Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: History and Current Policy, Volym 1Institute for International Economics, 1985 - 753 sidor Now available directly from: IIE 11 Dupont Circle, NW Washington, DC 20036 Tel: (202) 328-9000 Economic sanctions have become an increasingly central tool of United States foreign policy. Recently, doubts have been raised-both at home and abroad-as to whether sanctions are effective in meeting their avowed foreign policy objectives, or even their domestic policy goals. These concerns, influenced primarily by recent experience with the Soviet grain embargo and pipeline sanctions, have rekindled congressional debate on the use of economic sanctions and have spawned legislative proposals to constrict recourse to such measures in the future. To address these proposals, this book examines almost a hundred cases where sanctions have been used since World War I, Among them are the League of Nations against Italy in 1935, the Western Alliance against Germany and Japan in the Second World War, the USSR against Yugoslavia in 1948-1955, the United Nations, against Rhodesia and South Africa, the United States against Britain and France over the Suez Canal crisis in 1956, the Arab nations of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries against the United States in 1973, and the recent round of cases mounted by the United States against the Soviet Union. The book analyzes why sanctions are deployed, what sanctions can achieve, and the costs to both target and sender countries. It then applies lessons from historical experience to the current policy debate, and recommends guidelines for the future use of economic sanctions in pursuit of foreign policy objectives. |
Innehåll
Introduction | 1 |
Anatomy of a Sanctions Episode 2227 | 27 |
Political Variables | 41 |
Upphovsrätt | |
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Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: History and Current Policy, Volym 1 Gary Clyde Hufbauer,Jeffrey J. Schott,Kimberly Ann Elliott Fragmentarisk förhandsgranskning - 1985 |
Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: History and Current Policy, Volym 1 Gary Clyde Hufbauer,Jeffrey J. Schott,Kimberly Ann Elliott Fragmentarisk förhandsgranskning - 1985 |
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16 significant success agreement Albania Annual effect Arab League Argentina Assigned scores assistance to target Calculated Economic Impact Chile China CHRONOLOGY OF KEY COCOM cooperation with sender Cost to sender cost to target Cuba December Doxey ECONOMIC IMPACT Observed economic sanctions effect of sanctions embargo F financial GOALS OF SENDER gross indicators Percentage health and political human rights IMPACT Observed Economic imports Indonesia Iran January July Keesing's Korea Magnitudes Gross indicators Malaysia million Nations Nicaragua November nuclear Observed Economic Statistics October Pakistan percent Presanction relations President quasi-military Reagan relations between sender Relative Magnitudes Gross RESPONSE OF TARGET result times sanctions sanctions contribution Sanctions period sanctions related scaled score policy result sender and target sender country South Africa South Korea Soviet Union stability of target Success score policy Sukarno target country Type of sanction United USSR Wall Street Journal Washington Post welfare loss estimated West Germany York