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ORATORICAL AND POETICAL GESTURES.

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pipe, and enter the lungs about one third of the distance from the upper end: hence, how foolish for persons having a sore throat, or larynx, to suppose they have the bronchitis; which consists in a diseased state of the bronchia; generally brought on by an improper mode of breathing, or speaking, &c., with exposure. The remedy may be found in the practice here recommended, with a free use of cold soft water over the whole body, and bandages wet with the same, placed about the chest and neck, to be removed every few hours, as they become dry.

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24. Here is a front view of the Vocal Organs: e is the top of the wind-pipe, and within and a little above d is the larynx, or vocal box, where all voice sounds are made: the twa horns at the tor represent the upper extremities of the thyroid cartilage: the tubes up and down, and transverse, ars blood-vessels: beware of having anything tight around the neck, also of bending the

neck much, impeding the free circulation of the blood, and determining it to the head.

23. Here is a horizontal view of the Glottis: N, F, are the arytenoid cartilages, connected with the chordae vocales, (vocal cords, or ligaments,) T, V, stretching across from the top of the arytenoid to the point of the thyroid cartilage: these cords can be elongated, and enlarged to produce lower sounds, and contracted and diminished for higher ones: and. at the same time, separated from each other, and allowing more condensed air to pass for the former purposes; or brought nearer together, to favor the latter: there are a great many muscles attached to the larynx, to give variety to the modifications of voice in speech and song

Xi

ORATORICAL AND POETICAL GESTURES.

Anecdote. Plato-defines man-"An animal, having two legs, and no feathers." This very imperfect description attracted the ridicule of Di-og-e-nes; who, wittily, and in derision, introduced to his school-a fowl, stripped of its feathers, and contemptuously asked,-"Is this Plato's man ?”

1. THIS SYSTEM unfolds the true Philoso-in, where-on, where-with, &c. : also, in the conphy of MIND and VOICE, in accordance with traction of ever and never,--as where-e'er I go, the nature of Man, and the structure of Lan-where-e'er I am, I ne'er shall see thee more. guage. The Elements are first presented;"How blest is he, who ne'er consents, By ill adthen, the common combinations, followed by vice to walk." the more difficult ones; all of which are to be practiced in concert, and individually, after the Teacher. These exercises essentially aid in cultivating the Voice and Eur, for all the objects of Speech and Song: while the Principles and Practice tend to develop and perfect both mind and body, agreeably to the Laws, that should govern them. The Vowels must first be mastered, then the Consonants; and the exercises interspersed with reading, and rigid criticism on the Articulation and Pronunciation.

N. B. The words printed in italics and CAPITALS, are more or las emphatic; though other words may be made so, according to the desired effect: the dash (-) indicates a pause for inhalation: connecting words are sometimes excepte 1.

Notes. I. Don't caricature this sound of a and e bolora r, by giving it undue stress and quantity, in such words as--air, (ay-ur,) pa-rent, (pae-rent,) dare, (day-ur,) chair, there, where, &c, nor give it a flat sound, as some do to e in bleat, pronouncing it laat. To give this sound properly, separate the teeth an inch project the lips, and bring forward the corners of the mouth, like a funnel. 2. I would be just as proper in prose, to say, wherecever I go, where-cever I am, I neever shall see thee more; as t say in poetry, where-ear I am, I near shall see thee more. 3. E is weight, whey, (i, y, gh are silent,) and a in age, whale, &c., aro just alike in sound; and as this sound of e does not occur among

2. A has four regular sounds: First, its natural, or regular sounds, as classed by our orthocpists, it

[A in ALE.]

Name sound, or long: ALE;
ate, a-zure; rare a-pri-cots;
scarce pa-tri-ots; fair brace-
lets for la-tent mus-ta-ches;
hai-ry ma-gi and sa-pi-ent lit-
er-a-ti for pa-trons; na-tion-al
a-ter-er for ra-di-a-ted sta-
mens, and sa-li-cnt pas-try with the ha-lo
gru-tis; the ra-tion-al plain-tiff tears the cam-
bric, and dares the stairs for the sa-vor of
rai-sins; they drain the cane-brakes and take
the bears by the nape of the neck; the may-or's
ray-er to Mayn-ton Sayre is-to be-ware of
he snares pre-par'd for the matron's shares:
-men has both syllables accented; but it
hould never be pronounced ah-men (2d a,)

or aw-men.

3. Position. Sit, or stand erect, with the shoulders thrown back, so as to expand the chest, prevent the body from bending, and facilitate full and deep breathing. Open the mouth wide enough to admit two fingers, Ale-wise, between the teeth, and keep the Hips free and limber, that the sounds may flow with clearness and precision; nor let there be too much, nor too little moisture in the mouth. A piece of hard wood, or ivory, an inch, or an inch and a half long, of the size of a pipe-stein, with a notch in each end, if placed between the teeth, perpendicularly, waile practicing, will be found very useful in arquiring the habit of opening wide the mouth.

4. E has this sound in certain words; among which are the following: ere, ere-long; feint beira; the hei-nous Bey pur-veys a bo-quet; bo-ka;) they rein their prey in its ey-ry, and pay their freight by weight; key-dey: o-bey the eyre, and do o-be-sance to the Dey; they sit tete-a-tate (ta-tah-tate,) at trey: also, there and where, in all their compounds,-there-at, there-by, there-fore, there-in, there-on, therewita; where-at, where-by, where-fore, whereBRONSON. 2

called "irregular" i. e. it borrows this name sound of a; or
sounded like it. 4. Some try to make a distinction between a
fate, and a in fair, calling it a medial sound: which error is ow.
ing to t being an alrugt element, and r, a prolonged one: but
one can make a good sound of it, either in speech or song, when
thus situated, by giving it a sound unlike the name sound of a; bæ-
ware of unjust prejudices and prepossessions. I say na-shun-al,
ra-shun-al, &c., for the same reason that I say no-tional and de-co-
tional; because of analogy and effect.

Proverbs. 1. Accusing-is proving, wher malice and power sit as judges. 2. Adversitymay make one wise, but not rich. 3. Idle felko of his own fortune. 5. Fine feathers make fine -take the most pains. 4. Every one is architect birds. 6. Go into the country to hear the news of the town. 7. He is a good orator-who convinces himself. 8. If you cannot bite, never show your teeth. 9. Lawyers' houses-are built on the heads of fools. 10. Little, and often, fill the purse. 11. Much, would have more, and lost all. 12. Practice-makes perfect.

The Bible-requires, in its proper deliv cry, the most extensive practical knowledge of the principles of elocution, and of all the compositions in the world; a better impres sion may be made, from its correct reading. than from the most lumineus commentary.

Varieties. 1. Love what you ought to do, and you can easily do it;-oiled wheels run! freely. 2. Cicero says, that Roscius, a Roman orator, could express a sentence in vs many different ways by his gestures, as bu himself could by his words. 3. Why is the letter A, like a honey-suckle? Because a B follows it. 4. Never speak unless you have have done. 5. The most essential rule in desomething to say, and always stop when you livery is-Be natural and in earnest 6. Our education should be adapted to the full de velopment of body and mind. 7. Truth can never contradict itself; but is eternal and immutable-the same in all ages: the states of men's reception of it-are as various as the principles and subjects of natural creation. As good have no time, as make bad use of it.

5. Elocution-is an Art, that teaches me how within-out; not from without-in. The to manifest my feelings and thoughts to beautiful rose-does not grow by accretion, others, in such a way as to give them a true like the rocks; its life flows into it through idea, and expression of how, and what, I feel the nutriment, imbibed from the earth, the and think; and, in so doing, to make them uir, and the water, which are incorporated feel and think, as I do. Its object is, to enable with the very life-blood of the plant as a meme to communicate to the hearers, the whole dium: it is a manifestation of the LIFE that truth, just as it is; in other words, to give me fills all things, and flows into all things, ac. the ability, to do perfect justice to the subject, cording to their various forms. The analogy to them, and to myself: thus, involving the holds good as it respects the human mind'; philosophy of ent, cause, and effect,-the cor- tho' vegetables are matter, and mind—is respondence of affection, thoughts and words. spirit; the former is of course much more confined than the latter. The powers of the 6. The second sound of A is grave, mind-must be developed by a power from or Italian. Au; alms, far; pawithin, and above itself; and that is the best pa calms ma-ma, and comeducation, which will accomplish this most mands Charles to craunch the rapidly, and effectually, in accordance with al-monds in the haun-ted paths; the laws of God,-which always have refer his ma-ster de-man-ded a ence to the greatest good and the most truth. haunch of par-tridge of father; aunt taun-ted the laundress for salve from the bana-na tree; Jar-vis farms sar-sa-pa-ril-la in A-mer-i-ca; ma-nil-la balm is a charm to halve the qualms in Ra-ven-na; he a-bides in Chi-na, and vaunts to have saun-tered on the a-re-na, to guard the vil-la hearths from harm-ful ef-flu-vi-a; they flaun-ted on the 80fa, ar-gu-ing for Quarles' psalms, and for-muProverbs. 1. A burden that one chooses, ie la for jaundice in Mec-ca or Me-di-na; a not felt. 2. A guilty conscience needs no accucalf got the chol-e-ra in Cu-ba, and a-rose to ser. 3. After-wit is every body's wit. 4. Enough run the gaunt-fet for the ayes and noes in A--is as good as a feast. 5. All is but lip wisdom, cel-da-ma.

[A in FAR.]

Anecdote. A clergyman, whose turn it was to preach in a certain church, happening to get wet, was standing before the sessionroom fire, to dry his clothes; and when his colleague came in, he asked him to preach for "No Sir, I thank him; as he was very wet. you;" was the prompt reply: "preach your self; you will be dry enough in the pulpit."

that wants experience. 6. Better bend, than break.

7. In making the vowel sounds, by expel-7. Children and fools often speak the truth. 8. ling them, great care must be taken, to con- Out of debt, out of danger. 9. Wade not in un10. Do what you ought, and let vert all the breath that is emitted, into pure known waters. sound, so as not to chafe the internal surface come what will. 11. Empty vessels make the of the throat, and produce a tickling, or greatest sound. 12. Pause, before you follow ax hoarseness. The happier and freer froin re-example, straint, the better: in laughing, the lower muscles are used involuntarily; hence the adage, laugh, and be fut. In breathing, reading, spraking, and singing, there should be no rising of the shoulders, or heaving of the boom; both tend to error and ill health. Beware of using the lungs, as it is said; let them act, as they are acted upon by the lower muscles.

Notes. L. This, strictly speaking, is the only natural sound in all languages, and is the easiest made: it merely requires the under jaw to be dropped, and a vocal sound to be produced: all other vowels are derived from it; or, rather, are modifications of it. 2. When a is an article, i. e. when used by itself, it always has this sound, but must not be accented; as, "a nan saw a horse and a sheep in a mea low:" except as contrasted with the; as, "I sand the man, not a man." 3. When a forms an unaccented syl

able, it has this sound: aa, a-wake, a-bide, a-like, a-ware, a-tone,

Natural and Spiritual. Since we are possessed of both body and soul, it is of the first importance that we make use of natural and spiritual means for obtaining good; i.c. natural and spiritual truths. Cur present and eternal destinies-should ever be kept in mind; and that, which is of the greatest mo ment, receive the principal attention: and. since death-is only a continuation of life, our education should be continuous: both states of being will be best attended to, when scen and attended to in connection.

Varieties. 1. Horses will often do more for a whistle, than a whip: as some youth are best governed by a rod of love. 2. Why is a bankrupt like a clock? Because he must -unid, a-way, kc. 4. It has a similar sound at the end of words, either stop, or go on tick. 3. True reading either with, or without an h: aa, No-ah, Han-nah, Sa-rah, Af-ri-is true exposition. 4. Conceive the intenA-nr-i-ca, i-o-ta, dog-m, &c. Beware of saying, No-er, Sations of the author, and enter into the charac ry, &c. 5. It generally has this sound, when followed by a single ju the same syllable: as, ar-son, ar-tis, &c.; also in star-ry, (full ter. 5. The sciences and mechanical arts are the ministers of wisdom, not the end. 6. Do of stars,) and tar-ry, (besmeared with tar.) Education. The derivation of this word we love our friends more when present, or -will assist us in understanding its mean- absent? 7. All natural truths, which respect ing; it being composed of the Latin word the works of God in creation, are not only real e-du-co, to lead or draw out. All develop-natural truths, but the glasses and containing ments, both of matter and spirit, are from principles of spiritual ones.

8. The means to be used, thus to make | to describe them to others with as much acknown my feelings and thoughts, are tones, curacy as we do any external objects, which words, looks, actions, expression, and silence: we have seen with our material eyes. whence it appears, that the body is the grand medium of communication between myself and others; for by and through the body, are tones, words, looks, and gestures produced. Thus I perceive, that the mind, is the active agent, and the body, the passive agent; that this is the instrument, and that the performer: here I see the elements of mental and vocal philosophy."

9. The third sound of A is broad: ALL, wall, auc-tion, aus-pice; his vaul-ting daughter haul'd the dau-phin in the sauce-pan; the pal-try sauce-box waltz'd in the tea-sau-cer; al-be-it, the muwk-ish au-thor, dined on nau-se-ous sau-sa-ges; the au- [A in ALL] burn pal-frey draws lau-rel plau-dits; his naughty dwart got the groat through the fau-cit; he thwar-ted the fal-chion and salted the shawl in false wa-ter; the law-less gaw-ky got in-stall'd in the au-tumn, and de-frau-ded the green sward of its bal-dric awn-ing.

Anecdote. Wild Oats. After the first speech, made by the younger Pitt, in the House of Commons, an old member sarcastically remarked,-"I apprehend that the young gentleman has not yet sown all his wild ats." To which Mr. Pitt politely replied, in the course of an elaborate and eloquent rejoinder, "Age

has its privilege; and the gentleman himself-affords an ample illustration, that I re tain food enough for GEESE to pick.”

Proverbs. 1. A calumny, tho' known to be such, generally leaves a stain on the reputation. 2. A blow from a frying pan, tho' it does not hurt, sullies. 3. Fair and softly, go sure and far. 4. Keep your business and conscience well, and they will be sure to keep you well. 5. A man knows no more, to any purpose, than he practices.' 6. Bells call others to church, but enter not themselves. 7. Revenge a wrong by forgiving it. 8. Venture not all you have at once. 9. Examine your accounts and your conduct every night. 10. Call me cousin, but don't cozen me. 11. Eaglesfly alone, but sheep flock together. 12. It is good to begin well, but better to end well.

10. CURRAN, a celebrated Irish orator, pre- Theology includes all religions, both sents us with a signal instance, of what can heathen and christian; and comprehends be accomplished by assiduity and persever- the study of the Divine Being, his laws ance: his enunciation was so precipitate and and revelations, and our duty towards Him confused, that he was called "stuttering Juck and our neighbor. It may be divided into Curran," To overcome his numerous de- four grand divisions; viz. Paganism, Mahomfects, he devoted a portion of every day to edanism, Judaism, and Christianity. The reading and reciting aloud, slowly, and dis-study of Theology is the highest and noblest tinctly, some of the most eloquent extracts in our language: and his success was so complete, that among his excellencies as a speaker, was the clearness of his articulation, and an appropriate intonation, that melodized every sentence.

Notes. 1. To make this sound, drop and project the jaw, and shape the mouth as in the engraving: and when you wish to produce a very grave sound, in speech or song, in addition to the atove, swell the windpipe, (which will elongate and enlarge the vocal chords,) and form the voice as low as possible in the larynx; for the longer and larger these chorls are, the graor will be the voice: also, practice making sounds, while exhaling and inhaling,

in deepen the tones. This sound is broader than the German a.

in which we can be engaged: but a mere theoretical knowledge, like the sunbeam on the mountain glacier, may only dazzle-to blind; for, unless the heart is warmed with love to God, and love to man, the coldness. and barrenness of eternal death will reign in the soul: hence, the all'of Religion relates to life; and the life of Religion is-to do good -for the sake of good.

Varieties. He, who studies books alone, will know how things ought to be; and he who studies men, will know how things are. 2. If you would relish your food, labor for it; if you would enjoy your raiment, pay for it before you wear it; if you would sleep sound.

1. sometimes has this sound: I thought he caught the cough, when he wught the cloth: he wrought, fought, and sought, but talked naught. 3. Heware of widing an r after te, as lawr, jaw, ap-palled at the thral-dom of Wal-ter Ka-leigh, who was almostly, take a clear conscience to bed with you.

fawr, &c. 4. The itaise a the following, is broal. All were

wall-ed in the cal-dron of boiling water.

3. The more we follow nature, and obey her aus, the longer shall we live; and the farther we devute from them, the sooner we shall die. 4. Always carry a few proverbs

sion be used when necessary; but deception

Habits of thought. Thinking is to the mind what digestion is to the body. We may heur, read, and talk, till we are gray; but if we do not think, and analyze our sub-with you for constant use. 5. Let compul jects, and look at them in every aspect, and see the ends, causes, and effects, they will be of little use to us. In thinking, however, we must think clearly and without confusion, as we would examine objects of sight, in order to get a perfect ilea of them. Thinking-is spiritually seeing; and we should always think of things so particularly, as to be able

never. 6. In China, physicians are always under pay, except when their patrons are sick; then, their salaries are stopped till health is restored. 7. All things speak; note well the language, and gather wisdom from it.

Nature-is but a name for an effect,
Whose cause-is God.

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