night there was no advice, no counsel, no encouragement, no consolation, no support from any one. On Sundays, while his father was in the Marshalsea, his wife and the other children being with him, Charles would call for his sister Fanny at the Royal Academy of Music in Tenterden Street at nine o'clock; and, after spending the day at the prison, they would walk back together at night. In 1826, at the age of fourteen, a change took place, and the boy was sent to a school kept by a Mr. Jones in Mornington Place ; he gave an account of the school in Household Words, October 11th, 1851. After remaining about two years he was sent to a school in Henrietta Street, Brunswick Square, kept by a Mr. Dawson, but was only there for a few months. After being a clerk at two solicitors' offices, his father having taken up reporting for the press, he determined to follow the same vocation; and his industry soon made him one of the best reporters of the day. This was, of course, only attained by a perfect and entire command of the mystery of shorthand writing, being about equal in difficulty to the mastery of six languages." 66 66 INSCRIPTIONS IN BURIAL-GROUND 262. James and William Pethick, twins, d. March 9, 1834, a. 3 days. George William Thomas Pethick, d. Feb. 14, 1838, a. 16 mths. Pethick, d. [Jun]e 17, 1838, a. days. M-, w. of Edw[ard] Pethick, mother of the above, d. (Nov.) 4, 1839, a. 37. John, s. of Edward and Elizabeth Pethick, d. Dec., [18]41, a. 5 mths. Henry, their s., d. Aug. 5, 1842, a. 6 weeks. 263. [Blank.] 264. Mrs. Fran[ces] (Co)lls, d. Dec. 10, 1834, a. 3(4). 1770; d. July 4, 1829. 266. Andrew White, d. 13 Jan., 1831, in his 39th year. 267. Emily Sarah (Th)—, d. April —, a. 2 yrs. William Henr(y) a.month. Also William Joseph, s. of the [above], d. March 21, 182(9). 268. The family vault of John Farebrother, Esq., of Millbank Štreet. a. 67. 269. Ellen, 3rd dau. of William and Isabel Butler, 1831. Emma Jessey, their 4th dau., 1832. 270. Mrs. Hannah Hertslett, d. 8 Jan., 1828, Mrs. Hannah Harriet Jemima Hertslett, d. 23 Aug., 1828, a. 38. Sophia Mary Anne Hertslett, granddau. of the first, and niece to the last above named, d. 24 Dec., 1829, a. 10. Lewis and Mary Spencer Hertslett, d. 19 Sept., 1834. Anna Maria Elizabeth, dau. of Charles and Anna Maria Hertslett, and sister of the above Sophia Mary Anne, d. 9 Nov., 1839, a. 14. 271. [Blank.] 272. James Coltman, of Upper Bloomburg Street, in this p., d. 28 Feb., 1849, in his 40th year. An affec. husb., tender parent, &c. Afflictions sore, &c. 273. Benjamin Hudson, of this p., d. 9 July, 1837, a. 72. Maria Walter, his dau., d. 1 Sept., 1839, a. 44. 274. Emma Susan, w. of Mr. Joseph Nightingale, of Hans Place, Chelsea, gent., and niece of the above, d. 11 April, 1831, a. 30. Joseph, their infant s., d. 24 April, 1831, a. 18 days. 275.ah Brown [w. of ?] [R]obert Brown....[died] July, 1828, a. —. Dickens all through life recommended authors to learn shorthand, as he himself had found it so useful in noting down for future use any incident that impressed him. I possess a letter now, dated from the office of All the Year Round, giving me this advice. The pleasure he used to feel in his rapidity and dexterity in the exercise of shorthand never left him, and when listening to a dull speech he would find his hand going on the tablecloth, taking an imaginary note of it all. James Grant, who was a reporter at the same time as Dickens, states that among the eighty or ninety reporters he occupied the very highest rank." John Black of 276. Mary Ann, w. The Morning Chronicle, who was universally 29 March, 1828, a. 31. beloved for his honest, great-hearted enjoy- d. 4 April, 1827, a. 6 ment of whatever was excellent in others, 6 May, 1828, a. 6 weeks. was wont to compliment Dickens in the broadest of Scotch from the broadest of hearts," and Dickens to the last membered that it was most of all the cordial help of this good old mirth-loving man that had started him joyfully on his career of letters. "It was John Black who flung the slipper after me," he would often say, "Dear old Black! my first hearty out-andout appreciator." 66 JOHN COLLINS FRANCIS. (To be continued.) re of Abraham Wright, d. Two of their chn.: John, weeks; Louisa Ann, d. 277. Mrs. Sarah Empson, d. 24 March, 1840, a. 80. 278. Mrs. Mary Pierce, d. 24 Sept., 1827, a. 86. SOUTH SIDE. and Catherine his w., and their s. John, late 279. Crest. A winged spur. John Johnson, Alderman, of London. The first d. Jan. 30, 1829, in his 70th year. The second d. March 27, 1846, in her 83rd year. Their s., the Alderman, d. Dec. 30, 1848, in his 57th year. Erected by William Johnson, their only surviving son, 1853. NORTH SIDE. 280. Samuel Firth, of this p., d. 29 Feb., 1812, in his 96th year. George Frederick Firth, grands. of the above, d. 12 March, 1812, a. 6 mths. Elizabeth Firth, w. of the above, d. 29 Sept., 1816, a. 78. Mary Ann Firth, d. 30 March, 1844. Elizabeth Firth, d. 6 Nov., 1847, a. 54, a. 46. James Firth, d. 13 April, 1848, a. 77. Samuel Thomas Firth, d. 20 March, 1851, a. 43. Sarah, relict of James Firth, d. 29 Jan., 1852, a. 80. Hogg, 72 Nightingale, 274 Russ, 152 Noble, 50 Hollist, 49 Norris, 76 Holloway, 241 Nutthall, 115 Crawford, 239 Horne, 38 Cotterell, 227 Cracroft, 41 Appleford, 166 Cropp, 141 Arrow, 228 Curby, 114 Curtis, 25 Atkins, 196 (Dadding), 240 Howis, 165 Bacchus, 1 Daniel, 194 Hudson, 273 (103 ?) Badcock, 184 Baker, 47, 133 Balding, 132 Darby, 11 Davie, 240 Deane, 19 Hughes, 28, 45 Barlow, 247 Barrow, 43 Bass, 197 Delamain, 222 Inderwick, 210 J., 201 James, 69, 236 Jennings, 127, Baldwin, 168 Bannister, 215 Barker, 42 Earl, 260 Barney, 245 Empson, 277 Jeffries, 188 Evatt, 99 Price, 148 Blackburn, 189 Fortey, 84 Kitson, 128 Fowler, 233 Billington, 220 190 Blayney, 229 Boon, 136 Borrow, 67 Brassington, 80 Brown, 30, 275 G-, 87 Gifford, 120, 195 Johns, 52 Lamb, 74. 199 McClough, 113 Greenaway, 73 Mallett, 28 Butler, 269 Halding, 182 Byles, 225 Haley, 104 Marsh, 192 Hambleton, 208 -Cadman, 46 Harris, 34, 91 Maskell, 34 Walby, 184 Walter, 273 197, 230 101 172 Woodward, 77 Yeomans, 208 Old Calabar, 2 Onore, E.I., 41 St. Giles, 178 St. Mary-le-bone, 178 Daventry, Northants, 199 Staines, 177 Dover, 26 Edinburgh, 26 Grimstone, Norf., 248 Swardstone, Norf., 188 West Haningfield, Ess., CHARLES HIGHAM. for The story of the publication is briefly told for Sudbury in 1821, and, later, by the present editor, the Rev. J. R. Rendell, Poole. He is most widely known in literaB.A., of Accrington, in an article entitled ture as the close friend and correspondent Our Centenary,' with which the December of Samuel Taylor Coleridge - a letter to part fitly opens. him from Coleridge was sold by auction in The work was started as The Intellectual Leicester Square on 17th November last. Repository for the New Church by seven The list of these earliest contributors also members of the body commonly styled includes John Augustus Tulk, the Rev. "Swedenborgians," who advanced 51. each John Clowes, M.A., Rector of St. John's as capital for the undertaking. That Church, Manchester, and the Rev. Samuel the sum thus subscribed was adequate for Noble. the purpose appeared from the fact The editor's sketch may here be supthat when, in 1829, the surviving pro- plemented by the information that at prietors and the representatives of those the annual gathering of the New Church deceased made over the property to the Conference, at Glasgow, in June last, General Conference of the New Church, arrangements were made for the publication it consisted not only of a considerable stock of а General Index to the century-old of volumes and parts, but also of 25l. 78. 7d. periodical, which is, moreover, to include in cash! All the seven promoters were all the other Swedenborgian magazines members of the committee of the Sweden-issued between 1790 and 1881. borg Society, which had been established on 27th February, 1810. The most notable of these was John Augustus Tulk, the first chairman of the committee, who was also one of the original board of editors of the new periodical. One of his colleagues was the Rev. Samuel Noble, whose Appeal' (1826) was the subject of some 'Marginalia by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, which were printed in vol. iv. of his Literary Remains.' Among the later editors of The Intellectual Repository were (1836-9) Edward William Brayley, F.R.S., who, during the years 18341870, was principal librarian to the London Institution; and (1839-43) Henry Butter, the author of the once widely circulated 'Etymological Spelling Book.' From the outset until 1829 The Intellectual Repository appeared quarterly at 1s. 6d. per number; thence until the close of 1839 it was issued every alternate month at 1s. per number; but in 1840 it was published monthly at 6d. per number, and has so continued. With the issue for January, 1882, the title was changed to its present form, The New Church Magazine. BERNARD GILPIN'S WILL. I have found in an old book a translation of the Latin text of the will of Bernard Gilpin (1517-83) The following by W. Freake, London, 1629. are a few extracts from it :"First, I bequeath my soul unto the hands not trusting in of Almighty God, my Creator; wretched sinner, but only in the mercy of God," my own merits, which am of myself a most &c. in winter. "For the disposition of my goods-first, I will that all my debts be truly paid with all once discharged, of what speed. My debts remaineth I give and bequeath.... [Here follow bequests to the poor of nine parishes.] Likewise I give to the poor of Houghton parish the great new ark for corn, to provide them with groats Likewise, I give to the Queen's College, in Oxford, all such books as shall have written upon the first leaf Barnardus Gilpin, Reginensi Collegio D.D., and all such books as shall have written upon the first leaf Johannes Newton'....and also the books that Mr. Hugh Broughton hath of mine, viz., Eusebius, Greek, certain other books; I trust he will withhold in two volumes; and Josephus, in Greek, and none of them. I also give to Keipier School, in After the manner of its literary con- Houghton, all such books as shall have my name temporaries, the articles in the early on the first leaf. Also, I give to my successor volumes were for the most part unsigned, house, with the guile-fat, and mash-fat; first, the great new brewing lead in the brewsave by initials or noms de plume; but the wise in the kiln, a large new steep lead, which information then denied can now be acquired receives a chaldron of corn at once; likewise in from the editorial file" still extant, the larder-house, one great salting-tub, which will whence the present editor, in his historical hold four oxen or more; likewise in the great sketch above noted, supplies the names of shorter standing upon a joined frame with the chamber over the parlour, one long table, and a all the contributors to the initial part, issued form; likewise in the hall, three tables standing in January, 1812. First among them stands fast, with the forms to them likewise.... [Here Charles Augustus Tulk, son of John Augustus follow many other pieces of furniture, materials Tulk aforesaid, and like him a member of that he had spent over 3007. in building] I trust for building, &c. In consideration of the fact the first committee of the Swedenborg my successor will not demand anything for Society. He became member of Parliament dilapidations....And that such successor will be like a continual defender and maintainer of Keipier School at Houghton... Moreover, I give to the poor of Houghton twenty pounds, and nine of my oxen; the other nine I bequeath to my three executors. Likewise, I give Richard, Lord Bishop of Durham, for a simple token of remembrance, three silver spoons with acorns, the history of Paulus Jovius, and the works of Calvin; also I give to John Heath, Esq., for like remembrance, other two silver spoons, of the same weight, and also the history of John Sleden in Latin; to Mrs. Heath I give my English Chronicle of Fabian; and to Richard Bellasis, Esq., two spoons, &c., and my history called Novus Orbis.' And I most humbly beseech these three men of honour and worship....above all things, to take into their tuition and governance all lands and revenues belonging to Keipier School, and all deeds, evidences, gifts, and other writings, which are to show for the same: all the right and title to these lands I give up wholly into their power, for the good maintenance of the said school. And for as much as these lands are not so surely established as I should wish, I give unto Keipier School twenty pounds, which I desire the Bishop of Durham to take into his hands, and bestow as he shall see fit upon men learned in the laws. All the rest of my goods and chattels, I will that they be divided into two equal parts, and the one of them to be given to the poor of Houghton, the other to scholars and students at Oxford." [Here follow a list of names, with instructions, about the same.] The text of this will is bad to copy, owing to the leaf being much mildewed. Does the school at Houghton still exist? J. W. S. [Yes. It is now known as the Royal Kepier Grammar School, Houghton-le-Spring.] THE NAVAL SALUTE.—Although the origin and history of the Naval Salute are no doubt familiar to students of naval affairs, the subject seems to be little known to the public in general. That such a thing existed is occasionally learnt from stray references in the works of writers like Marryat, while many will no doubt recollect that Kingsley, in Westward Ho!' made good use of it when telling the story of John Hawkins and the Spanish admiral who had ventured to sail into Plymouth Sound without veiling topsails, or striking his flag. Hawkins, who was Port Admiral, at once sent a shot between his masts, and, when no attention was paid to this hint, with his next shot lackt the Admiral through and through," whereupon down came the offending flag and due apologies were tendered. however, realize that for centuries ships of Few, all other nations were not only expected, but compelled, to lower their topsails and strike their flag when they met a ship of the English navy on the seas over which the kings of England claimed sovereignty. The matter is treated at length in an interesting article in a recent number of The Edinburgh Review on The Sovereignty of the Sea.' This gives the actual text of the Admiralty instruction on the point, which I think is worth preserving in the columns of ' N. & Q.' It was issued in 1691, and remained in force till 1806, as follows :— 66 Upon your meeting with any ship or ships within his Majesty's seas (which for your better guidance herein you are to take notice that they extend to Cape Finisterre), belonging to any foreign Prince or State, you are to expect them to strike their topsail and take in their flag, in acknowledgement of His Majesty's Sovereignty in these seas; and if any shall refuse, or offer to resist, you are to use your utmost endeavour to compel them thereto, and in nowise to suffer any dishonour to be done to His Majesty.... You are further to notice that in his Majesty's seas his Majesty's ships are in nowise to strike to any; and that in other parts no ship of his Majesty's is to strike his flag or topsail to any foreigner, unless such foreign ship shall have first struck, or at the same time strike, her flag or topsail to his Majesty's ship." In the year after Trafalgar it was found necessary to issue a new edition of the Admiralty Instructions,' the preparation of which for the press was left to Admiral (afterwards Lord) Gambier, and at his suggestion the article of 1691, quoted above, was for the first time omitted. It does not appear that Gambier meant that the right was to be given up, but as a matter of fact Naval Salute, after having been claimed, this was the result of the omission, and the desuetude. and enforced, for several centuries, fell into T. F. D. DICKENS: UNPUBLISHED LETTERS. Dickensians may be interested to learn that at the other end of the earth there is a collection of letters from the famous novelist that have not yet been put into print. Dr. Leeper, the Principal of Trinity College, Melbourne University (whose name is familiar to readers of N. & Q.'), has been delivering an address on the treasures of the library of the institution over which he has so ably presided for many years. In addition to the Second Folio Shakespeare, the library contains a quantity of correspondence between Charles Dickens and the late G. W. Rusden, which, though interesting, is of too personal and intimate a character years." to be available for publication for some The library also possesses a complete set of the novels presented by Dickens to Mr. Rusden, who was for a long time the highest Parliamentary official in Melbourne, and who published histories of Australia and New Zealand, and various 66 other works. J. F. HOGAN. 66 As this is the Dickens cen- in the 'N.E.D.' show. I suggest that it tenary year, it may be suggested to Dr. belongs rather to Scot. cau(l)k, to rough Leeper and the governing body of Trinity a horse in frosty weather, which is eviCollege that the publication of this corre- dently cauquer, the Picard form of French spondence, tactfully and judiciously edited, chausser, to shoe, and thus ultimately from would be a very acceptable and appropriate Latin calx, heel. In a small Scottish diccontribution to the celebration. tionary printed at Edinburgh in 1818 I find cawker, a frost nail; also a glass of strong whisky, or other ardent spirits, taken in the morning." It seems a reasonable conjecture that the carter, after seeing that his horse was provided with cawkers, should playfully apply the same name to his own precaution against frost before starting. ERNEST WEEKLEY. Nottingham. Royal Colonial Institute, Northumberland Avenue. THE SUPERFLUITY OF BOOKS.-Lord Rosebery and Mr Edmund Gosse-the one in a speech, the other in a letter addressed to The Times-have started a campaign against the superfluity of books, and the latter states that a general public destruction is necessary. But who can judge of the books that are to be kept and those that are to be destroyed? I think that what with the bad paper newspapers and books are printed on (for cheapness and large sales), and the destruction due to insects and want of care, time will annihilate everything, and leave nothing but dust. And under whatever name you put him, whether Time or Nature, he it is who shall solve this difficulty. This important question is due to many factors. Until now, in past times, books were only destroyed for political or religious purposes, and this proposed mode opens a new era in the life of libraries and their contents. E. FIGAROLA-CANEDA. Cuba. MIERS, SILHOUETTE ARTIST. (See 11 S. ii. 369, 418.)-I have just come across an advertisement in the first of a long series of volumes of art cuttings given to me by Mr. Humphry Ward. It appeared in a newspaper of 1790, and is headed Most Striking Likenesses,' and goes on: "Profile shades in ́miniature, executed in a style entirely new, essentially different, and allowed by the first artists to be infinitely superior to any others. The invention of J. Miers, No. 162, Strand." Miers refers to "the extensive patronage, and the high encomiums with which he has been "honoured by the first rank of nobility, &c. The time of sitting for these portraits was two minutes, and the cost varied from 7s. 6d. to one guinea. W. ROBERTS. CAULKER," A DRAM OF SPIRITS.-This is a comparatively modern word, dating from the beginning of the nineteenth century. TheN.E.D.' suggests interrogatively a connexion with the nautical verb to caulk, the drink being something to keep the wet out." This seems possible, yet the word is not nautical, but Scottish, as the examples Queries. WE must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that answers may be sent to them direct. LATIN VICE-ADMIRALTY COMMISSIONS.The Colonial Society of Massachusetts has in press a volume to contain the royal commissions issued to certain of the Crown officials of the Massachusetts Bay from 1681 to 1774. Of these, seventeen are commissions of the Governors as Vice-Admiral; and of the seventeen, eleven (from 1685 to 1730) are in Latin, and the remaining six (from 1741 to 1774) are in English. What I wish to know is, When was English first Obviously it used in such commissions? was between 1730 and 1741, but I wish exactness. Under the heading Latin Law Pleadings,' a correspondent (at 11 S. i. 448, 495) asked when English was substituted for Latin in such pleadings, and SIR HARRY POLAND referred to the Act of 4 George II., ch. xxvi. (1731). This was "An Act that all Proceedings in Courts of Justice within that Part of Great Britain called England, and in the Court of Exchequer in Scotland, shall be in the English Language ; but section 3 reads as follows: |