By giving permission to import foreign Prints, formerly prohibited, the Prussian looms were very soon enabled to produce them in greater quantity and much cheaper than formerly. The number of looms working entirely in Cotton, or Cotton mixed with other materials, has annually increased, being in

Red Yarns, formerly received from the Mediterranean, are now manufactured at Elberfeld, and the raw Cotton of America and the East Indies, spun at Manchester or in the Rhenish Provinces, and tinged at Elberfeld, is re-shipped and sold with profit at Calcutta. The exports of this single article amounted in

A capital of 50,000 dollars, allotted by Government for the support of the weavers who might suffer by the sudden repeal of the prohibition of Twist, has not been touched for a single farthing.

The profits of the trade cleared by this single article are estimated by the author during the year 1827 at more than four million pounds sterling.

The increase of exportation of Manufactured Iron, simultaneous with that of the importation of Cast Iron, shows of how little avail the prohibitory duties of France, Russia, Poland, Austria, and other States have been. The impediments thrown in the way of the exportation of engines and machinery from England to Prussia, have led to no other result than to the establishment of different flourishing manufactures of machines in the latter country. 3. Corn.-The exportation of this necessary article has been very small during the last-mentioned years, principally on account of the greater comfort and superior nourishment of the people in Prussia. This could only take place by the progress of the manufactures, which has been accelerated by the artificial price of wheat raised in England and France, through their corn-laws. Let England, which cannot receive the quarter of wheat for less than 42 shillings from Prussia, persist some years more in maintaining its corn-bill, and its high duties on this article, and Prussia and Germany will have outstripped it in many more branches of commerce, formerly the exclusive property of this country.

4. Timber.-The highly charged Baltic Timber, much preferable to that of Canada for any purpose of naval architecture, has been driven from the English market to France and other southern countries, formerly provided with this commodity from England,

5. Linen.

5. Linen. Only the quantities of Yarn imported and exported (the exportation being charged with a trifling duty) can be given, those of manufactured Linen, being free of any duty, are unknown. The fine Linen Yarn spun by the hand in Westphalia, where spinning is taught in schools established for this purpose, is still maintaining its precedence. During the exposition of 1827 of the products of industry, 2400 ells (1600 yards) of Yarn, spun by a widow near Minden, weighing not more than the 128th part of a pound, were generally admired for the equality and fineness of the thread.

One manufacturer of Linen, Mr. Kramsta, at Freiberg, exported in the year 1827 far more than 300,000 pounds sterling of this single article.

6. Gunpowder. The exportation of Powder, the preference of which to the French gunpowder is in the proportion of 6 to 5, is still on the increase. 7. Silk. Already in 1821, 8363 looms were working. Since that time the production has been still increasing.

8. Wool. The number of sheep kept in Prussia amounted in 1825 already to 11,606,429, whereof more than half the number had been improved by crossing the breed with Merinos. At present, fifteen millions of sheep at least are found in the monarchy. The imports and exports of Wool from 1822 to 1828, were the following:

-

The yearly produce of Wool amounts at present to 250,000 cwt., of which two-fifths only are unimproved. Part of this Wool, and part of the imported Wool, amounting to 128,000 cwt., was manufactured in 1827 to a value of Cloth of more than six million pounds sterling. Notwithstanding the prohibition of Woollen Wares in Russia and Poland, and in spite of the war raging in Turkey and the Mediterranean, 53,743 cwt. of Cloth and other Woollen goods have been exported in the year 1828. Messrs. Frings, Visseu, & Co. at Aachen, manufactured in ten hours an ell of dyed Circassienne, a broad, from the raw state of the Wool.

9. Wine. The production of this article in the monarchy amounts to more than 1,000,000 pounds sterling.

.

10. Books. The number of Printing Presses amounted in 1825 to 695, that of the Bookbinders to 1446. Notwithstanding the augmentation of these numbers, the importation of Books has increased, as is proved by the following interesting table:

Of these, 93,498 lasts were British and 169,713 Prussian shipping, which may serve to prove how groundless the complaints have been made in parliament on the decrease of

the

This is only the shipping by the Baltic ports, the largest imports and exports of Prussia go down the Elbe, through the port of Hamburgh, and will be found in the English tables under the head of Germany.

The Prussian fairs at Frankfort on the Oder and at Naumburg, formerly shut against foreign goods, have prodigiously increased since 1819. In the year 1828, the quantity of imported goods amounted at Frankfort to more than 153,000 cwt., of which more than one third were foreign, and at Naumburg to 29,000 cwt., of which three-fifths came from abroad.

The remarkable growth of opulence and comfort among the lower orders is proved by the increasing consumption of Coffee and Sugar, and by the growing produce of the tax on the different trades and occupations (gewerbe -steuer). This tax has given during the last five years the following results:

Wandering Inns, Ta- Bakers & Trade. Mechanics. Brewers. Millers. Shipping & Totals. Occupations. verns, &c. Butchers. Carriage. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. 1824 575,201 98,936 166,483 335,381 208,975 50,343 175,539 41,492 1,652,551 1825 572,559 100,264 172,170 344,464 207,790 54,638 175,214 28,552 1,655,652 1826 592,361 136,516 181,879 352,899 216,038 59,394 187,757 30,639 1,757,484 1827 626,776 148,590 199,309 365,082 225,092 63,239 200,790 31,870 1,860,750 1828 662,726 160,658 213,342 371,233 232,989 58,666 203,659 32,138 1,935,413

These few lines, sketched out from a mass of information, will serve to prove how much Prussia has been benefited by giving up part of its former prohibitory system, how much more it might gain by throwing away the remaining part, and what an accession of strength its last commercial treaties with Bavaria, Wurtemburg, and Darmstadt, will give to its present commercial system. An example well worthy of imitation among the German States.

Mémoires du Duc de Rovigo, pour servir à l'Histoire de Napoléon. 8 vol. 8vo. Paris 1828-9. Bossange. La Mort du Duc d'Enghien. WHILE Napoleon lived, the actors and accomplices in the assassination of the Duc d'Enghien were apparently forgotten. But Time, who brings all things unto their level,' and deals terrible, though sometimes tardy, justice on the memory of the mightiest, has dispelled the mystery of murder, and devoted the murderers to eternal infamy. The following is an account of that horrible catastrophe, which is worthy of attention from the worshippers of tyranny, and in a particular degree, from the ministers who do not flinch before a few gouttes de sang, when urged by the despot of the day.

The treaty of Amiens had been broken-a conspiracy was forming in England for the overthrow of the Republic, and against the person of the First Consul. The plot was headed by French emigrants, and Georges Coudoudal was charged with its execution, in conjunction with Pichegru. The train was laid; Bonaparte's police discovered that Pichegru, Coudoudal, and their adherents had just landed on the coast of Normandy, that Dumouriez was at Altona, while one of his emissaries, the Count de Moustier, had taken his route towards Ettenheim, a town situated on the right bank of the Rhine, in the duchy of Baden, where the Duc d'Enghien then resided.

the British shipping. The discriminating duties of the French ports have had the consequence, that in 1828, 116 ships laden with salt sailed from Liverpool to the Prussian ports in the Baltic, and not a single one from Noirmoutier, where salt may be had nearly for nothing. By the mere system of reciprocity in trade, England is furnishing eighteen times the value of goods to Prussia than France, with a common border of several hun

dred miles,

Coudoudal

Coudoudal, Moreau, the two Polignacs, the Marquis Rivière, and the greater number of the conspirators were arrested at Paris. Proceedings were commenced against them; but it soon became manifest that Coudoudal and the others were but instruments of some more powerful and important personage, awaiting the favourable moment for declaring himself.

6

'Spies,' says the Duc de Rovigo, were every where appointed; the people of Coudoudal were interrogated, as also those of the house where he had lived, but nothing was elicited. At length two of his servants, examined separately, confessed that every ten or twelve days their master used to be visited by a gentleman of whose name they were ignorant, who might be about 34 or 35 years of age, with bald front, fair hair, of middle height, and ordinarily robust. They stated that he was always well equipped both in linen and clothes, that he must needs have been some great man, because their master always went to receive him at the door, and every one, even Messrs. de Polignac and de Rivière, rose on his entrance, and did not resume their seats till he had left the room; and lastly, because, whenever he came to see Coudoudal, they retired together to a cabinet, where they remained alone till the moment of his departure, when Coudoudal re-conducted him to the door.'

Efforts were made to discover who this personage might be, so much respected by the conspirators. All the princes of the House of Bourbon were called over. The description given by the servants corresponded neither with the age of the Comte d'Artois, nor with the person of the Duc de Berri: the Duc d'Angoulême was in attendance on Louis XVIII. and the Duc de Bourbon was known to be in London. Thus suspicion fell upon the Duc d'Enghien. The Government of Buonaparte, despite of the allegations to the contrary put forth in the Memoirs of the Duc de Rovigo, is proved, as Bourienne has shewn, to have been acquainted with the residence ef the Duc d'Enghien, on the right bank of the Rhine. And no sooner had suspicion fallen on him, than the First Consul dispatched an emissary to Ettenheim, for the purpose of ascertaining what had been the pursuits of the prince during the six months last past. On arriving at Ettenheim, the spy proceeded to make the necessary enquiries, and was informed that the duke lived very privately, that he received a few Emigrés, was fond of hunting; that he had an affaire du cœur with a French lady, the Princess de Rohan Rochefort, who shared his exile; and that he was frequently absent for several days. Here was nothing very conclusive against the prince-but the informer had heard some one pronounce the name of Moustier, as that of a person resident at Ettenheim. This name he confounded, or pretended to confound, with that of General Dumouriez-and from that moment believed no more in the hunting or amatory propensities of the prince, but hastened to Paris with a report, in which he declared that the Duc d'Enghien was leading a mysterious kind of life; that he frequently_received Emigrés, whom he provided with money; that Dumouriez was at Ettenheim, in the capacity of an agent on the part of England; and that the duke was often absent eight, ten, or twelve days, without any one being acquainted with the place of his concealment. Napoleon, according to the Duc de Rovigo, was terrified; Bourienne says that this terror was feigned; but both agree that a council was called, at which he presided, and to which he summoned the two Consuls, Cambacères and Lebrun, Talleyrand, minister of foreign affairs, the chief Judge, and Fouché. Cambacères wished to oppose the arrest and death of the Duc d'Enghien; but Napoleon, alluding to the vote which he had given in the matter of Louis XVI. answered angrily, Vous êtes devenu bien avare du sang des Bourbons—and the arrest was ordered.

The Abbé de Montgaillard in his history of France, the Baron Massias in

the

the pamphlet which he published in 1823, relative to the assassination of the Duc d'Enghien, and the Duc de Rovigo, in his Mémoires, are all unanimous in accusing Talleyrand of having evinced the greatest eagerness in executing the arrest of the prince. On the night of the 15th of August, 1804, d'Enghien was carried off by a detachment of gendarmerie, commanded by Captain Charlot, and under the superior orders of General Ordener. He was taken to Strasbourg, where his arrival was announced by telegraph, and on the morning of the 18th, orders arrived from Paris, commanding his removal to the seat of Government. He arrived there at about eleven in the forenoon on the 24th, but being detained at the barrier till four, it was evening before he reached Vincennes. Towards five o'clock on the same evening, the Duc de Rovigo was summoned to the cabinet of the First Consul, where he received a sealed letter, with orders to take it to the Governor of Paris, General Murat. By this general he was directed to take under his command a brigade of infantry, which was to assemble that night at the barrier of St. Antoine, and with it to be at Vincennes at night-fall. This done, Murat, without losing an instant, appointed a military commission, composed of five colonels of regiments from the garrison of Paris, namely, Guifon, Baraucourt, Bavier, Barrois, and Rabhe, under the presidency of General Hullin, commander of the grenadier footguard of the Consuls; the citizen Autancourt performing the functions of Capitaine rapporteur.

The Duc d'Enghien arrived at Vincennes at seven in the evening, and, exhausted as he was by a long journey hastily performed, and enfeebled for want of food, his examination was immediately commenced. At two in the morning he appeared before the military commission, appointed by Murat, and which, agreeably to the order of convocation, was to judge without adjournment. They were occupied till four. The Duc d'Enghien denied all participation in the conspiracy of Coudoudal; admitted having received money from England, but only to provide for his private expenditure; heroically declared that he had conveyed to that power the intimation of his readiness, not to conspire, but to serve militarily against the enemies of his family-and on these confessions, frankly made, without the production of a single charge, or the examination of a witness against the accused, without having allowed him the privi lege of a defender, the commission unanimously condemned him and scarcely was the sentence pronounced, when it received its execution in the ditch by a party of gendarmes, appointed by the Duc de Rovigo; and the body of the victim, clothed and bleeding, was cast into a pit, which had been dug the night before.

Such was the abominable butchery of d'Enghien; we will now proceed to inquire into the causes which led to an act, unsurpassed in the bloodiest annals of revolutionary barbarity.

The attempt of the 18th Brumaire, had opened to Napoleon the career of coups d'Etat, and the success of that day-the funeral day of republican freedom-having given him the measure of what he might securely dare, had swelled his pride to the hope for undivided rule. From 1802 the objects of the military parvenu were to become possessed of the crown, and to found, in his own favour, a new dynasty, more oppressive than that which had been shaken off by a national concussion, the gory traces of which were yet uneffaced in France. Strong in the devoted attachment of his old companions in arms, and relying through them on the support of the troops, Napoleon beheld no fearful opponents to his designs, save the original republicans, to whom he had always evinced a decided repugnance, and who, if they were not unwilling to re-establish a throne which they had overturned in the blood of the Bourbons, would still claim from the new aspirant oblivion of the past and an assurance of fortune for the future.

Such