unite repeated; and repetitions of this kind, joined together, make those distinct simple modes of a dozen, a gross, and a million. Locke. GRO ́SSLY. adv. [from gross.] 1. Bulkily; in bulky parts; coarsely: as, this matter is grossly pulverized. 2. Without subtilty; without art; without delicacy; without refinement ; coarsely; palpably. Such kind of ceremonies as have been so grossly and shamefully abused in the church of Rome, where they remain, are scandalous. Hooker. See it so grossly shown in thy behaviour, Shaksp. What! are we cuckolds ere we have deserv'd it? -Speak not so grossly. Merchant of Venice. What I have said has been forced from me, by seeing a noble sort of poetry so happily restored by one man, and so grossly copied by almost all the rest. Dryden. If I speak of light and rays as endued with colours, I would be understood to speak not philosophically and properly, but grossly, and according to such conceptions as vulgar people would be apt to frame. Newton's Opticks. Swift. While it is so difficult to learn the springs and motives of some facts, it is no wonder they should be so grossly misrepresented to the publick by curious inquisitive heads. GRO ́SSNESS. n. s. [from gross.] 1. Coarseness; not subtilty; thickness; spissitude; density; greatness of parts. The purpose is perspicuous even as substance, Whose grossness little characters sum up. Shak. And I will purge that mortal grossness 50, That thou shalt like an airy spirit go. Shaksp. The cause of the epilepsy from the stomach is the grossness of the vapours which rise and enter into the cells of the brain. Then all this earthy grossness quit; Attir'd with stars we shall for ever sit, Triumphing over death. Bacon Milton. This being the first colour which vapours begin to reflect, it ought to be the colour of the finest and most transparent skies, in which va pours are not arrived to that grossness requisite to reflect other colours. Newton's Opticks. For envy'd wit, like Sol eclips'd, was known Th' opposing body's grossness, not its own. Pope. 2. Inelegant fatness; unwieldy corpulence. Wise men, that be over-fat and fleshy, go to sojourn abroad at the temperate diet of some sober man; and so, by little and little, eat away the that is in them. grossness Ascham. 3. Want of refinement; want of delicacy; intellectual coarseness. I was three or four times in the thought they were not fairies; and yet the guiltiness of my mind drove the grossness of the foppery into a received belief that they were fairies. Shaksp. Whatever beauties it may want, 'tis free at least from the grossness of those faults I mentioned. Dryden. What a grossness is there in the mind of that man, who thinks to reach a lady's heart by wounding her ears! Clarissa. GROT. . s. [grotte, French; grotta, Ital.] Prior. Pope Awful see the Egerian grot. GROTE SQUE. adj. [grotesque, French; grottesco, Italian.] Distorted of figure; unnatural; wildly formed. The champaign head Of a steep wilderness, whose hairy sides There is yet a lower sort of poetry and painting which is out of nature; for a farce is that in poetry which grotesque is in a picture: the persons and actions of a farce are all unnatural, and the manners false, that is, inconsisting with the characters of mankind: grotesque painting is the just resemblance of this." Dryden. An hideous figure of their foes they drew, Nor lines, nor looks, nor shades, nor colours) towant courage, and not dare to shew themselves: 'tis to creep and grovel on the ground. Dryden. 1. To be mean; to be without dignity or elevation. I must disclaim whate'er he can express; Dryden. 9. 1. The earth, considered as superficially Man to till the ground Exodus. None was, and from the earth a dewy mist To their fix'd station, all in bright array, Milton. ground. From the other hill The cherubim descended, on the ground Gliding meteorous. Milton. A black bituminous gürge Boils up from under ground. And yet so nimbly he would bound, Milton. As if he scorn'd to touch the ground. Hudibras. 2. The earth as distinguished from afr or flood Of old Euphrates to the brook that parts Uneasy still within these narrow bounds, The sea o'erflow'd my ground, And my best Flanders mare was drown'd. Milt. 7. The floor or level of the place. Wherefore should I smite thee to the ground? 2 Samuel, Dagon was fallen on his face to the ground. 1 Samuel. A multitude sit on the ground. Matthew, Some part of the month of June, the water of this lake descends under ground, through many great holes at the bottom." Brown. 3. Dregs; lees; feces; that which settles at the bottom of liquors. A well-wrought heaven of silk and gold was spread, Azure the ground, the sun in gold shone bright. Corley. Indeed it was but just that the finest lines in nature should be drawn upon the most durable ground. Pope. Then, wrought into the soul, let virtues shine, The ground eternal, as the work divine. Young. 11. The plain song; the tune on which descants are raised. Get a prayer-book in your hand, lord; For on that ground I'll build a holy descant. Shakspeare's Rithard 111. 12. First hint; first traces of an invention; that which gives occasion to the rest. Though jealousy of state th' invention found, Yet love refin'd upon the former ground; That way, the tyrant had reserv'd to fly, Pursuing hate, now serv'd to bring two lovers nigh. Dryden. 13. The first principles of knowledge. The concords will easily be known, if the fore grounds be thoroughly beaten in. Pref. to Accid Here statesmen, or of them they which can read, May of their occupation find the grounds. Donne The grounds are already laid whereby that is unquestionably resolved; for having granted that God gives sufficient grace, yet when he co-operates most effectually, he doth it not irHammond. resistibly. After evening repasts, 'till bed-time, their thoughts will be best taken up in the easy grounds of religion, and the story of scripture. Milton on Education. 14. The fundamental cause; the true reason; original principle. He desired the steward to tell him particularly the ground and event of this accident. Sidney. Making happiness the ground of his unhappiness, and good news the argument of his sorrow. Sidney. The use and benefit of good laws all that live under them may enjoy with delight and comfort, albeit the grounds and first original causes from whence they have sprung be unknown. Hooker. In the solution of the Sabbatizer's objection, my method shall be to examine, in the first place, the main grounds and principles upon which he buildeth. White. Wilkins. If it be natural, ought we not to conclude that there is some ground and reason for these fears, and that nature hath not planted them in us to no purpose. Tillotson. Thus it appears, that suits at law are not sinful in themselves, but may lawfully be used, if there is no unlawfulness in the ground and way. of management. Kettlewell. Upon that prince's death, although the grounds of our quarrel with France had received no manner of addition, yet this lord thought fit to alter his sentiments. Swift. The miraculous increase of the professors of christianity was without any visible grounds and causes, and contrary to all human probability and appearance. Atterbury. 15. The field or place of action. Here was thy end decreed, when these men Ev'ning mist, Ris'n from a river, o'er the marish glides, Addison's Spectator. 78. The state in which one is with respect to opponents or competitors. Had'st thou sway'd as kings should do, Giving no ground unto the house of York, They never then had sprung. Shaksp. If they get ground and 'vantage of the king," Then join you with them like a rib of steel, To make them stronger. Shaksp. Henry IV. He will stand his ground against all the attacks that can be made upon his probity. Atterbury. Whatever ground we may have gotten upon our enemies, we have gotten none upon our vices, the worst enemies of the two; but are even subdued and led captive by the one, while we triumph so gloriously over the other. Atterb. 19. State of progress or recession. I have known so many great examples of this eure, and heard of its being so familiar in Austria, that I wonder it has gained no more ground in other places. Temple The squirrel is perpetually turning the wheel in her cage: she runs apace, and wearies herself with her continual motion, and gets no ground. Dryden's Dufresney 20. The foil to set a thing off. Like bright metal on a sullen ground, 2. To found, as upon cause, reason, or 3. Wisdom groundeth her laws upon an infallible rule of comparison. Heeker. The church of England, walking in the good and old way of the orthodoxal primitive fathers, groundeth the religious observation of the Lord'sday, and of other christian holidays, upon the natural equity, and not upon the letter of the fourth commandinent. Wbite. Some eminent spirit, having signalized his valour, becomes to have influence on the people, to grow their leader in warlike expeditions; and this is grounded upon the principles of nature and common reason, which, where prudence and courage are required, rather incite us to fly to a single person than a multitude. Swift. To settle in first principles or rudi ments of knowledge. Being rooted and grounded in love. Ephesians. GROUND. The pret. and part. pass. of grind. How dull and rugged, ere 'tis ground And polish'd, looks a diamond. Hudibras. GROUND is much used in composition for that which is next the ground, or near the ground. GROUND-ASH. n. s. A saplin of ash taken from the ground; not a branch cut from a tree. A lance of tough ground-ash the Trojan threw, Rough in the rind, and knotted as it grew. Dryd Some cut the young ashes off about an inch above the ground, which causes them to make very large strait shoots, which they call groundMortimer's Husbandry, asb. GROUND-BAIT. n. 5. [from ground and bait.] A bait made of barley or malt boiled; which, being thrown into the place where you design to angle, sinks to the bottom, and draws the fish to it. Take the depth of the place where you mean after to cast your ground-lait, and to fish. Walt, GROUND-FLOOR. n. s. [ground and floor.] The lower part of a house. GROUND-IVY. n. s. [hedera terrestris, Latin.] Alehoof, or tunhoof. Alehoof or ground-ivy is, in my opinion, of the most excellent use and virtue of any plants Temple among us. GROUND-OAK. n. s. [ground and oak.] If the planting of oaks were more in use for underwoods, it would spoil the cooper's trade for the making of hoops, either of hasel or ash; be use one hoop made of the young shoots of a ground-oak, would outlast six of the best ash. Mortimer. GROUND-PINE. . s. [chamapitys, Lat.] A plant. The whole plant has a very singular smell, resembling that of resin; whence its name groundpine. It grows on dry and barren hills, and in some places on the ditch banks by road sides. Hill. GROUND-PLATE. 2. S. [In architecture.] The outermost pieces of timber lying on or near the ground, and framed into one another with mortises and tenons. In these also are mortises made to receive the tenons of the joists, the summer and girders; and sometimes the trimmers for the stair-case and chimneyway, and the binding joist. Harris. In the orthographical schemes there should be a true delineation, if it be a timber-building, of the several sizes of the ground-plates, breast summers, and beams. Mortimer. GROUND-PLOT. n. s. 1. The ground on which any building is placed. Wretched Gynecia, where can'st thou find any small ground-plot for hope to dwell upon? Sidney. A ground-plot square five hives of bees con tains; Emblems of industry and virtuous gains. Harte. 2. The ichnography of a building. GROUND-RENT. n. s. Rent paid for the privilege of building on another man's ground. A foot in front, and thirty-three five sevenths deep, would bring in a ground-rent of five pounds. Arbuthnot on Coins. The site was neither granted him, nor giv'n; Twas nature's, and the ground-rent due to heav'n. GROUND-ROOM. n. s. level with the ground. Harte. A room on the I beseeched him hereafter to meditate in a ground-room; for that otherwise it would be impossible for an artist of any other kind to live near him. Tatler. GROUNDEDLY. adv. [from grounded.] Upon firm principles. He hath given the first hint of speaking groundadly, and to the purpose, upon this subject. Glany. GROUNDLESS. adj. [from ground.] Void of reason; wanting ground. But when vain doubt and groundless fear Do that dear foolish bosom tear. Prior. We have great reason to look upon the high pretensions which the Roman church makes to miracles as groundless, and to reject her vain and fabulous accounts of them. Atterbury. The party who distinguish themselves by their zeal for the present establishment, should be careful to discover such a reverence for religion, as may shew how groundless that reproach is which is cast upon them, of being averse to our national worship. Freeholder. GROUNDLESSLY.adv. [from groundless.] Without reason; without cause; without just reason. Divers persons have produced the like by spirit of vitriol, or juice of lemons; but have groundlessly ascribed the effect to some peculiar quality of liquors. GROUNDLESSNESS. n. s. [from groundBoyle on Colours. les] Want of just reason. those two He durst not cite the words either of my book or sermons, lest the reader should have discovered the notorious falshood and groundlessness of his calumny. Tillotson GROUNDLING. n. s. [from ground.] A fish which keeps at the bottom of the water; hence one of the low vulgar. Hanmer. It offends me to the soul, to hear a robusteous perriwig-pated fellow tear a passion to tatters, to very rags, to split the ears of the groundlings. Shakspeare's Hamlet. GROUNDLY. adv. [from ground.] Upon principles; solidly; not superficially. Not in use. A man, groundly learned already, may take much profit himself, in using by epitome to draw other men's works, for his own memory sake, into shorter room. Ascham. GROUNDSEL. n. s. [grund and rile, the basis, Saxon, perhaps from sella, Latin.] The timber or raised pavement next the ground. The window-frame hath every one of its lights rabbetted on its outside about half an inch into the frame; and all these rabbets, but that on the groundsel, are grooved square; but the rabbet on the groundsel is levelled downwards, that rain or snow may the freelier fall off. Moxon. GROUNDSEL. n. s. [senecio, Latin.] A plant. GROUNDWORK. n. s. [ground and work.] 1. The ground; the first stratum ; the first part of the whole; that to which the rest is additional. 2. 3. A way there is in heav'n's expanded plain, Which, when the skies are clear, is seen below, And mortals by the name of milky know; The groundwork is of stars. Dryden's Fables. The first part of an undertaking; the fundamentals. The main skill and groundwork will be to temper them such lectures and explanations, upon every opportunity, as may lead and draw them in willing obedience. Milton. First principle; original reason. The groundwork thereof is nevertheless true and certain, however they through ignorance disguise the same, or through vanity. Spenser. The moral is the first business of the poet, as being the groundwork of his instruction. Dryd. GROUP. n. s. [grouppe, French; groppo, Italian.] A crowd; a cluster; a huddle; a number thronged together. In a picture, besides the principal figures. which compose it, and are placed in the midst of it, there are less groups or knots of figures disposed at proper distances, which are parts of the piece, and seem to carry on the same design in a more inferior manner. Dryden's Dufresnoy. I cannot doubt but the poet had here in view the picture of Zetus, in the famous group of figures which represents the two brothers binding Dirce to the horns of a mad bull. Addison. You should try your graving tools On this odious group of fools. Swift. To GROUP. v.a. [groupper, French.] To put into a crowd, to huddie together. The difficulty lies in drawing and disposing, or as the painters term it, in grouping such a mul titude of different objects, preserving still the justice and conformity of style and colouring. Prier. grout; The rest, in cells apart, the liquid nectar shout. Dryden. 3. A kind of wild apple. [agriomelum, Latin.] To GROW. v. n. pret. grew; part. pass. grown. [gnopan, Saxon. groeyen, Dut.] 1. To vegetate; to have vegetable motion; to increase by vegetation. It is not the growing of fruit that nourisheth man; but it is thy word which preserveth them. Wisdom. He causeth the grass to grow for the cattle, and herb for the service of man. Psalms. 2. To be produced by vegetation. In this country groweth abundance of that wood, which since is brought into Europe to die red colours. Abbot. A bag, that groweth in the fields, at the first is hard like a tennis-ball, and white; and after groweth of a mushroom-colour, and full of light dust. Bacon's Nat. History. But say, where grows the tree? from hence how far? In colder regions men compose Poison with art; but here it grows. Milton. Waller. Those tow'rs of oak o'er fertile plains might go, And visit mountains where they once did grow. Waller. 3. To shoot in any particular form. Children, like tender osiers, take the bow: And as they first are fashion'd, always grow. Dryden's Juvenal. 4. To increase in stature. The poor man had nothing, save one little ewe-lamb, which he had bought and reared up; and it grew up together with him and with his children. 2 Samuel. 5. To come to manhood from infancy : commonly followed by up. Now the prince groweth up fast to be a man, and is of a sweet and excellent disposition. Bacon's Advice to Villiers. The main thing to be considered, in every action of a child, is how it will become him when he is bigger, and whither it will lead him when he is grown up. Locke. We are brought into the world children, ignorant and impotent; and we grow up in vanity and folly. Wake. 6. To issue, as plants from a soil, or as branches from the main trunk. They will seem not stuck into him, but growing out of him. Dryden's En. Dedication. 1. To increase in bulk; to become great er, or more numerous. As he grew forward in years he was trained up to learning, under one Pronapides, who taught the Pelasgick letter invented by Linus. Pet 9. To advance to any state. Nature, as it grows again towards earth, Is fashion'd for the journey dull and heavy. Shakipeart They doubted whereunto this would grow Act. The king, by this time, was grotun to such a height of reputation for cunning and policy that every accident and event that went well was hid and imputed to his foresight. Bacon grow', But when to ripen'd manhood he shall The greedy sailor shall the seas forego. Dryden, 10. To come by degrees; to reach any state gradually. After they grew to rest upon number, rather competent than vast, they grew to advantages of place, cunning diversions, and the like; and they gret more skilful in the ordering of their barties. Bacon's Essay Verse, or the other harmony of prose, I have so long studied and practised, that they are gre into a habit, and become familiar to me. Dryi The trespasses of people are grown up to hea ven, and their sins are got beyond all restraints of law and authority. Regents 11. To come forward; to gather ground. Some seeing the end of their government nigh, and troublous practice growing up, which may work trouble to the next governour, will not at tempt redress. Spenser on Ireland Knalle It was now the beginning of October, and winter began to grew fast on: great rain, with terrible thunder and lightning, and mighty te pests, then fell abundantly. 12. To be changed from one state to another; to become either better or worse; to turn. A good man's fortune may grow out at heels. Scipio Nasica feared lest, if the dread of that enemy were taken away, the Romans would grow either to idleness or civil dissension. Abb Hence, hence, and to some barbarous climate fly, Which only brutes in human form does yield, And man grows wild in nature's common field. Dryden The nymph grew pale, and in a mortal fright, Spent with the labour of so long a flight. Dryd Patient of command Locke In time he grew; and growing us'd to hand, He waited at his master's board for food. Dr. We may trade and be busy, and grow poor by it, unless we regulate our expences. You will grow a thing contemptible, unless you can supply the loss of beauty with more durable qualities. Swift. Delos, by being reckoned a sacred place,gre to be a free port, where nations warring traded, Arbuthno as in a neutral country. |