table institutions included twenty-one hospitals and twenty-two orphanages. The province had 5,223 miles of railroad in operation. CITY OF ORONTO, a port of entry and the capital city of the Province of Ontario, is situated on the north shore of Lake Ontario, 165 miles from Kingston, and 320 miles southwest of Montreal. It is connected with Canada and the United States by the Grand Trunk Railway and numerous other lines. Its industries are extensive, and consist of iron foun dries, rolling-mills, car shops, breweries, distilleries, machine-shops, carriage factories, soapworks, tanneries, boot and shoe factories, flourmills, and cabinet-ware factories. It is over two miles in length from east to west, is bounded on the south by the Bay of Toronto, a spacious inlet of Lake Ontario, and is one and a half miles broad from south to north. The situation of the town is low and flat. The most elevated quarter-the Queen's Park in the west, containing the University, Observatory, and handsome private residences is only from 100 to 200 feet above the level of the lake. The harbor or bay is a beautiful sheet of water, about five miles long and one mile in width. It is separated from the lake by a long, narrow strip of land, except at its entrance. It is capable of accommodating the largest vessels that navigate the lakes and is defended at the entrance by a fort, mounted with the most efficient modern ordnance. Toronto has much the appearance of an English town, and is distinguished for the number and beauty of its churches, many of which are surmounted by handsome spires. The principal are St. James' Cathedral (Anglican), a noble edifice in early English, erected in 1852; St. Michael's Cathedral (Roman Catholic); Knox's Church and St. Andrew's (Presbyterian); the Metropolitan (Methodist); and the Unitarian Chapel. Toronto is the fountain-head of the Canada school system, and its educational institutions are numerous and well-appointed. The University, charmingly situated in the well-wooded Queen's Park, was inaugurated in 1843. Trinity College and the Upper Canada College have numerous students. Knox's College, recently built, is the Presbyterian theological hall. The University Park, with its beautiful monument to the volunteers who fell at Ridgeway, and the Horticultural Gardens, are frequented by all classes of the community. There are also the Normal and Model schools, in the first of which teachers. exclusively are trained. Attached to the University is the Observatory. There are many benevolent institutions and handsome official buildings. It is the seat of the Supreme Courts of the Province, and contains the Legislative buildings, the Government house, the Custom-house, and the Post-office. There are two large theatres in Toronto. During open navigation magnifi cent steamers ply in all directions on the lake. The exports are manufactured lumber, flour, wheat, and other grain. The name Toronto is supposed to be of Indian origin. The town was founded in 1794 by Governor Simcoe. It was incorporated in 1834, was burned by the Americans in 1813, and suffered severely in the insurrection of 1837, on which occasion it was the headquarters of the rebellion, as also from fire in 1849. Population in 1870, 56,000; 1886, 80,000; 1889, 166,809. CITY OF AMILTON is a city in the Province of Ontario. It is situated on Hamilton Bay, formerly Burlington Bay, at the west end of Lake Ontario, and is 38 miles from Toronto, 378 miles from Montreal, and 43 miles from Niagara Falls. It is an important railroad centre; the Hamilton & Port Dover, the Great Western, and the Hamilton & Toronto roads radiate from this point; while it has by the great lakes and rivers water communication from Chicago, Duluth, and Fort William,at the West to the Atlantic. It is situated in the midst of the finest agricultural district. In 1840 the population was 3,000; six years later the population was nearly 7,000, and a city charter was obtained. This rapid increase was due to the railroads and the grain district in which it is situated. Its manufacturing establishments are extensive, and comprise steam-engine and locomotive works, large iron works, car works, foundries, and clothing, and sewingmachine factories. The last census of Canada, taken in 1881, showed that the capital invested was nearly one thirty-fourth of the whole capital invested in manufacturing industries throughout the Dominion. The city has 33 churches, seven banks, and a large insurance company; a Young Men's Christian Association, and a fine public-school system, with 5,000 pupils and 100 teachers; the Collegiate Institute and Training College has 600 students, with 15 masters and teachers. There are also five separate Catholic schools in Hamilton, and a Methodist College for young women; numerous charitable institutions, the Hamilton Association for investigating natural history, botany, etc., and private institutions for commercial and business training. Population in 1889, 43,250. K CITY OF KINGSTON. INGSTON is a city in the Province of Ontario. It is situated on the northeast shore of Lake Ontario, where the waters of the Canadian lakes issue into the St. Lawrence, and is distant from Montreal 198 miles, from Toronto 165 miles, and from New York 274 miles. It was the site of a French fort from 1673 till 1758; began to be settled by the British about 1783; was laid out in 1793; and was incorporated as a town in 1838, and as a city in 1846. On the union of the two Canadas, in 1840, the seat of government was established at Kingston, but was removed again in 1845. The harbor of Kingston affords a most imposing and effective picture. In the midst of the scene a storm-washed martello tower rises from the water, and beyond it is a granite battlement, upon the mainland behind which rises the shapely form of the City Hall. The public buildings of Kingston are all excellent examples of architecture. Across the channel is Wolfe Island, which is connected with the city by a ferry. Upon a prominent hill to the right is the large defensive work known as Fort William Henry, and near it the Military college, which is the West Point of Canada. There is a decided military air to Kingston, due to this fact. The Thousand Islands begin about Kingston, continue for some 50 miles down the river, and steamboats run daily from the city to the popular summer resorts among them. The ship-building of Kingston is second in Canada only to that of Quebec. The Canadian Engine & Machinery company manufactures railway rollingstock on the most approved principles. Besides it there are several large foundries for the manufacture of engines and locomotives, of agricultural implements, edge-tools, axles, and nails. There are also large tanneries and breweries. Beside its outlets by water, Kingston communicates with all parts of the country by the Grand Trunk Railway, which passes within two miles of the city, and connects by a branch with the wharves; and by the Kingston and Pembroke Railway, which connects with the Canada Pacific. The shops and offices of the Kingston and Pembroke Railway are in Kingston. Next to Quebec and Halifax, Kingston is the most important military position in British America. Queen's University and College at Kingston is one of the most popular and progressive of the great educational institutions of Canada. It was incorporated by royal charter in 1841, for the education of a Presbyterian ministry, and has since instituted the additional faculties of law and medicine. There are also a Catholic institution called Regiopolis College, the County grammar school, and the common schools, besides several private academies. The provincial penitentiary and the asylum for the insane, and local hospitals and homes for the poor are situated in the city. In 1862 Kingston became the seat of the new English bishopric of Ontario. Many beautiful homes adorn the suburban avenues. Population in 1871, 12,407; 1886, 20,000; 1889, 23,175. CITY OF LONDON. ONDON is the chief city of the county of Middlesex, Ontario. It is situated at the junction of the two branches of the Thames River, about 114 miles west-southwest from Toronto, with which it is connected by the Great Western Railway. The site of the city began to be cleared and laid out in 1825; in 1852 the population was 7,124. When the city was called London, the river, which had formerly been known by an Indian name, received that which it now bears; a Westminster and a Blackfriars bridge were thrown over it; and the names given to the principal streets and localities still seem to indicate a desire to make it a reproduction, |