God has lock'd up y' mystic Page
And curtain'd darkness round ye stage!
Wise 8 to render search perplext,
Has drawn 'twixt y' O & ye next
A dark impenetrable screen
All behind wch is yet unseen!

We talk of 8, we talk of Hell;
But w' yy. mean no tongue can tell!
Heaven is y realm where angels are,
And Hell ye chaos of despair.

But wt yese awful truths imply,
None of us know before we die !
Whether we will or no, we must
Take yo succeeding on trust.

This hour perhaps of Frd is well,
Death-struck y° next he cries, Farewell!
I die!-& yet for ought we see,
Ceases at once to breathe & be.

Thu' launch'd fm life's ambiguous shore,
Ingulph'd in Death appears no more,
Then undirected to repair

To distant we know not where.

Swift flies y 2, perhaps 'tis gone,
A thousand leagues beyond y° sun;
Or 2ce 10 thousand more 3 told,
Ere y forsaken clay is cold!

And yet who knows if Frnds we lov'd
Tho' dead may be so far remov'd ;
Only yo vail of flesh between,
Perhaps yy. watch us though unseen.

Whilst we, yr loss lamenting, say,
They're out of hearing far away;
Guardians to us perhaps they're near,
Conceal'd in vehicles of air.

And yet no notices yy. give,
Nor tell us where, nor how yy. live;
Tho' conscious whilst with us below,
How much yms desired to know.

As if bound up by solemn Fate
To keep y secret of y' state,
To tell yr joys or pains to none,
That man might live by Faith alone.

Well, let my sovereign, if he please,
Lock up his marvellous decrees;
Why shd I wish him to reveal
W he thinks proper to conceal ?

It is enough yt I believe
Heaven's bright' y" I can conceive :
And he yt makes it all his care
To serve God here shall see him there!
But oh! w' shall I survey
The moment yt I leave y' clay?
How sudden y surprise, how new!
Let it, my God, be happy too." *

J. G. B.

BAR SINISTER (5th S. i. 268, 314, 418.)-Begging MR. STEPHEN JACKSON'S pardon, the mark of illegitimate descent in heraldic bearings is not a bend sinister, but a baton sinister, the latter figure being a diminutive (in width) of the former, and

* Explanation of the symbols, &c. :-( Oworld; B He; 8 heaven; 2 soul; yms themselves; y th; yy they; y" them, &c.

being truncated at each end, instead of extending entirely across the shield. The first Dukes of Cleveland, Grafton, and St. Albans, natural sons of Charles II., bore his arms with a baton sinister over all, to mark their illegitimacy. In those days, such a mark of connexion with royalty was considered an honourable distinction in a coat of arms, and some heraldic authorities write with scorn of the notion that any marks of disgrace were ever inserted in heraldic bearings. The term "bar sinister," in English heraldry, would not only be a misnomer, but would involve in it an impossibility; for as a bar is a horizontal figure, extending entirely across the shield, it could not, as a whole, be either dexter or sinister. I think, however, that I can explain how the term "bar sinister" has crept into our language. In a curious work on heraldry now before me, published in 1724, and which I fancy is now somewhat rare, viz., Johnston's Notitia Anglicana (see vol. ii. p. 54-6), it is stated that the French heralds have no bend sinister" in their heraldry, but call it a "bar." So it would seem that "bar sinister" is a Gallicism. Johnston ridicules the idea of any heraldic bearings being significant of disgrace. At the same time, I imagine that all heralds admit that there are degrees of honour in the position of figures in the field, and that the sinister side of a shield is less honourable than the dexter. M. H. R.

Surely a "baton sinister" is also used as a mark of illegitimacy. It may be seen at this moment placed on the shield of the Royal arms of England borne by the Fitz-Roys, Dukes of Grafton. JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

WELSH TESTAMENT (5th S. i. 9, 173, 256, 393.) -I opened this correspondence in order to call attention to important variances between the English and Welsh versions, and with a view to ascertain whether the New Testament Company, in collating different versions, are taking any notice of the Welsh version. I only quoted the case of the miracle at Cana as one instance out of many, in which it appears to me that the Welsh is more clear and forcible than the English. Possessing but a superficial knowledge of Welsh, I may have been mistaken, as pointed out by MR. UNNONE and SIGMA, in translating the Welsh "mo'r" into the English more, and I don't dispute their correctness. At the same time I have this excuse, that one of the dictionary meanings of the Welsh mo is more of. However, this error does not affect my main contention, that the Welsh version, stating clearly that the wine had run short, is more expressive than the English, in which it is at least doubtful whether there had been any wine originally provided. SIGMA admits that the Welsh is less vague. My object now is to point out two in

"

Harrow, and all our great public schools, to say nothing of the colleges that are springing up everywhere for the education of girls. We cannot but think that, were that mental training adopted which the study of our greatest writers would assuredly provide, far greater and more useful results must be attained than by driving boys, whether they like it or not, through a course of elegant accomplishments. On all hands it is affirmed now that too much is being attempted; that, after all, the thorough knowledge of a few subjects is of more avail in after-life than that smattering intelligence which is only too often productive of an eloquence that is offensive by its ignorance. Thoroughness then is evidently Mr. Storr's aim, for he suggests that each volume contains enough for one term's work. The notes are sure, by their freedom from dryness, to create an interest and rivet attention.

The Manuale Clericorum: a Guide for the Reverent and Decent Celebration of Divine Service, the Holy Sacraments, and other Offices of the Church. Edited by the Rev. F. G. Lee, D.C.L., F.S.A. (Hogg & Co.) THIS manual, abridged from the Directorium Anglicanum, will prove of great service to those clergy, lay readers, and choirmasters who find the larger work out of their reach. Dr. Lee so well known for his great knowledge of those ancient ritual arrangements which are gradually being revived, that it would almost seem presumption to criticize anything that he may say on the subject; we will, therefore, rest contented with congratulating our learned correspondent, not only on the method and style of his last work, but also on the very exhaustive manner in which each service, as to its ritual arrangements, is treated. Recourse must be had to the Directorium when authorities are needed, for these in the Manuale were omitted for the very sufficient reason that the editor might be enabled to issue it in a convenient portable form, and at a reasonable price. We must not omit to add that the Manuale is furnished with an admirable glossary; and it is not too much to say that, without the help thus afforded, it would have been, to a great extent, unintelligible to those not pretending to a very deep knowledge of the subject.

Materials for the History of the Athenian Democracy from Solon to Pericles. Collected from Ancient Authors. By T. Case, M.A., Late Fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford. (Parker & Co.)

CLASSICAL authors may find in this pamphlet material whereon to found many chapters. The authorities cited are in Greek, and, though limited to a certain period, are very comprehensive. The laws of Solon, and the changes made by Clisthenes and Pericles, form the main basis of several important quotations. Voting by lot is placed before 490 B.C., and is shown to have been generally, but not necessarily, democratic. "Literæ Humaniores" and "Tripos men may peruse Mr. Case's collection with advantage. Stories from Herodotus, in Attic Greek: 1. Story of Rhampsinitus; 2. The Battle of Marathon. Adapted by J. Surtees Phillpotts, M.A., Assistant-Master in Rugby School, and formerly Fellow of New College, Oxford. (Rivingtons.)

AFTER second thoughts few critics will find fault when they see the revered Herodotus turned into Attic Greek. Mr. Phillpotts's aim being "pedagogic and not literary," he has struck his target. To learn Herodotus at school means genuine hard work, some loss of temper, and not very rapid progress. Yet not to be taught it is to be deprived of much classical ground-work. How is it to be mastered? Let these and similar stories be read in the Attic, and then in the original text. It is not enough to read Xenophon. Herodotus has a style sui generis. Something more than "Herodotus made easy" is wanted

a comparative knowledge of dialects has to be gained. The author of Selections from Xenophon, Selections from Arrian, Notes on the ". Lay of the Last Minstrel,” King and Commonwealth, has, in Stories from Herodotus, presented public schools with a book which will encourage both teachers and scholars in an arduous task-beginning Herodotus.

The Herald and Genealogist. Edited by John Gough Nichols, F.S.A. Parts XLVII., XLVIII. (Nichols & Sons.) We intend no disrespect to other labourers in that field of antiquarian literature which the late Mr. John Gough Nichols had made so peculiarly his own when we express our conviction that it has been wisely determined that the Herald and Genealogist, of which he was the originator, should be brought to a close now that he by whom it had been so successfully conducted has gone to his rest. Not less judicious and becoming is it, that the last number of that journal should contain a memoir of its accomplished editor, written by a loving hand, in which are to be found not only a full and detailed account of the numerous literary, historical, and genealogical works for which the world are indebted to the varied knowledge and untiring industry of Mr. Nichols, but also pleasant allusions to the friends and scholars with whom he was often closely associated, and many glimpses of that amiable character which distinguished him in all his domestic relations. Mr. Nichols's love of truth, and honest dislike of all false pretences, is aptly characterized by two or three of the shorter notices which conclude the present work, the last which heraldic students are destined to receive from the fearless and independent pen of John Gough Nichols.

Notices to Correspondents.

OUR CORRESPONDENTS will, we trust, excuse our suggesting to them, both for their sakes as well as our own— That they should write clearly and distinctly-and on one side of the paper only-more especially proper names and words and phrases of which an explanation may be required. We cannot undertake to puzzle out what a Correspondent does not think worth the trouble of writing plainly.

H. E. S. K.-" At sixes and sevens" is a phrase in The Widow, Act i. sc. 2 (1652), a piece by Jonson, Fletcher, and Middleton. It became a popular phrase to denote confusion. It was, however, of earlier date, but its derivation has never been satisfactorily accounted for.

A FOREIGNER.-The presses you speak of are rarely successful. The work required would be done more satisfactorily and economically by any respectable printer.

NOTICE.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher "-at the Office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception.

To all communications should be affixed the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 11, 1874.

CONTENTS.-N° 28.

NOTES:-Archer Family of Worcestershire, 21-A Picture

Sale in 1758, 22-"British and Continental Titles of Honor." By a Traveller, 23-Lord Wellesley and Lord Cornwallis

Purgation by Fire, 24-Parallel Passages-The Latest Irish Bull-A Strange Epitaph-Lines on a Sun-Dial, 25-The O'Mulconry-A Conjecture, 26.

QUERIES:-Family of Alexander, or Zinzan, 26-Gipsy

Names-Christy Collections-The Judges on Circuit-Queen Anne and the Duchess of Marlborough, 27 — - "Yange Monday" -"The Bonny House of Airlic" - French Dictionaries-Tintern Abbey-Mrs. Elizabeth Montagu Kirkstall Abbey. Yorks.-A Canterbury Foundling-Henry James Bellars-The Brig "Temple," of Lordon-Mrs. J. A Sargent, 28-" Master"-Jonathan Edwards, of America, 29. REPLIES:-Spelling Reforms, 29-Ralph de Cobham: Mary de Roos, 30-Byron: Wycherley-"Twas at the Birthnight Ball," &c., 31 Prester John and the Arms of the See of Chichester-John Luson, 32-Cerevisia-"The Glory of their Times," &c.-"The Lighthouse"-The Swift Family, 33St Verdiana-Sheridan and "The School for Scandal".

"Had be"-The "Vengeur," 34" Yale College Magazine" -David Lloyd-" Hudibras '-Register of Jews-HeraldicSprinkling Hivers with Flowers-The Jacobus"-La Vienville-The Private House in Drury Lane," 35-Buda-The Emperor Alexander II-"Sele"-Arithmetic: Casting out Nines, 36 Mortimer of Wigmore-" Whele"-Princes of the Blood Royal-The Use of Inverted Commas-Isaac (and John) Fransham - The Population Two Hundred Years Ago -Marmion Herbert in Venetia," 37-"Desier"— Rigby, Paymaster of the Forces in 1768-Poets and Proper Names A Jew's Will-Rancke Riders, 38-Duns Scotus-Heraldic

Pedigree Tracing, 39. Notes on Books, &c.

Notes.

ARCHER FAMILY OF WORCESTERSHIRE. My attention bas lately been drawn to the question of the origin of the Archer family of Barbadoes in the seventeenth century from having seen a work on this surname, which, although a useful guide to inquirers, is, nevertheless, embarrassing from the recurrence of misprint or typical errors, which might have been obviated by the slightest effort in the correction of the proof sheets. In this work, although frequent suggestions are thrown out in favour of the Worcestershire origin of this family, it is evident that the author had a preference for Suffolk. A careful analysis of the contents, however, and collation with other sources of information, will, I think, show that there were Archers in Barbadoes from London, Suffolk, and Lincoln, but that Edward Archer, who died there in 1693, was none of these, but was of a distinct and Worcestershire origin. I am well aware how little reliance can be placed on family traditions, yet, to a certain extent, they possess some value as clues. The descendants of this Edward Archer are still to be found, not only in Barbadoes, but in Jamaica, where two of his grandsons settled about 1753. In both branches of the family, notwithstanding the lapse of time since their separation, the tradition still exists

that their English progenitors were Royalists, and of Umberslade descent; and this, too, in face of the facts that Sir John Archer of the De Boys, or Essex, family was himself in Barbadoes, and that he had relatives in Jamaica in the seventeenth century, and they still treasure an heirloom transmitted from generation to generation, which would seem to strengthen the first part of the tradition, viz., a locket set in gold of the period, containing a portrait of Charles I. reading!

That the Worcestershire Archers were Royalists there can be no doubt; the children of Edward Archer of Hanley Castle, eldest son of John Archer, of Welland, by his wife Eleanor, daughter of Richard Frewen of Hanley Castle, were dispossessed of their estates by Cromwell. We find, about 1652, " William Archer and William Walter petitioning on behalf of the children, being minors, Thomas, George, and Anne, of the late Edward Archer of Hanley Castle." There is no mention of his elder children in this petition; they, no doubt, had equally incurred the Protector's displeasure. Thomas, George, and Anne, being minors, might be presumed to be guiltless of political sympathies. These Welland Archers appear to have broken up entirely about 1649, and to have dispersed in all directions, their large possessions passing into the hands of their Cromwellite neighbours-the Lechmeres and others. Presumably, the Frewens-maternal ancestors of Edward of Hanley-were also Royalists, for we find them settled in Barbadoes at the same period as Edward Archer of 1693, as well as the Thornes, Moores, and other families, with whom the Welland Archers had intermarried. It is a curious and suggestive fact that the first Barbadian ancestor of Edward Archer of 1693 called his estates "Cleobury," " Oldbury," " and Gretton." Now, if we refer to Dugdale's "Pedigrees of Archers of Umberslade," we find that Thomas le ArcherEdward III.-married Margarita, daughter of Cleburie, and Rowland Archer of Umberslade quartered the arms of the Mortimer-Cleburie family. Again, Oldbury is a town in Worcestershire. I cannot but think that a deep significance lies in the names chosen by this branch of Barbadian Archers for the first properties held by them in the land of their exile. They would serve, not only to keep alive the cherished memory of the mother country, but act as landmarks to their posterity, showing the line of Umberslade from which they derived, as in the case of Cleoburie, and their Worcester origin from Oldbury. Taking all these circumstances together, I think I am justified in my preference for a Worcester instead of a Suffolk descent for Edward Archer of Barbadoes.

The earliest Archers mentioned in the Parish Registers of Barbadoes are Richard, Leonard, and Nicholas. They were undoubtedly sons of