形 land. The house, in which his lordship resided, at Westminster, was built by himself. The earth, the stone, the timber, and the shrubs, were all brought from Scotland. So, though his lordship resided in England, his house stood on Scottish ground! Castro, of Portugal, had as lively an affection for Cintra. This was known to his master, the infant Don Lewis ; who, in a letter desiring him to continue his government of Goa, concluded with a hope, that, after he had performed the royal will, he would cover the rocks of Cintra with trophies and chapels, and long enjoy them in tranquillity. Equally lively was the love of General Fraser for the country of his nativity. This officer, who was killed at Saratoga, in the memorable expedition of General Burgoyne, was so warmly attached to his native village, Glendoe, situated two miles from Fort Augustus, in one of the most beautiful parts of the Highlands, that, some little time previous to his fall, he declared to a friend, that he would rather be buried in one of the groves of the mountain, looking towards Loch Ness, than in Westminster Abbey! The Swiss boast of their lakes and mountains; the Cambrian of his vales and valleys; while the Scot mentally beholds with admiration and affection, even at the most distant region of the Antipodes, the windings of the Forth, the waterfalls of the Clyde, and the environs of Perth; the ruins of Iona, the crags of the Hebrides, the romantic scenes of Loch Lomond, and the heaths and glens of the Grampians. Highly affecting is that passage in holy writ, where Jerusalem is represented, as remembering in the days of her affliction, all the pleasant things, that she had in the days of old. And still more affecting is the poem of David, in which are represented the natives of Jerusalem banished, and sitting on the banks of the river of Babylon. Their masters b Lamentations, i. v. 7. Dissert. Portuguese Asia, p. clxv. • Psalm cxxxvii. desire them to play some airs for their pleasure: the exiles return-“ How shall we sing the song of the Lord, in a strange land?" An instance of a similar nature is recorded, by Athenæus, of the Sybarites, who, being enslaved by the Romans, and not only constrained to adopt manners, foreign to their Grecian origin, but even to speak the language of their conquerors, assembled every year, on a particular day, to bewail their condition; and by shedding tears, and uttering lamentations in their original language, endeavoured to keep alive their affection and respect for their unfortunate country. The Moors of Grenada, also, were enjoined by royal edict, neither to dance, or sing, or bathe, or dress, after their own fashion; or use their own language, even with their wives and children. "How can our singing," exclaimed one of their poets, "be agreeable, when its only accompaniment is the sound of the chains and fetters, that bind us?" How beautifully has Virgil alluded to this affection, in that fine passage of the tenth Æneid, where he describes the last moments of the dying Argive ! These lines naturally remind us of the cruelty of Verres.— One of the charges against this governor was, that he had caused a native of Italy to be scourged, in the market-place of Messana, and then to be nailed to a cross, on the seashore aggravating the treatment, by ordering the sufferer's face to be turned towards Italy; that he might have the additional torture of dying in sight of his own home. This circumstance gave ample opportunity for the eloquence of Tully. : The Swedes were so charmed, at having a native of their a None of the translators have preserved the force, the simplicity, and the pathos, of this admirable passage: Sternitur, infelix, alieno vulnere, cœlum Aspicit, et dulces moriens reminiscitur Argos. Virg. Æn.-Quintilian, lib. iv. c. 2. own country for a king,-an indulgence which, before the accession of Gustavus III., they had not, for a long time, enjoyed, that they struck a medal in commemoration of the event, on the reverse of which was this inscription: Fadern's land et, "It is my native land." native land." De Pages assures us, that the Japanese have a law, which forbids every subject to sail out of the sight of land, under penalty of death. Those, therefore, who are driven by a storm to a foreign shore, are obliged to renounce every idea of returning to their native soil. Thus does a law, the most amiable in its origin, operate in its application, in a manner, the most gigantically oppressive, on one of the best feelings of the human heart. The Chinese, also, esteem it a crime to quit their country; and are, therefore, much prejudiced against Europeans, who settle there; because, in doing so, they seem to have abandoned the tombs of their ancestors. Has any one succeeded in the world of commerce, upon the ocean, or in a distant country? with what pleasure does he retire to his native village, to spend the remainder of his days in peaceful retirement ! Cling to thy home!—if there the meanest shed Are we miserable? With what melancholy delight do we recall to mind the few short and happy moments, we have spent, by the side of a cataract, on the banks of a torrent, or beneath the shade of a ruin, in the society of those, we have loved, esteemed, or admired! How grateful is it, too, in those moments of comparative sorrow, when weariness has superseded curiosity, and travelling become irksome or dangerous, to charm away the hours of disgust by recalling, with pensive enthusiasm, the favourite haunts of our youth, or those scenes, to which we are by association peculiarly attached. And how delightful is it, when, journeying in a foreign country, we come unexpectedly to a spot, resembling 'those, which are so indelibly impressed upon the mind, as never to be forgotten. With what rapture did the army of Agricola behold the plain of Perth, and the Tay winding through the midst of it! All those associations, which are so agreeable in a distant land, instantly rising to their memories, they exclaimed with transport," Behold the Tiber! Behold the Campus Martius!" That book of the Pharsalia, where Cæsar, in the palace of the Ptolemies, enquires of Achoreus, the high priest, the source, direction, increase and decrease of the Nile, with their respective causes, is, assuredly, one of the most interesting in all Lucan. Replying to the enquiries of Cæsar, Achoreus enumerates the various opinions, which the most enlightened travellers and philosophers had entertained of the source and causes of the overflow of that river; which the Egyptians, even of the present day, call holy, blessed, and sacred; and on the opening of the canals of which, mothers are seen plunging their children into its stream, from a belief, that the waters have a purifying and divine quality . Memnon consecrated his hair to the Nile; and the Egyptians formerly were accustomed to sacrifice a virgin in its honour every year. There is a fine statue of this river in the Vatican, holding a cornucopia, out of which rises a pyramid, with its feet resting on a crocodile d. Some have attributed its overflowing to the pressure of the planet Mercury upon the fountains; some to the prevalence of the a Lib. x.-Pompon. Mela, de Situ Orbis, lib. i. c. ix. l. 35, &c. Diodorus Siculus, lib. xi.-Senec. Nat. Quæst. b. iv. l. 1, 2.-Claudian. Ep. de Nilo.Consult, also, D'Herbelot's Bibliothèque Orientale, art. Nile, and Niebuhr, Voyage en Arabie, tom. i. p. 100. Some writers have pointed out some resemblances between this river and the Danube: the idea originated with Herodotus. Vide Euterpe, xxxiii. 4. b Travels in Egypt and Syria, vol. i. p. 19. c Moreri Hist. Dict. vol. vii.-Vossius de Idolatria, lib. ii. d For a fine print of this admirable work of art, vide Statue del Museo Pio Clementino, folio, tom. iii. pl. 47; and, for a still more characteristic one, tom. i. pl. 88. Etesian winds; some to the melting of the snows; and others conceived the waters to run from the mountains of Ethiopia. Some imagined, that spacious channels of water rolled under the soil; that the sea insinuated its waves through the pores of the earth; or that the river was fed by the exhalations, which were returned to the ocean, through the medium of the Nile ". The causes are now universally known to be the tropical rains *. Dr. Clarke has observed a curious analogy between the Don and the Nile, in regard to their respective inundations; their aquatic plants; their lapse into the sea by many mouths; their being boundaries to the two quarters of the globe; and the variety of their insects. Strabo compares the Po to the Nile, much after the same manner; and Barrow has remarked several coincidences, in regard to latitude, climate, soil, plants, and animals, between the Nile in the north of Africa, and the Orange River in the south'. Strabo The above-mentioned were the causes, assigned for the increase and diminution of a river, to discover the fountains of which Sesostris and Cambyses sacrificed innumerable men. What those monarchs, with Alexander, Cyrus, Ptolemy a Lucret. lib. vi. 1. 712.-Aulus Gellius says, the Etesian winds blew from several points of the compass. "Etesiæ et prodomi appellantur, qui certo tempore anni quam canis oritur, ex aliâ, atque aliâ parte cœli spirant."-Noct. Att. ii. 22. Upon this passage Grotius remarks, "Hac sententia nihil verius, si modo pro nivibus ponas imbres Æthiopia." Imbres, however, give but a very feeble idea of a monsoon. Strabo, lib. xvii. a The peasantry of Egypt believed the overflowings to be tears, shed by Isis for the loss of Osiris.-Plut. de Isis et Osiris. * Eustathius also attributed them to the rains falling in Ethiopia. f The Tigris and Euphrates, too, overflow annually; caused by the melting of the snows in Armenia. Also the rivers of Cochin China and Tonquin : and the Menam of Siam (the mother of waters). Maximus Tyrius, Dissert. xxv. Arrian and Justin attribute his journey into Africa to other causes.-Arrian, lib. iii. c. 3. Justin, lib. xi. c. 11. Apol |