INDUSTRIAL RESOURCES, ETC.,

OF THE

SOUTHERN AND WESTERN STATES:

EMBRACING A VIEW OF THEIR

COMMERCE, AGRICULTURE, MANUFACTURES, INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS,
SLAVE AND FREE LABOR, SLAVERY INSTITUTIONS,
PRODUCTS, ETC., OF THE SOUTH,

Together with

HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL SKETCHES OF THE DIFFERENT STATES AND CITIES OF THE UNION-STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES COMMERCE AND MANUFACTURES, FROM THE EARLIEST PERIODS, COMPARED WITH OTHER LEADING POWERS-THE RESULTS OF THE DIFFERENT CENSUS RETURNS SINCE 1790, AND RETURNS OF THE CENSUS OF 1850, ON POPULATION, AGRICulture and GENERAL INDUSTRY, ETC.,

WITH AN APPENDIX.

IN THREE VOLUMES.

VOL. III.

BY J. D. B. DE BOW,

PROFESSOR OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, ETC., IN THE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA.

PUBLISHED AT THE OFFICE OF DE BOW'S REVIEW,

MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE, NEW-ORLEANS;

167 BROADWAY, NEW-YORK; AND EAST BAY AND BROAD STREETS, CHARLESTON.

1853.

The two opening papers in the volume, upon Southern Direct Trade and Commerce, are from the pen of Lieut. M. F. Maury; the one on Southern Industry is by Gov. Hammond; those on the Future of the South and Southern Industry are by Thos. P. Kettell; The South's Position in the Union was contributed by Dr. Cartwright; South, How Affected by her Slave Institutions, by D. J. McCord; South, Value of Life in, by Dr. J. C. Nott; South Carolina Capabilities, Gov. Seabrook; the two papers on Sugar, pp. 195, 207, are by J. P. Benjamin; that on Turpentine, page 350, by Edwin Heriot; on United States Immigration, by J. B. Auld; on Virginia, by R. G. Barnwell.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1852, by J. D. B. DE Bow, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States.

INDEX TO VOL. III.

SOUTHERN DIRECT FOREIGN TRADE, by Lieut. Maury...

SOUTHERN COMMERCE-Its Extension by Sea,...

SOUTHERN INDUSTRY-Progress of; Prospects of Cotton Interests, Position of South

Carolina, Influence of Mechanic Arts and Manufactures, What the South is Capable of in Cot-

ton Manufactures, Labor at the South, Facilities for Steam and Water Power; Employment

for the Poorer Classes, Etc......

SOUTH-Future of,.

SOUTHERN INDUSTRY,.

SOUTH-Position in the Union-Emancipation, Abolition, Natural Law of Slavery, Physical

Characteristics of Negroes, Fatal Results of Substituting White Labor for Black at the

South,.

SOUTH-How Affected by her Slave Institutions-Slavery at the South, and the Elements of

Character and Civilization it Developes on British Authority, and how they Compare with

those of the North,..

SOUTH AND THE UNION-Resources and Wealth of the South, and What she has Con-

tributed to the Growth of the Nation...

SOUTHERN INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION.

SOUTH-Value of Life in...

SOUTHERN COMMERCIAL CONVENTION-Resolutions..

92

103

111

SOUTH AND THE NORTH..

SOUTHERN DIRECT TRADE TO THE CONTINENT OF EUROPE.

SOUTHERN FOREIGN COMMERCE.

SOUTHERN COMMERCIAL RESOURCES COMPARED WITH THOSE OF THE

NORTH..

SOUTH-Her mode of Convincing the North on the Slave Question..

117

119

120

123

123

SOUTH CAROLINA-Statistics-(See Charleston).

135

SOUTH CAROLINA..Agricultural and Physical Capabilities, Territory, Climate, Soil, Navi-

SAVANNAH-Statistics of..

ST. LOUIS--Commercial Advantages of..

ST. LOUIS, AND THE PROSPECTS OF MISSOURI, (See Missouri).

ST. LOUIS--History of.....

STEAMSHIPS-Prospectus for Establishing a Line of Propeller Steamers between New-Or-

145

145

146

149

151

SILK AND SILK CULTURE-Origin, Early History, Progress-Manufacture, Silk in the

United States; Advantages of the South for the Silk Industry; Communications from Practi-

cal Men, Etc...

160

SHEEP HUSBANDRY IN THE SOUTHERN STATES, by Ely.

SUGAR-Cultivation and Manufacture of.

188

195

SUGAR-Manufacture, Etc....

207

SUGAR MANUFACTURE-Crystallization of Sugar-Chemical and other Doctrines of

Sugar..

213

SUGAR-Its Cultivation, Manufacture and Commerce-Vegetable Principles, Properties of

Cane Sugar, Molasses, Treacle, Cane Juice, Saccharine Matter, Analysis of Sugar Cane, Varie-

ties of Sugar Mills, Etc...

SUGAR CANE-Extracts from a Memoir on the Structure and Composition of the Sugar

Cane, by M. Payen....

SUGAR CANE CULTURE ON THE MOST SUCCESSFUL ESTATES.

SUGAR PLANTERS-Notes for..

SUGAR INDUSTRY OF LOUISIANA..

SUGAR OF FLORIDA...

SUGAR-Production and History.

SUGAR-The Early History of.

SUGAR CULTURE IN TEXAS.

SUGAR OF LOUISIANA..

SUGAR CROP OF LOUISIANA.

SUGAR TRADE OF UNITED STATES..

SUGAR-Imports of..

SUGAR MANUFACTURE IN LOUISIANA.

SUGAR CULTURE IN THE EAST INDIES..

SUGAR CULTURE IN THE WEST INDIES.

SUGAR ESTATES OF CUBA..

SUGAR TRADE OF THE WORLD.

SUGAR-Process of Culture, Manufacture, Etc..

TEXAS-Climate, Rivers, Lands, Products, Animals, Minerals, Government, Etc..

TEXAS-Sugar Lands..

TEXAS-Resources, Products, Etc-

TEXAS-Brazos Country.

TEXAS-Her Natural Advantages.

TEXAS-Growth of...

TEXAS--Galveston, Etc..

TOBACCO-Prize Essay on the Culture and Management of.

TOBACCO--Cuba..

UNION-Its Stability-British Policy in Regard to Tropical Products and the Slave Trade,

Commercial Advantages of the South, What the North Gains out of the South, Etc.....356, 357

UNITED STATES-Progress of the Republic- Growth of States and Population...

Operation of the Laws of Population in Europe and United States-

Population from Earliest Times, with all the Census Returns..

Census of 1850--Analysis of Growth of Population every Ten Years-

Immigration into.

367

378

386

391

393

393

395

395

400

400

Population, Square Miles, Density of Regions North, South, East and

West, Etc..

Commercial Navigation Compared with Great Britain...

Tariffs-Internal Improvements, &c., Copy-right and Patent-right.

VIRGINIA-Early History-Education, Schools and Colleges, Government, Resources, Inter-

nal Improvements, Slavery.

VIRGINIA GOLD MINËS..

VIRGINIA COMMERCIAL CONVENTION-Resources, Industry and Improvements of

Virginia, her Contest for the Trade of the West, and Proposed Foreign Trade..

VINEYARDS OF THE SOUTH..

420

423

433

434

436

453

461

462

-468, 471

475

511

513

516

518

519

519

WESTERN VALLEY-Progress of the Great West in Population, Agriculture, Arts and

Commerce..

WEST INDIA ISLANDS-Position, Importance, Etc., Cuba, Porto Rico, Martinique,

French, British, Danish, Swedish, Dutch West Indies, Etc. Etc...

APPENDIX-Canadian Commerce, 551-Cuba Trade, 551-Coast Trade of Pennsylvania, 552-Commerce

of United States with Great Britain. 553-Cotton Crop of United States, 555-Emigration from Great

Britain, 555-Mobile Commerce, 1851-2, 555-Mexico in 1852, 557-Massachusetts in 1852. 558-Manu-

factory, cost of. 559-Nicaragua, 559-New-Orleans Commerce, &c., 1852. 559, 568-North Carolina, 569—

Postage Law. 1850, 570-Rail-road and Canal Statistics, 570-Steamboat Accidents, 572-St. Louis, 572-

Savannah, 573--Tehuantepec. 573-United States Navy, Religion, Population, Currency, Trade and

Commerce with all Nations, 1851, Tonnage, Manufactures, Steamers, Militia, etc., 573-Cuba, 577.