Page 229, line 44. H. C. R. Henry Crabb Robinson (1775-1867), the diarist and the friend of the Lambs until their death. In Crabb Robinson's reminiscences of Lamb is this passage :—

I felt flattered by the being mingled with the other of Lamb's friends under the initials of my name. I mention it as an anecdote which shows that Lamb's reputation was spread even among lawyers, that a 4 guinea brief was brought to me by an Attorney an entire stranger, at the following Assizes, by direction of another Attorney also a stranger, who knew nothing more of me than that I was Elia's H. C. R.

Page 229, line 44. Clarkson. Thomas Clarkson (1760-1846), the great opponent of slavery, whom Lamb met in the Lakes in 1802.

Page, 230, line 2. Dyer. George Dyer (1755-1841), whom we meet so often in Lamb's writings (see "Oxford in the Vacation," Vol. II., ., page 10, "Amicus Redivivus," page 209, and notes).

Page 230, line 3. The veteran Colonel. Colonel Phillips, Admiral Burney's brother-in-law. He married Susanna Burney, who died in 1800. Phillips, once an officer in the Marines, had sailed with Cook, and was a witness of his death. He had known Dr. Johnson, and a letter on the great man from his pen is printed in J. T. Smith's Book for a Rainy Day.

Page 230, line 5. W. A. William Ayrton (1777-1858), the musical critic; in Hazlitt's phrase, "the Will Honeycomb of our set." Page 230, line 8. Admiral Burney. Rear-Admiral Burney (17501821), brother of Fanny Burney, Madame D'Arblay (see note to "The Wedding," Vol. II.). The Admiral lived in Little James Street, Pimlico. For a further account of this circle of friends see Hazlitt's essay "On the Conversation of Authors" (The Plain Speaker). Hazlitt's own share in the gathering ceased after an unfortunate discussion of Fanny Burney's Wanderer, which Hazlitt condemned in terms that her brother, the Admiral, could not forgive. Hence, perhaps, to some extent, Hazlitt's description of the old seaman as one who "had you at an advantage by never understanding you." Later, in his essay "On the Pleasures of Hating," also in The Plain Speaker, Hazlitt wrote :—

What is become of "that set of whist-players," celebrated by ELIA in his notable Epistle to Robert Southey, Esq. (and now I think of it-that I myself have celebrated in this very volume), "that for so many years called Admiral Burney friend?" They are scattered, like last year's snow. Some of them are dead, or gone to live at a distance, or pass one

another in the street like strangers, or if they stop to speak, do it as coolly and try to cut one another as soon as possible. Some of us have grown rich, others poor. Some have got places under Government, others a niche in the Quarterly Review. Some of us have dearly earned a name in the world; whilst others remain in their original privacy. We despise the one, and envy and are glad to mortify the other.

On the next page Hazlitt added :—

I think I must be friends with Lamb again, since he has written that magnanimous Letter to Southey, and told him a piece of his mind!

It was very soon after that Hazlitt began to visit the Lambs once more; and they never were on bad terms again.

Page 230, line 14. Authors of "Rimini" and "Table Talk." Leigh Hunt (1784-1859), whose Story of Rimini was published in 1816; and William Hazlitt (1778-1830), whose Table Talk, first series, which appeared in the London Magazine, was published in 1821-1822; other series coming later.

Michaelis and Lardner.

Page 230, quotation. "This is the wandering wood . . ." See the Faerie Queen, Book I., Canto I., Stanza 13. Page 230, fourth line from foot. Johann David Michaelis (1717-1791), the biblical scholar. Nathaniel Lardner (1684-1768), whose great work was The Credibility of the Gospel History.

Page 231, line 4. "Quarterly Review" for July. A slip of the pen for January.

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Page 231, line 5. 'Here," say you Southey's article to which Lamb refers :

This is the passage in

But if the sincere inquirer would see the authenticity of the Gospels proved by a chain of testimony, step by step, through all ages, from the days of the Apostles, he is referred to the exact and diligent Lardner. Even then, perhaps, it may surprize him to be told that more critical labour, and that too of a severer kind, has been bestowed upon the New Testament, than upon all other books of all ages and countries; that there is not a difficult text, a disputed meaning, or doubtful word, which has not been investigated, not only through every accessible manuscript, but through every ancient version; and that the most profound and laborious scholars whom the world ever produced, generation after generation, have devoted themselves to these researches, and past in them their patient, meritorious, and honourable lives. Let him read Michaelis's Introduction to the New Testament, and he will be satisfied that there is no exaggeration in this statement. The unwearied diligence, the profound sagacity, and the comprehensive erudition with which the New Testament has been scrutinized, and its authenticity ascertained, cannot be estimated too highly; and we will boldly assert, cannot possibly have been conceived by any person unacquainted with biblical studies. But here, as in the history of the Mosaic dispensation, if the books are authentic, the events which they relate must be true; if they were written by the evangelists, Christ is our Redeemer and our God:--there is no other possible conclusion.

Page 231, twelfth line from foot. The poor child. Thornton Leigh Hunt, who afterwards became a journalist, dying in 1873, was born in 1810. Lamb was very fond of this little boy, whom he first saw when he visited Leigh Hunt in prison (1813-1815). He addressed a poem

to him (see Vol. V. of this edition, page 35), ending :

Page 232, line 4.

Thornton Hunt, my favourite child.

Thomas Holcroft. Thomas Holcroft (1745-1809), the playwright and miscellaneous author, one of Lamb's friends, was a republican and a freethinker.

Page 232, line 9. Accident introduced me . . The first literary connection between Lamb and Leigh Hunt was set up by The Reflector (see note on page 403). Leigh Hunt, however, tells us in his Autobiography that he had as a schoolboy at Christ's Hospital seen Lamb-then an old boy: he was by nine and a half years Hunt's senior. Probably Lamb's first real intimacy with Leigh Hunt began with Lamb's visits to him in prison, 1813-1815.

Page 232, line 18. An equivocal term. Hunt's Story of Rimini was reviewed, with Maga's deepest scorn, in Blackwood for November, 1817, under the heading, "The Cockney School of Poetry." Precisely what was the equivocal term referred to by Lamb I do not discover; but unfair emphasis was laid by the reviewer on the poem's alleged incestuous character.

Page 232, line 33. His handwriting. In the postscript to his

private letter (of apology) to Southey (see p. 479), Lamb took this back.

Page 232, sixth line from foot. The "Political Justice." Godwin's Enquiry into Political Justice, 1793, wherein the marriage ceremony meets with little respect.

Page 233, line 4. Sundry harsh things . . . against our friend C. Perhaps a reference to The Examiner's criticism of Remorse, in 1813. Coleridge, writing to Southey about it, says:—

They were forced to affect admiration of the Tragedy, but yet abuse me they must, and so comes the old infamous crambe bis millies cocta of the "sentimentalities, puerilities, whinings, and meannesses, both of style and thought" in my former writings.

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Page 233, line 19. Foliage." Leigh Hunt published Foliage in 1818. It contains, among other familiar epistles, one to Charles Lamb, reprinted, as was the poem on his son, from The Examiner. These are three of the five stanzas to Thornton Hunt:—

TO T** L** H**

SIX YEARS OLD, DURING A SICKNESS

Sleep breathes at last from out thee
My little, patient Boy;

And balmy rest about thee
Smooths off the day's annoy.

I sit me down, and think
Of all thy winning ways;
Yet almost wish, with sudden shrink,
That I had less to praise.

Thy sidelong pillowed meekness,
Thy thanks to all that aid,
Thy heart, in pain and weakness,
Óf fancied faults afraid;

The little trembling hand
That wipes thy quiet tears,

These, these are things that may demand
Dread memories for fears.

Ah, first-born of thy mother,
When life and hope were new,

Kind playmate of thy brother,
Thy sister, father too;

My light, where'er I go,
My bird, when prison bound,
My hand in hand companion,-no,
My prayers shall hold thee round.

Page 233, line 25.

The other gentleman. William Hazlitt. Lamb first met Hazlitt about 1805, and they were intimate, with occasional differences, until Hazlitt's death in 1830. Lamb was with him at the end. Page 234, line 11. You were pleased (you know where). Lamb had been a Unitarian, as had Coleridge and many others of his friends. Later, indeed, he claimed communion with no sect; while Coleridge became as much against Unitarianism as he had once been for it. Southey was himself converted to Unitarianism by Coleridge, in 1794. Later, however, the Church of England had few stouter or more intolerant supporters. What Lamb means by "You know where " I

have not been able to discover-a memory possessed possibly only by Lamb and Southey.

Page 234, line 19. Mr. Belsham. Thomas Belsham (1750-1829), the minister of the Gravel Pit Unitarian Chapel at Hackney at that

time.

Page 234, line 21. The last time. The only portion of this "Letter" which Lamb preserved began at this point. He rewrote this particular paragraph and included the remainder in the Last Essays of Elia, in 1833, under the title, "The Tombs in the Abbey" (see Vol. II., page 207). Page 234, last paragraph. You had your education at Westminster. Southey was at Westminster School, 1788-1792.

Page 235, line 27. Two shillings. The fees cannot have been reduced for at least ten years, for in 1833 Lamb reprinted this passage as it stood in 1823. The Abbey is not yet wholly free on every day of the week; but there is no charge except to view the chapels, and that has been reduced to sixpence. The first reduction after Lamb's protest was made by Dean Ireland, whose term of office lasted from 1816 to 1842. It was he also who appointed official guides. Lamb was not alone in this protest against the fees. One of Hood and Reynolds' Odes and Addresses, 1825, took up the point again.

Page 236, line 17. Major André. John André (1751-1780), a major in the British army in America in the War of Independence. In his capacity as Clinton's Adjutant-General he corresponded with one Arnold, who was plotting to deliver West Point to the British. In the course of his negotiations with Arnold, he crossed into the American lines and was compelled by circumstances to adopt civilian clothes. Being caught in this costume, he was charged as a spy, and, though every effort was made to save him, was, by the necessities of war, shot as such by Washington on October 2, 1780. He died like a hero. The British army donned mourning for his death, and a monument to his memory was erected in Westminster Abbey. Lamb alludes to the mutilation of this monument by the fracture of a nose, but as a matter of fact the whole head of Washington had to be renewed more than once. According to Mrs. Gordon's Life of Dean Buckland, two heads taken from the monument were returned from America to the Dean many years ago, with the request that they might be replaced. They had been appropriated as relics. Lamb's reference to Transatlantic Freedom was another hit at Southey's Pantisocratic tendencies (see note on page 481) and his Joan of Arc rebel days.

Page 236, line 23. Peter's Pence. The old tax of a silver penny from every family possessing land or cattle worth thirty pence a year. It ceased in Henry VIII.'s reign. In 1848 an effort was made to revive a similar but less official payment, without much success.

Page 236, at the end. Chantrey. Sir Francis Legatt Chantrey (1781-1842), the sculptor.

Page 236.

GUY FAUX.

London Magazine, November, 1823. Not reprinted by Lamb.

This essay is a blend of new and old. The first portion is new; but at the words (page 238, line 19) "The Gunpowder Treason was the subject" begins a reprint, with very slight modifications, of an article contributed by Lamb to The Reflector, No. II., in 1811, under the title "On the Probable Effects of the Gunpowder Treason in this country if the Conspirators had accomplished their Object." The Reflector essay was signed Speculator."

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Page 236, first line of essay. Ingenious and subtle writer. This was Hazlitt, whose article on "Guy Faux," from which Lamb quotes, appeared in The Examiner of November 11, 18 and 25, 1821, signed "Z." Lamb seems to have suggested to Hazlitt this whitewashing of Guido. See Hazlitt's essay on "Persons one would wish to have seen" (1826), reprinted in Winterslow, the report of a conversation "twenty years ago," where, after stating that it was Lamb's wish that Guy Faux should be defended, Hazlitt remarks that he supposes he will have to undertake the task himself. Later in the same essay Hazlitt quotes Lamb as mentioning Guy Faux and Judas Iscariot as two persons he would wish to see; adding, of the conspirator :

I cannot but think that Guy Faux, that poor, fluttering, annual scarecrow of straw and rags, is an ill-used gentleman. I would give something to see him sitting pale and emaciated, surrounded by his matches and his barrels of gunpowder, and expecting the moment that was to transport him to Paradise for his heroic self-devotion.

Again, in the article on "Lamb" in the Spirit of the Age (1825) Hazlitt wrote :

Whittington and his Cat are a fine hallucination for Mr. Lamb's historic Muse, and we believe he never heartily forgave a certain writer who took the subject of Guy Faux out of his hands.

A few years afterwards Lamb told Carlyle he regretted that the Faux conspiracy had failed-there would have been such a magnificent explosion. Carlyle cites this remark in his diary in evidence of Lamb's imbecility, but I fancy that Lamb had merely taken the measure of his visitor.

Lamb's reference to Hazlitt as an ex-Jesuit (page 236, second line of essay), with the mention of Douay and Mth (Maynooth, the Irish Roman Catholic College), is, of course, chaff, resulting from Hazlitt's defence of this arch-Romanist.

Page 238, line 13. The dregs of Loyola. Ignatius de Loyola (1491-1556), the founder of the Society of Jesuits.

Page 238, line 20. Jeremy Taylor. Jeremy Taylor (1613-1667) became Archbishop Laud's chaplain in 1636. He preached his Gunpowder Treason sermon on November 5, 1638, in St. Mary's, Oxford, and dedicated it to Laud. For an impassioned eulogy of Jeremy Taylor see Lamb's letter to Robert Lloyd of April 6, 1801 (Charles Lamb and the Lloyds, page 128).

After "Father of the Church (line 27) Lamb had written in The Reflector :

"The conclusion of his discourse is so pertinent to my subject, that