetual occurrence in old MSS., indeed it is hardly out of use even now. gone countless times in hasty writing. I have myself used it But my impression is that it is not often to be found in print, and I think it must be accidental and erroneous in

Bagster's (not Baxter's) Polyglot. I can say nothing about the Breeches Bible.

John Lyly, M.A.-Euphues: The Anatomy of Wit (Editio Princeps, 1579); Euphues and his England (Editio Princeps, 1580). Collated with Early Subsequent Editions. Carefully edited by Edward Arber.

This is the last and largest, and far from the least interesting, in the valuable series of reprints of old English Authors, for which the admirers of our early literature are indebted to the care and energy of Mr. Edward Arber. This reprint, from what are believed to be unique copies of the first impressions of The Anatomy of Wit, and of Euphues and his England, form a neatly, and what is more important, accurately printed volume, of between 400 and 500 pages, of the text of two books, which represent a fashion of expression in Elizabeth's age, and gave a new word to describe it, Euphuism, to our language.

The text is preceded by a chronicle of some of the principal events in the Life, Works, and Times of John Lyly; which is followed by an interesting Introduction: while a bibliography of the various editions of the book, which, it may here be added, has not before been reprinted since 1636. Nothing less than a very large sale can remunerate Mr. Arber. That his enterprise deserves such encouragement, our readers will readily admit, when they hear that he has issued, at sixpence each, Milton's Areopagitica, Latimer's Sermon on the Ploughers, Gosson's School of Abuse and Apology, Sir P. Sidney's Apologie for Poetrie, and Webbe's Travels, 1590: and for one shilling each, Selden's Table Talk, Ascham's Toxophilus, and Addison's Criticisms on Milton's Paradise Lost.

A Handbook of Poetry; being a Clear and Easy Guide, divested of Technicalities, to the Art of making English Verse. By J. E. Carpenter. To which is added a new Poetical Anthology, and a Concise Dictionary of Proper Rhymes, with Lists of Double and Single Rhymes and Terms used in Poetry. (Sampson Low.)

Mr. Carpenter does not seem to be a believer in Cicero's dictum-"Nascimur poetæ, fimus oratores." His Handbook is intended to facilitate, and render somewhat more accurate and conformable to rule, effusions now given to the world by

"The mob of gentlemen who write with ease." Whether this is doing good service to the reading public may be questioned. Mr. Carpenter obviously is prepared to answer such question in the affirmative, and has taken great pains to make his little volume as complete and useful as it could well be made.

Karl's Legacy. By the Rev. J. Woodfall Ebsworth, M.A., Cantab. In Two Volumes. Vol. I. The Old College at Nirgends. Vol. II. The Legacy of St. Margaret's Well, &c. (Edmonston & Douglas.)

Flosculi Literarum; or, Gems from the Poetry of all Time, faithfully rendered into English Verse. By John George Harding. (Effingham Wilson.)

Youthful Impulse and Mature Reflection. Poems. Second Edition. (Longman.)

The Harp of the Valley. By William Stewart Ross. (A. W. Bennett.)

The Minster, with some Common Flowers picked up in the Close. By Richard Trott Fisher. (Pickering.)

Mr. Carpenter's Handbook has recalled our attention to a number of poetical volumes wanting notice. It is difficult to do justice to such works in the limited space which we can devote to such a purpose; and we can only give the authors a very few words of very homely prose in return. Karl's Legacy is obviously the production of a thoughtful and earnest mind, capable at times of giving passionate and poetical expression to the thoughts which stir his spirit. Many of the poems scattered through the two volumes will be read with considerable interest, as well as the prose with which they are judiciously strung together.

Flosculi Literarum consists of a series of translations of specimens from some of the classical poets, as well as the poets of Germany, Spain, and Italy, which show Mr. Harding's scholarship, rather than his power of poetical expression.

The three last volumes on our list, unlike in many respects, may all be characterised as affording evidence of a good deal of poetic feeling on the part of the authors, but show at the same time they are neither influenced by the thoughts that breathe, nor, even if they were, are they equal to the giving of such thoughts utterance in words that burn.

LAMBETH LIBRARY.-We are glad to be able to announce that this valuable Library is once more accessible to students. Mr. Wayland Kershaw, the new Librarian, attends there every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, from ten till one o'clock.

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EARLY ENGRAVING AND PRINTING. We are requested by Mr. Holt to supply the reference to the quotations in his article in our last number. They are from Ottley's, and Jackson and Chatto's Works on Wood Engraving. The first and third from Ottley, pp. 184 and 197 respectively; the fourth from Jackson and Chatto, p. 59.

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