with the same vile spirit of revolt against whatever is dignified and respectable in politics, or sober and rational in religion. The two words Liberty and Grace, by the vile uses that have been made of them have done more mischief in this and other countries than all other words which any language can supply. The one has been the watch-word of anarchy and bloodshed: the other, the war-whoop of hypocrisy in all attacks against the bulwarks of Truth and Virtue.

"The Earl of Northumberland," says Collins," shewed all proper regard for the King's person during this great contest; of which Lord Clarendon has mentioned many instances; and his careful and respectful attention on the King's children when committed to his care, and his indulging his Majesty, as much as possible, with their company, &c. &c. sufficiently vindicate him from the charge of ingratitude and personal disrespect."

When the regicide saints had succeeded in bringing their King to trial at their own mock tribunal, the Earl of Northumberland displayed the native integrity of his mind; "he detested the cruel murder of his Majesty, and did his utmost to obstruct it,"

After this diabolical proceeding, his lordship lived retired, for the most part, at Petworth, till the Restoration.

In the spring of 1660, when General Monk had marched from Scotland, and taken his quarters at Whitehall, he invited him to NORTHUMBERLAND HOUSE, to a conference with him, the Earl of Manchester, and other Lords; and likewise with Holles, Sir William Waller, Lewis, and other eminent persons; who had a trust and confidence in each other, and who were looked upon as the heads and governors of the moderate Presbyterian party; through whose influence the Restoration was, in part, accomplished: the rigid Calvinian Independents being still for a Republican form of Government; if indeed, they wished for any Government at all.

The Earl of Northumberland discovered his sentiments to Lord Robert

Robert Sidney, Earl of Leicester, in a Letter to him, dated April 13th, 1660. * He thus expresses himself: "The meeting my lord of Southampton, in pursuance of some overtures that have been made for a marriage between his daughter and my son, was he principal occasion that brought me to this town; where I find most people very busy (or at least seeming so) and the public affairs in a posture that needs the advice of better heads than mine. All persons here shew strong inclinations to bring in the King, and re-establish the Government on the old foundatior. Some there are who would have him restored to all, without any condition, only an act of oblivion, and general pardon to be granted; but the soberer people will, I believe, expect terms of more security for themselves, and advantage for the nation; ard unless a full satisfaction be given in such points, as shall be judged necessary to those ends, it is thought the army will not be pleased."

It is astonishing that a person of the Earl's good sense and noble mind should think of making terms for a rebel-army that should go any farther, than to secure pardon for the least of fending to dream of measures that should be pleasing to them is an infatuation that has never been paralleled, except by the reasoning of those unhappy spirits of our own time, who seem to think that measures should be adopted to please the rebelarmy now in France: pleasing wretches like these would be to insult and displease every loyal and honourable man in the country.

During the critical time of the Restoration the Earl of Northumberland was in all the committees.

In the Earl of Leicester's Journal' is the following entry: "Thursday, May 31st, a messenger came to my house, and warned me to come to Whitehall; the like he did to the Earl of Northumberland. We went together, not knowing for what; and having staid awhile in the King's withdrawing chamber, we were called into the council chamber, and there, contrary to his, R 4

Sidney Mem. II. 685.

and

and my expectation, we were sworn privy councillors; as was likewise the Earl of Manchester, and others, that and the next day."

On the 11th of August in the same year, he was constituted Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Sussex; and on 7th of September following, Lord Lieutenant of the county of Northumberland.

His lordship sought for no employment in the state, choosing to retire, in the summer, to his seat at Petworth, delighting in his gardens and plantations there; but he lived in town during the winter season, and was constant in his attendance in Parliament; as appears by some of his letters to his brother-in-law, Robert, Earl of Leicester, who, residing altogether at Penshurst, left him his proxy in the House of Peers. Indeed there was such a sympathy of affection between these two noblemen, and such a sincere and faithful friendship as can hardly be paralleled. The Earl of Leicester, in a letter to him from Penshurst, September 26th, 1659, pays this compliment to the Earl of Northumberland: "Of the few persons that I consider in this world your lordship hath my greatest estimation; and of the fewer things I value in this life, your favour is placed by me in the most high degree. I am very tender of both, and do passionately desire the conservation of the one for the good of many; and the continuation of the other for my own contentment."

But indeed tbe Earl of Northumberland continued to be regarded with a very high respect by the whole English nation; of which Lord Clarendon himself gives a remarkable instance in the history of his own life; when mentioning a bill that was brought into Parliament against importing Irish cattle (a few years after the Restoration) and which occasioned great heats, he says, "That the Lord Ashley (afterwards Earl of Shaftsbury) who next to the Duke of Buckingham appeared the most violent supporter of the bill, urging it as an argument for prosecuting it,

That if this bill did not pass, all the rents in Ireland would rise in a vast proportion, and those in England fall as much; so

that

that in a year or two the Duke of Ormond would have a greater revenue than the Earl of Northumberland;' which, (adds the noble historian) made a visible impression in many, as a thing not to be endured."

His lordship married two wives; and, what was very remarkable, they were both grand-daughters of two successive Lord Treasurers under King James I. to whose ill offices Earl Henry his father attributed much of the cruel severity with which he had been treated by that ungrateful Prince.

Earl Algernon's first wife was the Lady Anne Cecil, second daughter of Wiliam, second Earl of Salisbury, son of Robert Cecil, who had beeu secretary of state to Queen Elizabeth, and lord high treasurer to King James I. by whom he was created Earl of Salisbury. Her mother was Catharine Howard, youngest daughter of Thomas Earl of Suffolk, (son of Thomas IV. Duke of Norfolk, and grandson of Henry, Earl of Surrey, the POET,) who succeeded Cecil as lord high treasurer. This Anne, Countess of Northumberland, died December 6, 1637, as we learn from a letter to the Earl of Leicester at Paris, written by William Hawkins, Esq. wherein he mentions," that the Earl of Northumberland is a very sad man for the death of his lady; and that the Countess of Leicester is gone to comfort him."

By his first Countess he had issue, first, Lady Catharine Percy, born August 12, 1630, who died young, and was buried in the family vault at Petworth, in Sussex, January 26, 1638. Second, Lady Dorothy Percy, born also on August 12, 1632; who died young, and was buried at Petworth, Feb. 19, 1638. Third, Lady Anne Percy, born December 17, 1633, who was married June 21, 1652, to Philip Lord Stanhope, who was afterwards Earl of Chesterfield, but not till after her death, who died November 29, 1654; and was buried at Petworth December the 7th following; together with her infant son, Algernon and therefore she probably died in childbed, leaving no issue. Fourth, Lady Lucy Percy, who died young. Fifth, Lady Elizabeth Percy, born December 1, 1636, who was married May 19, 1653,

:

to

to Arthur, Lord Capel, afterwards created Earl of Sussex, in 1661, by whom she had issue, Algernon, second Earl of Essex, and Anne, Countess of Carlisle. This Lady Elizabeth Percy, Countess of Essex, long survived the Earl, her husband, who (was found murdered in the Tower, July 13, 1683,) and died herself February 5, 1717-8.

Earl Algernon, after continuing a widower nearly five years, married to his second wife, a cousin-german of his first Countess, viz. the Lady Elizabeth Howard, second daughter of Theophilus, Earl of Suffolk, (son of the lord-high treasurer beforementioned,) by the Lady Elizabeth, his wife, daughter of Lord George Hume, Earl of Dunbar. It was in consequence of this marriage with the Lady Elizabeth Howard (which was celebrated October 1, 1642,) that Earl Algernon became possessed of Northumberland House, in the Strand, which has ever since been the town residence of the family.

By his second Countess Earl Algernon had issue: first, Josceline, his only son and heir, who was born July 4, 1644, and, after his father, was eleventh Earl of Northumberland. Second, Lady Mary Percy, born July 22, 1647; who died July 3, 1652, and was buried at Petworth.

Their mother, the Countess Elizabeth, survived her lord nearly forty years, dying March 11, 1704-5 (aged ninety-seven,) and was buried at Petworth the 20th of March following.

The Earl, her husband, deceased October 13, 1668, (in the sixty-sixth of his age,) and was buried at Petworth; being succeeded in his honours and estates by his only son. Josceline Percy, the eleventh Earl of Northumberland, (only son and heir of Earl Algernon,) had, while he was Lord Percy, been designed by his father to marry the Lady Audry, eldest daughter and coheir of Thomas Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton, by his second wife, Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of Francis Leigh, Earl of Chichester: as appears by overtures made before April 13, 1660, which brought the Earl of Northumberland to town, as he acquaints the Earl of Leicester by a letter of that

date,