succeeded in persuading these pests of the Agency to form a colony, under a constitution and by-laws which pledged every member to industry, temperance, abstinence from gambling, and obedience to the United States Government. All these young Indians signed it, and off they went under his lead to a location in what is now Oklahoma, fifty-five miles from the Agency. In 1888 they had forty-six farms, cultivating 375 acres. In 1890 they stood out almost alone against the wide delusion of the coming Indian Messiah, and kept on cultivating their wheat. In 1892 came the inrush of twenty-five thousand white settlers in a day into the new territory, but they stood it well, and became the first subjects of the Severalty and Citizenship Act.

White rowdies have been equally transformed by summer campaigns under a boy-loving, Christ-loving leader. Manifold Educational Forces, Good and Evil, in Cities

We have spoken of the home as a school, and of common school education as a responsibility of each neighborhood, but there are five other branches of education that pertain especially to cities—one of them higher education, the other four not sufficiently recognized and supervised as real educational forces, namely, the Sabbath, the press, the theater, the street.

The colleges of to-day rightly give much attention to the body. (Formerly, it was often the case that when the mind was cultivated the body was neglected. Scholars became "too heavy for the animal they rode.") But athletics should not be the monopoly of nines and elevens among the few who need exercise least-the others getting only throat exercise, but should be a part of a comprehensive and classified course of physical education, compulsory for all, though adapted to each. Every mus

cle of the body should be developed, as well as every faculty of mind. Specialism in athletics fails to do either of those necessary things.

Physical health and strength should be the very first object of education, and so far as the preparatory schools fail to provide it, the colleges should include it. Body is to mind as powder to ball, as power to machinery. Physical education should include hygiene, with special reference to alcohol, tobacco, and sex. This last subject has been discussed as belonging primarily to the home and elementary schools, but the college must teach it to some degree not only because some students will not have been taught earlier, and because social welfare requires it shall be taught progressively in the successive periods of youth, but also because the very fellowships of college life away from home increase the temptations to sex abuses.

The supreme purpose of colleges and other branches of higher education is to develop leaders, "helpful personalities. A Pittsburgh banker said to me, "It is easier to get a million dollars together than to find a man who can manage it." I note also, as I travel about, it is easier to erect a big Young Men's Christian Association building than it is to find a big man foot-loose to make it a winsome home for young men. And it is easier to build a big church than to find a great preacher to fill it with people and with power. And in politics there are more big problems than there are great statesmen to solve them. We need colleges more than ever, and bet

Dr. Chas. B. Town, in the Century, March, 1912, says of tobacco: "Every athlete knows that it hurts the wind'; that is, injuries the ability of the heart to respond quickly to extra work. It also affects the precision of eye and hand. A great billiard player who does not smoke once assured me that he felt sure of winning when his opponent was a smoker. A tennis player began to smoke at the age of twenty-one, and found that men whom he had before beaten with ease could now beat him. Sharp-shooters and riflemen know that their shooting is more accurate when they do not smoke."

ter ones, to provide leadership. And for all these problems, training in character as well as ability is essential. When a college sharpens the wits while neglecting the balance wheel of conscience, education may do more harm than ignorance. As some one has said, “Your ignorant thief may rob a freight car, but your educated thief steals a whole railroad."

Unrecognized Schools of the People

These familiar forms of education, schools and colleges, are overmatched by the educational influence in real life of the four unclassified forms of education. One of these is the Sabbath, "the workingman's college." Four times seven is twenty-eight; that is, in twentyeight years there are four solid years of Sabbath timemore than a college boy spends in study, for he takes out time for baseball and football and other balls. And a man of fifty-six, who has used the Sabbaths in the old British-American way, for thought and self-improvement, has had a postgraduate course. That is why American voters have thus far proved so trustworthy that all political parties promise to put more power into the hands of the people; and as they are entrusted with greatly increased powers through popular and Presidential primaries, through referendum, initiative and recall, the necessity increases of maintaining such educational influences as the American Sabbath, whose best school is the quiet home circle.

Another branch of education is the press, which educates both up and down. Parents should constitute themselves a board of education to exclude from their homes periodicals that teach falsely for gain, whether in news or editorials or advertisements. It is a fact of great interest and importance that in addition to the religious

press and five hundred of the daily press, forty of the fifty most popular magazines refused to send liquor advertisements into American homes when it was still legal to do so-some of them because asked in courteous letters that represented the sentiment of American homes to cut out the solicitations to evil. Why not ask the purging of all periodicals that come to your home, especially the daily papers whose semi-nude pictures and "Confessions of a Wife" insult every home they enter. Why should an editor be allowed to say in your home in print, what you would not tolerate if he said it in person in your parlor?

Yet another branch of education is the theater, whose patrons are millions a day-twenty millions a day in moving picture audiences it is claimed-more than the baseball crowds of the whole nation total in a year. No other schooling is so universal or so impressive, and yet threefourths of the teachings of theaters and at least one-third of that in moving picture shows is vicious and criminal teaching, that contradicts and counteracts the teaching of the best homes. The remedy is first in co-operation of parents and teachers for an immediate boycott of bad shows in your town, and second in federal regulation of the production of films at their source, supplemented by state and local censorship of all exhibitions. The Mayor or Burgess in any city could appoint a Censor Board to act for or with him as his powers always include the right to suppress shows he regards harmful, or which moral leaders ask him to close up. But an ordinance or law is desirable to make the censorship continuous, regardless of changing and changeful mayors.

The street is yet another influential branch of education. Everything on the street teaches some lesson to boys and girls. Many a street is a school of lawlessness,