"Are fluttered, as they speed along the plain." Most editions, it is true, read "wing the wind;" but he was a sore zoologist that made this correction; for he might as well have said that a greyhound as that an ostrich winged the wind. It was not altogether fair to seek to make Shakspeare guilty of such ignorance; had wing been in the original text, it would have been a different matter. This however is all by the way: the real difficulty is in bated, evidently the past part. of the verb to bate; which, in falconry, signified to flap the wings in order to dry them after bathing. Is it not then quite clear that to give sense to the passage, we must either take bated in the sense of bating, or change it to bating?

"When I have decked the sea with drops full salt, Under my burden groaned," Tempest, Act I. Sc. 2. It is thus it must be pointed, as it is parenthetic, and there are three ways in which it may be reduced to sense. One is to take groaned in the sense of groaning; another to read groaning, and a third to read in the first line who for have. In this last case it may be observed, that this use of the compound for the definite preterite is very rare. I cannot recollect another instance of it in Shakspeare; but I have met with the following in the Knight of the Burning Pestle :

TEMPLAR.

Cripplegate. I find the following Norwegian legend quoted in Forest Scenes in Norway and Sweden, by the Rev. H. Newland, London, G. Routledge, 1854:

"There was a man in Walland so great a cripple that he was obliged to go on his hands and knees, and it was revealed to him that if he should go to St. Olaf's Church, in London, he should be healed. How he got there I cannot tell you; but he did, and he was crawling along and the boys were laughing at him, as he asked them

which was St. Olaf's Church, when a man dressed in blue, and carrying an axe on his shoulder, said, 'Come with me, for I have become a countryman of yours.' So he took up the cripple, and carried him through the streets, and placed him on the steps of the church. Much difficulty had the poor man to crawl up the steps; but when he arrived at the top, he rose up straight and whole, and walked to the altar to give thanks; but the man with the battle-axe had vanished, and was never seen more; and the people thought it was the blessed St. Olaf himfound Cripplegate,' and so they tell me it is called to this self, and they called the place where the cripple was day."

HENRY KENSINGTON.

66

Montgomery's "Incognita." The exquisite stanzas bearing this title will be remembered by every reader of Montgomery's poems. The lines comparing the dead to stars unseen by day," was often in the mouth of Moore: but my present purpose is less the poem than the picture to which it refers. The poet first saw this portrait of an "Unknown Lady" at Leamington, in Warwickshire, from whence it came into his own possession, and adorned his drawing-room at "The Mount, which it passed into the possession of his niece, near Sheffield," till the time of his death; after Mrs. Foster, of Artillery Road, Woolwich, who, I am sure, would be glad to show it to any artist or other gentleman taking an interest in the subject. Of the artistic merits of the picture I am incompetent to speak, beyond my intimate knowledge of the fact that the poet's admiration of its quiet beauty was justified by the opinion of good judges. As it is now within such easy reach of London, I would fain hope that some person seeing it will be able to identify the artist, if not the subject, supposed to have been one of the Knightly family.

N. D.

"On board the Mexican steamer is a barometer of the

most simple construction, but of the greatest accuracy. It consists only of a long strip of cedar, very thin, about two and a half feet in length, about an inch wide, cut with the grain, and set in a block, a foot thick. This cedar strip is backed or lined with one of white pine, cut across the grain, and the two are tightly glued together. bend these when dry is to snap them, but on the approach of bad weather, the cedar curls over until the top at times touches the ground. This simple instrument is the invention of a Mexican guitar maker, and such is its accuracy, that it will indicate the coming on of a 'norther

Το

The Sound Dues. — I do not know exactly the antiquity, as a payment to the King of Denmark, of what are called the SOUND DUES. If the following short passage in the Itinerarium Willelmi de Worcestre, published by Nasmith, may be relied upon (p. 316.), they are of no older date than the fifteenth century:

“Elsynburg sunt duo Castra ex opposito parte maris Elsyngnore). scituata per duo miliaria distancia in patria vocata Seland; et regina Philippa fecit Statutum quod omnis navis, transiens intra castella super aquam Maris vocatam Nortesounde, solvet quælibet navis unum Utre auri Regi Denmark pro tributo, et salvo velabit, aliter enim Navis forisfactus regi."

Philippa here alluded to was the youngest daughter of our Henry IV., who was sent into Denmark in the year 1405, the fifth of her father's reign, and there espoused Eric X.

Walsingham, p. 418., under that year, says: "In festo Conceptionis Sanctæ Mariæ, domina Regis filia præconis voce proclamata est Regina Dacia, Norwegia, Suauiæ sive Suecia, in præsentia nuntiorum qui

eam venerant petituri."

Hall puts this marriage in Henry's seventh year (edit. 1548, fol. 26. b.). He says:

"In this yere Kyng Henry, not onely desiryng newe affinitie with forein princes, but also the preferment of his line and progeny, sent the Lady Phylip, his yonger doughter, to Ericke kyng of Denmark, Norway, and Swethen, which was conveighed thither with great pompe, and there with muche triumphe maried to the said kyng, where she tasted both welthe and wo, joye and pain.'

H. E. "The Child of France."- As it may be asked some years hence, why the above term was applied to the Imperial Prince, M. De Villemain's explanation should not be forgotten: "Because he is the grandson of Universal Suffrage." W. W. Malta.

Queries.

THE EARTH'S GYRATION.

In reading over the Commentary of the learned "Davidis Parei in Divinam ad Hebræos S. Pauli Apostoli Epistolam," I made a note of the following illustration of chaps. i. and x. :

"Fundasti terram, h. e. creasti, et sua gravitate, quasi basin universi, immobilem imo loco fixisti. Metaphora ab ædificio: quod fundamento immoto innititur. Unde false quorundam hypotheses de gyratione terre circa solem refutantur. Ut enim architectus, ædificaturus domu', primo supponit fundamentum: ita Deus universi fundamentum primo posuit terram."- Ed. Geneva, 1614.

If the above can be taken as (at that period) a fair specimen of the views of Protestants regarding the gyration of the earth round the sun, our

wonder at the charge of heresy being preferred by the Romish Church against Galileo in 1633, in consequence of the boldness of his ideas in physics, must be considerably modified. It would appear that although Copernicus published his system in 1543, yet it was first explained to the Germans by Duncan Liddell, who was at one time a teacher at Rostock, and ultimately a Professor at Helmstädt, towards the end of the sixteenth century. Tycho Brahé was contemporary and intimate with Liddell discussions regarding the earth's gyration must, consequently, have been general and frequent throughout Germany while our author was working at his Commentary.

:

Is it probable that our author, along with other Protestant clergymen, would be the first in their expositions of the sacred text to stigmatise as motion? And is it probable, moreover, that the false the Copernican views regarding the earth's Romish priesthood, in their endeavours to restore Galileo to greater soundness of faith, were, after all, only taking a leaf out of the views of the Reformed Church? Can any of your readers inform me at what time Protestant clergymen in Germany and Britain began generally to adopt the true theory of the earth's motion in their expositions of the Bible? JOHN HUSBAND.

Minor Queries.

Mist's and Fog's Journal. Is it allowable to ask questions about the Quarterly Review? I have been much amused by a paper in the present Number on "English Political Satires," and in the course of his narrative the writer speaks of "Mist's, afterwards Fog's' Journal." Was the Quarterly Homer nodding when he wrote thus, or did the Journal — which was once "Mist's," eventually become "Fog's?"

In Timperley's Encyclopædia we read of the 1st No. of Mist's Journal being published on the 6th Dec. 1714, and that Mist died on the 20th Sept. 1737. The Journal, we know, was subject to severe prosecutions; but had it ceased to appear before 1729, when we read:

"1729, April 5, Fog's Weekly Journal, No. 28. This paper was written in opposition to the Government, and became so popular that it continued to be published for nearly eight years."?

What say the learned contributors of "N. & Q?" What says MR. CROSSLEY of Manchester, who probably knows more upon such points of our literary history than any other collector or student of the present day?

F. J.

"Carry me out and bury me decently."-Do any of your correspondents recollect to have heard this phrase used as a kind of interjectional exclamation or objurgation? The way in which I

Guernezey with Inglish commodyties, for the retorne of Spanyshe commodyties during the time of this present restreynt," proceeds to make certain regulations. The first of which is

"That every subject of the Queene's Majesty maye shippe and transport to the Island of Garnesey out of this realme in English vessels all manner of commodyties of this Realme usuallie shipped for Spayne, Portingall, and Fraunce, except such as be prohibited by the Lawes of this Realme."

For the due observation of the order, certain authorities are given to "John Marshe, Esquier, Governor unto the Company of the Merchaunt Adventurers, Thomas Aldersey, William Towersonne, and Richard Boudler, Merchaunts adventurers; Robert Love, William Wydnell, Thomas Bramley, and Richard Stap, Merchaunts trading Spayne."

There is a proviso containing a saving in favour of goods shipped under certain former orders. Query, What is the date of this order? Am I correct in supposing it to be 1571 ? MELETES. "Pupilla Oculi.". I have a MS. copy of J. de Burgh's Pupilla Oculi, of about the beginning of the fifteenth century. He was rector of Collingham in 1385, and Chancellor of Cambridge.

1. Did he write any more books?

2. The colophon of my MS. is "IIunc tractatum compilavit Johannes de Burgo, rector ecclesiæ de Collingham: cujus animæ propitietur Deus. Amen." Does this occur in the printed copy by Hopyl, 1510?

3. The book has belonged to various Welchmen, but more anciently to some church. "Iste liber pertinet ecclesia Sancti Sainellio (or Daniellio)." Is there any church in Wales dedicated to S. Daniel, or one of a similar name?

J. C. J. Bolton Abbey. On the west front of Bolton Abbey, built by Prior Moone in 1520, there are two sculptured quadrupeds. Do they represent the greyhounds who pulled the "Boy of Egremond" into the "strid," or wolves, in honour of Earl Hugh Lupus? Mr. J. H. Dixon, in his Stories of the Craven Dales, thinks they are the arms of William de Meschines (i. e. de mes chiens); but this cannot be, unless his arms were different from those of his elder brother Ranulph, who succeeded his cousin Richard, only son of Hugh, in the earldom of Chester, which were "Or, a lion rampant, his tail erected, gu." Those of Hugh Lupus were "Az, a wolf's head erased, ar." R. W. DIXON.

Seaton Carew, co. Durham. Passage in Malebranche. In a Letter to Dr. Priestley, London, 1789, is the following:

-

"Malebranche held rightly that as spirit preceded matter, all the qualities of spirit must also have been more ancient than those of matter; and, consequently,

Line in Chaucer.-Some of your readers may possibly be well enough acquainted with Chaucer

to tell me where a line of his is to be found con

taining the words, "Keep the narrow path," or but not of the exact words. "Keep the highway." I am certain of the sense, K. I. C.

Ghost Stories wanted. I shall be glad to be referred to any account of the ghost of James Simpson, a stocking-weaver, which appeared at Manchester about forty years ago, and predicted something about the spots in the sun. Also of a ghost which appeared recently at Tew.

T. B.

Omnium Gatherum. - Does any body know when, and by whom, the term "Omnium gatherum" was first used in print? I think I know myself, but I should be glad to exercise other people's ingenuity first of all. H. L. J.

Tolbooth. - Will any of your philologists give me the derivation of this word? I had thought that the use of the term was confined to Scotland, but in Strype's Life of Whitgift, vol. i., it occurs in the following extract from the Register of the University of Cambridge, A.D. 1572, Jan. 27.:

"Johannes Browning, M.A., et socius collegii S. Trinitatis per D. Vice-Cancellarium, de assensu præpositorum scil. D.D. Pearne, Hawford, Kelke, Mey, Whitgyfte, Harvey, Shepherd, Goade, Aldriche, committitur carceri le Talbothe eo quod prohibitur p. D. Whitgyfte deputatum D. Vice-Cancellarii ne concionaretur, quia accusabatur de suspicione corruptæ doctrinæ per ipsum prolata, eâ tamen prohibitione non obstante concionatus

est."

M. W. J. A.

To be worth a Plum. Can anyone furnish an explanation of this expression? The word plum, in the usually received acceptation of 100,000l., first came under lexicographical cognizance, I believe, in Johnson's Dictionary. He speaks of it as used "in the cant of the city," and gives quota

tions from Addison, Prior, &c., to show how the word was employed. No one of these quotations, however, indicates the amount, nor gives the slightest notion of the origin of the peculiar application of the word. Thus Prior says:

"The miser must make up his plum,

And dares not touch the hoarded sum." Richardson (sub voce) intimates that no explanation of the origin of the phrase can be given, but in the Supplement lately published, he hazards the supposition that it means แ (perhaps) a plumper, a plump sum." In Mandeville's notes on his Fable of the Bees, I find a passage which slightly modifies the notion conveyed, by transferring it from the possession to the possessor. "If an ill-natured miser who is almost a plumb, and spends but fifty pounds a year," &c. - P. 83. LETHREDIENSIS.

Rev.

"The Heraldry of Nature. - Who was the author of The Heraldry of Nature? date 1785 — a satirical peerage. ANON. Naylor, a Beneficed Clergyman in Nottinghamshire.—I wish to find the Christian name and benefice of a clergyman of the name of Naylor, who held a living in the county of Nottingham in the first quarter of the seventeenth century. How is this information to be obtained? Perhaps the clerical readers of " N. & Q." in the county of Notts will kindly consult their registers for the Henry Patrick, the father of Bishop Symon Patrick, married the daughter of this Mr. Naylor, about the year 1625. Ā. TAYLOR, M.A.

name.

Minor Queries with Answers. Alchemical and Cabalistic Lore.-I shall feel obliged by any of your correspondents affording me information as to works, in any language, published on alchemy and the Cabala, or kindred subjects. Some, of course, I am already acquainted with; but I am desirous of obtaining all the information I can on these subjects. T. LAMPRAY.

[We will venture to refer our correspondent to Schmieder's Geschichte der Alchemie, 8vo., Halle, 1832, for much information on the subject of alchemy. For lists of works on kindred subjects, he cannot do better than consult the

Bibliotheca Magica et Pneumatica of Dr. J. G. T. Grässe, published at Leipsic in 1843, and the six volumes of Horst's Zauber-Bibliothek, Mainz, 1825.]

"O Sapientia." - If this be the first of seven anthems preceding Christmas, why is the day set for December 16 in the Anglican calendar? The last of the seven, by this arrangement, falls on December 22. Are these anthems used in the cathedrals of England, or anywhere else, in public service? A. C. C.

[The greater antiphons (seven in number) in the Roman calendar are commenced on December 17, and said in the following order up to the 23rd, the day before Christmas Eve: - 17th. O Sapientia. 18th. O Adonai. 19th. O Radix Jesse. 20th. O Clavis David. 21st. O manuel. The Anglican calendar, however, following the Oriens Splendor. 22nd. O Rex Gentium. 23rd. O EmSarum use, commences them on December 16, and ends with the 23rd, probably omitting the 21st, St. Thomas's festival. See Martene, De Antiquis Ecclesiæ Ritibus, lib. iv. p. 90., edit. 1788. A metrical version of these antiphons will be found in The Church Hymnal (Bell and Daldy), and an English translation, with the old Church music, has been published in the Book of Introits, 1847 (Burns). See also The Church Hymn and Tune Book, by W. J. Blew, M.A., and Dr. Gauntlett, 4to. 1852.]

Postage and Bill Stamps.- Who invented the plan of punctured divisions in the sheets of stamps, and what price was given for the patent?

A. A. D.

[Watling Street is the name of one of the four great roads by which the southern part of Britain was formerly traversed. They are named in the Anglo-Saxon Laws, Watlinga Strate, which runs from the coast of Kent through London to Cardigan; Fosse, leading from Cornwall to Lincoln; Hikenilde Strate, leading from St. David's to Tynemouth; and Erminge Stræte, which runs from St. David's to Southampton. The Milky Way is called Watling Street, not only by Chaucer, but by the author of The Complaynt of Scotland, who speaks of the comet as appearing "oft in the quhyt circle, called cir