I disposition, or any other cause, languid, or only slightly The was not a sufficient consciousness to fix them in the mind, without a renewal, we have no means of knowing the length of time that had elapsed between the faint impression received by the single brain, and the distinct impression by the double brain. It may seem to have been many years. Charlotte. "The strongest example of this delusion I ever recollect in my own person was at the funeral of the Princess Several disturbed nights previously, and the almost total privation of rest on the night immediately preceding it, had put my mind into a state of hysterical irritability, which was still further increased by grief, and by exhaustion for want of food. I endeavoured to hide, had become apparent to his friends, before that entry was made in his Diary. Indeed, the touching record of his wayward alternation of feelings, at that very period, inscribed by his own hand on a neighbouring page, shows that there was every predisposition in his mind to induce a state of morbid sensibility. "I spent the day," he says, "which was delightful, reading, sometimes chewing the cud of sweet and bitter wandering from place to place in the woods, sometimes fancies,' idly stirred by the succession of a thousand vague thoughts and fears, the gay strangely mingled ready to flow unbidden; smiles which approached to with those of dismal melancholy; tears which seemed those of insanity; all that wild variety of mood which solitude engenders." And so, too, in Hone's case, it was when he had been completely worn down by the excitement of his extraordinary trial, that he was suddenly startled by an apparent recognition of an apart ment, which he had certainly entered for the first time in his life. There is to be accounted for, however, in his story, the curious fact, that he proposed, as a test to himself of the reality of the pre-impression, the finding of a certain knot in the wood of the window-shutter, and that he actually did discover it. had been standing for four hours, and on taking my place vented from fainting by the interest of the scene. It would seem to have been under similar derangement of the nervous system, unstrung by sickness, misfortune, or grief, or over-exertion, or when the feelings have been deeply stirred by some national calamity, that this peculiar sensation has usually manifested itself. At such times the very atmosphere seems fraught with some strange influence; every accustomed sound - -even the ticking of a clock- unnoticed before, falls upon the ear with almost painful distinctness, and the silence which intervenes seems almost preternatural. In the case of Sir W. Scott, recorded in that pathetic Diary of his closing life, from which your correspondent F. has given an extract, his mind had been hopelessly impaired by his almost superhuman efforts to retrieve his ruined fortunes, and the delicacy of his mental organisation, which, his biographer remarks, he had always stoically In fine, we may, perhaps, accept the ingenious explanatory theory of Dr. Wigan as the most plausible solution; but, as to the doubleness or duality of the mind, which the title of his book implies, Sir Henry Holland, in his elegant Chapters on Mental Physiology, affirms that he can see no foundation for it. But, may we not with great probability conclude, that the singular mental phenomenon which forms the subject of this note proceeds "from some incongruous action of the double structure of the brain," to which perfect unity of action belongs in a healthy state? Bath. W. L. NICHOLS. There are many mansions" in the kingdom of God. Is it not then very possible that previously to this life the human soul has passed through many mansions, that is, many different phases of existence, and that it is destined to pass through many more before it arrives at its final rest? Surely if we could establish as true the idea of a pre-existence, we should gain an additional argument, if such were wanting, in proof of an immortality to come. We are told that Pythagoras recollected his former self in the respective persons of a herald named Ethalides, Euphorbus the Trojan, Hermotimus of Clazomene, and others, and that he even pointed out in the temple of Juno, at Argos, the shield he used when he attacked Patroclus. Can any of your readers name others who have felt, or pretended to feel, a consciousness of preexistence? P. F. D. CHATTERTON'S PORTRAIT. (2nd S. ii. 171. 231.) It The recovery of any genuine portrait of Chatterton becomes more improbable every day. is very unlikely that any portrait of him by Gainsborough ever was painted, as Mr. Fulcher mentions in his Life of Gainsborough, and that it was made during the intervals between 1768 and 1773, when he declined sending specimens to the Royal Academy, and that this portrait was a masterpiece. In refutation of the whole of this allusion to a portrait by Gainsborough, the facts are patent and full. Chatterton left Bristol for the metropolis at the end of April, 1770, and committed suicide there the latter end of August in the same year. Now, unless it can be shown that Gainsborough painted his portrait in Bristol before April, 1770, it is highly improbable that during the few months that Chatterton resided in London he did so, or that Chatterton, in the pride of his heart, (for pride was his principal foible,) should not have communicated so important an occurrence to his mother or sister Mary: more reasons might be adduced, but the above are surely sufficient to destroy the belief that Gainsborough ever did paint such a portrait. In regard to the other portrait to which I alluded in "N. &. Q," (2nd S. ii. 172.), prefixed by Mr. Dix to his Life of Chatterton, I have now before me an indubitable proof that it is not one of Chatterton, but of another boy, and the following are extracts from a review of the Life of Chatterton by Mr. Dix, by my late friend the Rev. John Eagles, the author of The Sketcher, sent by him to Blackwood's Magazine with other contributions, but not inserted, and afterwards given to me for insertion in Felix Farley's Bristol Journal; but being too long for its columns, when supplements were not the fashion, did not appear, - which extracts, I think, dispose of the two portraits of Chatterton, the one in Dix's life, and the other in Mrs. Newton's possession, Chatterton's sister, and the purport of these extracts is so clear that it needs no comment of mine. Mr. Eagles writes: "Mr. Dix has obtained a striking portrait (we do not say a striking likeness) as a frontispiece to his volume. It is highly indicative of genius, and just such a one as we should have expected to see, could we have been assured of there being any real portrait of him in existence. We find indeed in the appendix by Mr. Cumberland, p. 317, that Mrs. Edkins says Wheatley painted his picture, but at what age she does not know, and her son had seen it. . . . It is fair to state that we under stand a copy of this portrait has been presented to Mr. Southey, who considers it like Chatterton's sister, Mrs. Newton. And it must be confessed that a very willing observer might fancy he traced a resemblance in some of the features in this portrait and that engraved in the Monthly Visitor. But, notwithstanding all these very plausible circumstances (the letter from Chatterton's mother stating she had his portrait taken in a red coat, by Morris, is omitted in Mr. Dix's publication), we think the point too important to suffer any disguise of the truth. The history of our literature, the histories of our great men, forbid the imposition. We are sorry therefore to be obliged to state that the portrait is the portrait of the son of Morris the painter, taken when he was thirteen, and that this was written at the back of it, totidem verbis, We think it right to give, as we have permission, our authority-after which all we can say is, 'Qui vult decipi, decipiatur.' We cannot do better than print the following letter, which has been forwarded to us through a friend of the writer himself. "MY DEAR.. "Nov. 23, 1837. Bristol. "For a wonder I did not come to town yesterday, or I would have replied to your note by the bearer. You therein ask me to state what I know concerning the portrait of Chatterton, lately published by Mr. Dix. I will tell you about 25 years ago I became impressed with a notion that I had a taste for pictures, and fancied, like all so impressed, that I had only to rummage brokers' shops to possess myself of gems and hidden treasures without number, which illusions a little practical knowIt happened that a ledge soon dismissed with costs. gentleman in whose house I then resided (being at that time a bachelor), became touched with the same mania, and in one of his peregrinations picked up the picture you mention of a broker in Castle Ditch, at a house near the Castle and Ball tavern, and the broker's name was Wil liam Bear. At the back of the portrait was written with a brush, F. MORRIS, aged thirteen, as well as I can recollect. The gentleman who purchased it, in a playful mood said, that portrait will do for Chatterton, and immediately placed the name of Chatterton over that of F. Morris. What became of it afterwards, or how it came into the hands of the present possessor, I am quite ignorant. While in the hands of the gentleman above mentioned, I showed it to Mr. Stewart, the portrait painter, who recognised it at once as the portrait of young Morris, the son of Morris the portrait painter. That is all I know about it, and you are at liberty to make what use you please of it. "I am, yours truly, "GEO. BURGE.'" Mr. Eagles in his review, says: "The disappointment to the amiable possessor (Mr. Brakenridge) cannot be small. That gentleman is himself deeply learned in antiquities, and has collected at a great expence and constant research curiosities without number, and of great value. But the object of an antiquary being to discover truth, not to treasure impositions, we think he will not be displeased at being now enabled to weed his collection of that which injures the whole by standing among realities with a false value and a mis nomer. After this clear exposition, I think we arrive at the conclusion that there is not any genuine portrait of Chatterton now in existence. May I be allowed to say a few words on the Rowleian and Chattertonian controversy. A reviewer of Professor Masson's lecture upon Chatterton, recently published, says, that "Chatterton is one of those personages whom the general world knows more by allusion than by acquaintance. Every one can talk of the marvellous boy,' but few read Rowley's Poems, or know much more about their author than that he ran away from Bristol, and met with a premature death in London," I am glad, however, to observe there is a revival of the controversy in Professor Masson's lectures, and in Chatterton, an Essay, by the Rev. Dr. Maitland, of Gloucester, just published by the Rivingtons. The Bristolians also were fully alive to the subject, both in lectures and communications to their newspapers. The professor is a Chattertonian, Dr. Maitland a decided Rowleian. In the hands of two such able disputants some truths may be elicited. I shall watch the controversy with much anxiety. My age precludes me from entering into it, but if it proceeds I may be induced to make public the contents of some MSS. in my possession, written by cotemporaries of Chatterton. In conclusion, I will with Dr. Maitland"entreat archæologists, not only at Bristol, but also, and perhaps still more particularly, in the northern part of England, not to allow the notion of forgery to prevent their keeping a look out for 'OLD ROWLEY,' and just acquainting themselves with the painted portrait (disfigured though it be), which has come down to us, so that they may know him, if they meet him." J. M. G. Worcester. GENTOO. (2nd S. iii. 12.) In Todd's edition of Johnson's Dictionary, that editor cites Halhed as saying that in Sanscrit the word gent means animal, and in a more confined sense mankind; and that the Portuguese hearing the word used by the natives, in the last sense, may have supposed it to be the name for the nation. He adds, "Perhaps also their bigotry might force from the word Gentoo a fanciful allusion to Gentile, a Pagan."-Pref. to Code of Gentoo Laws. your It is possible that Halhed may have hit upon the common source of the Latin gens, genus, and kindred Greek words, which, if it be so, has led through this channel to the formation of the word Gentile, in Portuguese Gentio. I need not tell readers that heathen is formed out of the Greek for nations, and Gentile out of the corresponding Latin word, and that neither of these terms was reproachful in its origin. It was simply because all the nations except that of Israel were left for a time without the knowledge of the true God, that whatever term was equivalent to nations became equivalent in a Jewish hearer's mind to worshippers of false gods; and whereas after the nations of the Roman world had become united with the Jews in acknowledging one God, the worship of their false gods lingered in villages, where ministers of religion were not generally placed, till rulers acknowledged the duty of providing religious instruction for all their subjects, the word Pagans, previously meaning villagers, took the place of heathens and Gentiles, though it did not | entirely supersede those older terms. With us, contrary to the general habit of our language, the words of Greek origin have become much more popular, in this instance, than the Latin word, though Gentile occurs so frequently in our Bibles; where, I suspect, that the uneducated classes regard it as a national appellation. Their Shem forefathers used the word theoda, i. e. nations; and our German kinsmen use heiden, from the same Greek source as our heathen. The French say Payens from Pagan. The Portuguese keep to the word of Latin source, Gentio; and use that word for worshippers of idols, to distinguish them from the Mahometans, who acknowledge one God. That the word Gentio, or Gentoo, was employed by their early writers on Indian discoveries, to denote a religious, and not a national distinction, is evident from De Barros' history of the progress of their discoveries along the western coast of Africa, where, cap. vii., he tells how a chieftain was described by an African narrator as being neither a Moor (i. e. a Mahometan) nor a Gentoo, but one whose customs were in many things like those of Christians. Whilst when Vasco da Gama had passed round the Cape as far as Melinda, his vessels were visited by Mahometans who had come from the kingdom of Cambaia, and had with them certain "Banyans of the Gentoos of Cambaia," who seeing an image of Our Lady, says De Barros, made offerings to it of cloves and other spicery, with which the Portuguese were much pleased, as thinking this indicated that they were Christians. HENRY WALTER. In the absence of any means of ascertaining what Hindoostanee characters this word is intended to represent, I would nevertheless suggest that it and Hindoo are but two attempts at rendering the same Asiatic word into European cha racters: the gutturals being more strongly enunciated in one case than in the other. Every book almost, of Eastern travel, spells certain words differently to its predecessor: thus we have Genie and djin; vizir and wuzeer; durweesh (Crescent and Cross), dervich (Vathek), and dervish; pacha and bashaw; Mahomet and Mohammed; soldan and sultan, &c. So also in Scripture names, the Hebrew words are rendered very differently in the authorised version and in the LXX. Thus we have in the former, Ai, Zoar, Nun, &c., where the latter has, 'Ayyai, Zńywp, Navi, &c. J. EASTWOOD. Gilchrist, in preface (p. xviii.) to his Dictionary (Hind. Dict., Calcutta, 1787), says: "From Hindoo I have traced Gentoo in the Grammar (p. 28. q. v.), with more reason I believe than deducing it from Gentile, a word that neither we, nor the Portuguese, could well corrupt to Gentoo, which not being adopted by the natives at all, can hardly be deemed one In his Grammar, he says: "The word Gentoo has puzzled me, and perhaps others, Todd (Johnson), quoting Halhed (Code of It gives me peculiar pleasure to "confer a very great favour" on J. O. HALLIWELL, whose praise is with all antiquaries. I am the fortunate pos- sessor of three different editions of that rare and curious volume, The Shephardes Kalendar. Ca- pitulo xlvij. is "Of an assaute ageinst a Snayle." Only one of these editions has the woodcut. It is a walled city upon one of the towers is a snail, head out, horns up, and a woman with several The Woman speketh with an hardy courage. "Go out of this place thou right vgly beast Which of the vynes, the burgenings doth eate And buddes of trees both more and least In dewy mornynges, ageynst the weate Out of this place, or shall thee sore beate With my distaffe, betwene thy hornes twayne That it shall sowne into the Realme of Spayne. And from this place, out fast loke that thou ryn Or with our sharpe wepons, wee shall the fray And take the castell that thou lyest in We shall the flay, out of thy foule skyn And in a dyshe, with onyons and peper We shall the dresse, and with stronge vyneger. There was neuer yet any Lumbarde That dyd thee eate, in such manar of wyse And let vs haue thys towre that we come tyll. "The Snayle speketh. I am a beast of right great marueyle I am neither fleshe, ne bone to auayle our olden literature,-astronomy, philosophy, "The "Ceci, je la répéte, est pour moi une enigme que je There may be some connexion between this "Snail, snail, come out of your hole, Or else I'll beat you as black as a coal." In "Artillery-place" in Westminster, the men In 1548 the vestry of St. Margaret's paid Mr. "For making clean 11 pair of harness 9 daggers and 8 In 1562, the church possessed a streamer of white sarcenet, with a white cross; 10 pair of almayne rivelets, 1 harness for a horseman, 6 black bills, 16 arming swords, 7 sheaves of arrows and 6 daggers. Another inventory, of the date of 1628, enumerates co. of Wicklow (next brother of Sir Henry Parnell, afterwards Lord Congleton). F. University Books (2nd S. ii. 31.)-W. (Bombay) will find a ready access to the University matriculation books and lists of Graduates, at Oxford, by application to the Rev. Dr. Bliss, keeper of the archives at Cambridge, to Mr. Romilly of Tri “1 drum was buckram case and 2 brass sticks, 1 ancient and staff, 9 corslets furnished, 1 armour for a horseman, with sword and dagger, 1 musket with a rest, 12 cullivers, 11 flasks, 9 toucht oxes, 12 swords, 9 daggers, 2 leather belts, 3 pair of old hangers, 1 waist girdle, I goodnity College. The "usual fees" depend on the piece for a horseman, 7 headpieces for shot, 2 black bills, 2 old pilles having no heads." By an agreement, May 20, 1668, the tenant was to be allowed 20s. out of his rent to keep the shooting house in Tothill Fields in repair, and make a new pair of butts, all dice and billiards being prohibited. By a Vestry Order, Oct. 31, 1667, "All the arms, both offensive and defensive, then remaining in the dark Vestry for their better preservation were removed to the house newly erected in the Artillery ground in Tothill Fields." Steele, in The Tutler, says: "You shall have a fellow of a desperate fortune, for the gain of one half crown, go through all the dangers of Tothill Fields or the artillery ground, clap his right jaw within two inches of the touch hole of a musket, fire it off with a huzza with as little concern as he tears a pullet." In 1559, the city of London furnished 600 men "in broad blue cloaks garded with red," in harness, with "pikes, and guns and bows and bills." And for the siege of Calais, St. Margaret's sent out her levy on Jan. 7; and in the last year of Q. Mary, 5 soldiers to Portsmouth at a cost of 33s. 4d. In the 1 Macc. vi. 51, it is said, "He set their artillery with engines; and though in the passage of the Book of Samuel cited by your correspondents, the word stands obviously for the archer's weapons, yet here it includes the harness and equipment of a man-at-arms: and this appears borne out by the cotemporary passages which I have quoted. MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. Replies to Minor Queries. "Maurice and Berghetta" (2nd S. ii. 450.) The author was the late Wm. Parnell, Esq., M.P., time and labour occupied in the search required; but I can safely assure W. that this is a subject on which he need entertain no very formidable apprehensions. J. M. H. O. "Not lost, but gone before" (2nd S. iii. 12.) — 1 Thess. iv. 14. (Anon.): "Say, why should friendship grieve for those, Who safe arrive on Canaan's shore? Released from all their hurtful foes, They are not lost but gone before. "How many painful days on earth, Their fainting spirits number'd o'er ! Now they enjoy a heav'nly birth, They are not lost but gone before. "Dear is the spot where Christians sleep, And sweet the strain which angels pour; Oh, why should we in anguish weep? They are not lost- but gone before. "Secure from every mortal care, By sin and sorrow vexed no more, Eternal happiness they share, Who are not lost but gone before. "To Zion's peaceful courts above, In faith triumphant may we soar, Embracing in the arms of love The friends not lost but gone before. To friends not lost- but gone before." I find these lines in R. A. Smith's Edinburgh Harmony, 1829, where they are stated to be anonyexpression, but adopted it as a burden to a few The author probably did not originate the charming stanzas. mous. St. John's Wood. S. U. U. be directed to a hemistich almost identical, and to I know not whether it will satisfy MINIMUS to the same purport, as that about which he inquires; but I copied, some years since, a quaint epitaph in Westminster Cloisters, of date 1621, as follows: "With diligence, and trust, most exemplary Did Gabriel Laurence serve a Prebendary. And for his paines (now passed before— not lost) Gained this remembrance at his Master's cost. Oh, read these lines againe, you seldom find A Servant faithful, and a master Kind. "Short-hand he wrote his flow'r in prime did fade, And hasty Death, short-hand of him hath made, Well couth he numbers, and well measured land. Thus doth he now that groud whereon you stand, |