XXV.

Ross.

Paris, he calleth him his patron; who was to take care of CHAP. him, and to fix him somewhere, (having been invited over privately, as it seems, by him,) styling himself a catholic, Anno 1585. poor, and his client. In which letter he speaks also of the bi- 319 shop of Ross, (the queen of Scots' agent abroad,) and of his Bishop of assistance of him at Paris; and who had such an inclination to him, that he chose him into the number of those that were shortly to go thence with him to Rome. Upon the mention of this bishop of Ross, and his friendship to Turner, I do but hint a consolatory letter to the said Mary queen of Scots; which was drawn up by this Turner; being master of an elegant Latin style, mentioned before, under the year 1583.

deavours

one Hilliard.

evangeli

tus, Roma

terra perse

quitur,

est nominis

I cannot but relate something out of another letter of the Turner ensame man, of like strain of zeal, to one Hilliard, his coun- to pervert tryman, and his former acquaintance in the university, though of another opinion in religion:. whom he tried by his oratory to reduce. He tells him, he was "so sincerely Tam sincere "his, as the gospel, Christ, and Rome suffered him to be." tuus, quam Where it is worth observing the argument he used to bring um, Chrishim over to the popish religion, and his hatred that religion patitur. begat in him to his native country. Thus writing concern- Cælum odit, ing England; "Whatsoever bears but the name of Eng"land, is hated by heaven, and persecuted by earth." And quicquid again; "That England would be to him but a bait to sin, Anglicani. "to ruin, and to death." And comparing his countryman, Angliam the said Hilliard, to the prodigal son, he exhorted him to tibi ad pecreturn to his Father's house," where was poculum gratiæ, catum, ad "osculum pacis, &c. the cup of grace, the kiss of peace, mortem. "the music of a good act, and the fatted calf, Christ him"self: then he should be filled and satisfied from Rome, "satisfied in himself; and well satisfied, too well: that is, "by the prescription of antiquity, by the prescription of "tradition, by the sense of the church, and the consent of "the world." And then going on in his argument: "But "among the [i. e. protestants,] said he, what is there of

antiquity? No more than from Luther to the present age. "What is there of tradition? Their foundation is, that

fore escam

ruinam, ad

BOOK
I.

nomen et

numen.

66

little

"there was no tradition at all. What do they say of the sense of the CHURCH? O! they are afraid of this name Anno 1585." and deity. What of the consent of the world? A part of Timent hoc ❝ it, and that the worst of all, is in England; a very part of it in Germany; a most seditious part in France: “ and in all places of the world the most unlearned; all but dregs; and how little a portion in comparison of our "world," &c. And, thus this unnatural Romish Englishman went on, to bring off his countryman both from his religion and from a love of his native country, by his empty, but malicious oratory.

Archbishop of York en

Usury practised in York. The archbishop brings it before the commission ecclesiastical: his letter to the lord treasurer about it. The dean of York openly dissents. Articles against him in the star-chamber by the archbishop. The dean's submission to the archbishop. This archbishop preaches at Paul's Cross. Scory, bishop of Hereford, dies. Exercises in the diocese of Chester. That bishop prescribes rules to the clergy for them. Scambler translated to Norwich: his complaint of his predecessor. Curtess, bishop of Chichester, dies poor. Complaint made by the bishop of Litchfield and Coventry: his letter to the lord treasurer. Cox, bishop of Ely, vindicates his liberties in Holborn against the city. The revenues of the dean and chapter of Norwich in danger, upon pretence of concealment: the case: the suit: referred. Now I proceed to make some relation of matters of the

church, and of some of the bishops thereof, according as they occur to me this year.

Sandys, archbishop of York, had observed a great crime deavours to prevailing in his diocese; and especially in the city of York. reform It was usury, in a most excessive degree; insomuch that usury prac- such as had occasion to take up money paid a heavy consideration for it. The good archbishop was moved at it,

tised there.

XXVI.

and brought the matter into the ecclesiastical commission. CHAP. And, which was worst of all, one of his chief brethren of the clergy, even the dean of York, who was rich, was Anno 1585. deeply touched in the same fault. And he, being one of the commissioners, endeavoured to interrupt it; and in fine, openly protested against it: which spoiled all the archbishop's good intentions, in punishing and redressing that great oppression. The archbishop had no help now, but by applying to those above. And as he had written to the queen and to the archbishop of Canterbury, so he also declared the matter more at large to the lord treasurer; which was to this tenor: (which I relate, that the thing before us may be the better understood.)

66

to the lord

"That in his troubles he was forced to fly unto his lord- His letter ship. That God would ever record with him how faith- treasurer "fully and painfully he had travailed in his vocation, as about it. "well in preaching the gospel as in exercising discipline. "But that now such was the malice of man, that his hands 321 "were closed up, and the rod of discipline taken from him. "That biting and vile usury, forbidden by the law of God "and man, the very bane of the commonwealth, was practised "in that city of York more than elsewhere in the world, in "his opinion; and that all other traffic and art was in a man"ner laid aside; and that only put in ure; even from the "highest to the lowest, all in manner given to it: and that "in most extreme sort, to take one hundred at the hun"dred. That this had eaten up the poor, and spoiled the gentlemen of their patrimony."

66

He proceeded; "That he had diligently laboured with "others, by preaching, to reform this sin: sed in vanum la"boravimus. And therefore compelled even in conscience, " by virtue of her majesty's commission ecclesiastical, to call "the offenders herein to answer their fact: but that, as "they were in the consistory, ministering oaths unto them, "to answer unto certain articles, the dean of York, (who The dean "crossed all good proceedings,) with a full stomach, stood up protesting, that he dissented from them. And further, н h

66

VOL. III.

of York defends usury.

I.

66

BOOK" that he there publicly defended usury as lawful; and "threatened the witnesses, which were brought in to charge Anno 1585. " the offenders, with premunire: the dean adding, that he “would clear his hands of it. Yet, as the archbishop sub"joined, the report was, that his hands were deeply mired "in this matter: for otherwise he could hardly have " abounded in such wealth as he at that time presently did. "And that thus his speech wonderfully encouraged the offenders, as afterwards (added the archbishop) fell forth "in proof: for hardly would they be brought to any exa"mination: and that one of the number utterly refused to "answer to the articles, although he had taken his oath to "do it: and that another of them utterly denied their [viz. "the ecclesiastical commissioners] authority and jurisdic"tion; and that with big words and unseemly behaviour. "And that for this their great contempt they were compelled to commit them to the castle: for the example (said the archbishop) was not tolerable."

Council in the north complained

of.

66

66

66

66

And which he further thought fit now to acquaint the treasurer with, that obstructed their good purpose, was the opposition that the council in the north gave thereto. For thus the archbishop went on. "That the second after the vice-president, with the rest of the council there, by war"rant sent for them, and set them at liberty; and that chiefly provoked thereunto by Mr. Cheek," [who was son to that excellent man sir John Cheek, and was now a member of that council,]" who (said the archbishop) with"out all cause did malice him, cross and hinder his proceed"ings, what he could. That he thought the like had not "been done by any authority heretofore:" [namely, that a council in the north should annul or revoke what was done in an ecclesiastical commission, issuing from the queen.] "That her majesty's commission, by reason hereof, was dis"credited, and made of no authority; and they, her majes"ty's commissioners, defaced and contemned: and so forced "to surcease any further proceeding by that authority." 322 And then adding these words; "So that sin may now take

XXVI.

"his full course uncorrected; to the great offence of God, CHAP. " and the great danger of the state. For this commission was the only means to bridle sin withal."

And then the archbishop shewed the treasurer, that there were but two that were brought into question for usury by the commission, and rescued after that manner: "That the "two persons thus privileged, that they might not be touch❝ed, were two serving men; the one, yeoman of the woodyard to the lord president; the other, a clerk to one Col"thirst, an ordinary attorney at York.”

66

And at last the archbishop laid their case before his lordship in these words: "Your lordship now seeth our case. "The cause is her majesty's; whose authority in cases ec"clesiastical is too much contemned. I doubt not but that your lordship, according to your great wisdom, will have "honourable consideration hereof; as well in respect of "God's cause, (for God hateth sin,) as for the maintenance "of her majesty's authority: which by reason hereof hath "received a great blow. And that he would have attended himself, but presently he could not, being occupied about "the collecting of money of the clergy for her majesty's ser"vice in the Low Countries."

And that such an affront might not be put up, he signified, "That he had written something touching this matter "to her majesty, as also to the archbishop of Canterbury; "well knowing that his lordship also would further so good a cause. And thus he commended his good lordship to "the good direction of God's holy Spirit. Dated from Bishopthorp, the 4th of March, 1585.”

66

66

Anno 1585.

dean of

This matter of complaint was at length brought up to Articles court. And now several articles were drawn up, and ob- against the jected against the abovesaid dean of York by the archbi-York. shop, and laid against him, touching sundry misdemeanours, both in speech and action, as well against the authority of her majesty's commission ecclesiastical, as against the archbishop, and his lawful and dutiful proceedings; with other accusations.

I. The archbishop, at his first coming to the see, consi- His beha

viour to