M. Desfougères, a celebrated engineer, and the sur- practice should be continued in essays, which no one is veyor of the bridges and highways of all the united de-obliged to issue in a hurry. Why should a writer put his partments of Piedmont, of the country of Genoa, Tus- readers to the trouble of finding out the elegantia of pascany, the states of Rome, and the islands of Elba and sages, which he himself declares to be untranslatable? Corsica, assured me that it would be easy to purify the air or what is there untranslatable among the scraps which of the Meramme, and to render the country populous and Quotator gives in his letter? does he mean to embelfertile, by draining the marshes of Castiglione. This lish his native language by mixing it with Latin and might be effected by means of two canals, one of which French? He confesses (admits) that the motives which would suffice to carry off that part of the waters of the excite him may be esteemed (deemed) rather selfish; Ombrone and Bruna, which stagnate in the surrounding but I am happy to say that I have no such apprehension land, the other to conduct the waters of the marshes to as to my motives. In so far as I am personally concerned, the neighbouring sea. It will hardly be believed that the I care very little whether you admit or refuse quotations; government is unwilling to incur the expense attending although I cannot join your correspondent, when he comthis improvement, which would not amount to more than pares a plain English performance to a wilderness, which 1,500,000 francs. can only be enlivened by quotations; or when he associates pleasing recollections with an extra birching; yet, having once undertaken the defence of plain dealing against affectation, I trust that you will have patience enough to bear with me a little longer; and I flatter myself the more with this indulgence, as I do not intend to trouble you again on the same subject.

I write from Sienna the last lines of the relation you desired me to give you. In a few days I shall set out for Rome, where I expect to meet you.

Liverpool.

FINIS.

A. W.

Literature, Criticism, &c.

LEARNED QUOTATIONS. (Positively for the last time this season.)

TO THE EDITOR.

SIR, I am not quite sure whether it was before or after the building of Babel, but I believe somebody has said, long before my time, that a downright contradiction between persons who support the same cause, shows that their arguments do not rest on a very sure foundation.

rest of their conduct is but seldom calculated to create much respect; and the dispute in which the whole of this discussion has originated, furnishes a pretty good speci men of erudite warfare. The first attack was made by a learned gentleman, on account of some slip of the pen, er some error of the press; and the attacked scholar felt se sore on the subject, that he first gave a good scolding to yourself and assistants, and then turned with great wrath against his assailant, whom he called a cobbler; the ob bler pleaded guilty; but pretended to understand many things besides his regular profession, and among others the art of making gold: this seemed, at first sight, to be very pleasing intelligence; but when I took a nearer view of the materials upon which he meant to work, I thought that he had got altogether upon the wrong scent; and I, naturally enough, exclaimed, with great anxiety,-"Str. cus!" oh, fie! Domine Sutor, fie !— “ No more of that, and you love me." I am, very respectfully, yours,

ANTI-BARBARUS, JUNIOL

Liverpool, November 16, 1824.

Scientific Records.

GEOLOGY.

[FROM THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW.]

An Abstract of a New Theory of the Formation of the Earth. By IRA HILL, A. M. Baltimore, 18 pp. 211.

The people, generally called the ancients, are not men of a particular epocha, or of a particular country, but men selected among the flower of various ages and territories; it is, therefore, extremely unfair to set them up in competition with our cotemporaries. Men of genius are always scarce; and the living generation cannot, of course, produce as many of them as may be exhibited by past ages all in a row. In the mean time, it is far from being true, (Concluded from our last.) that the writings of antiquity contain more wisdom than During a long lapse of centuries, from the time of Oril, those of our own times; and the gentlemen, who make little seems to have been done in contriving any better the assertion, can only be excused on the ground on which mode of world-making, than the ancient sages had Your correspondent Y. Z. has positively advanced that we forgive every honest story-teller, who has so often re-ployed, or in attempting to penetrate more deeply into th inysteries of creation, than is warranted by the reveal the Greeks had the meanness to steal from the East her peated his tale that he finishes with believing it himself. truths of Scripture. After a wide blank of ages, De morals and her philosophy; and Mr. Quotator advances The ancients are not our elders in a moral point of view, cartes came forward as the inventor of a new system of quite as positively, that if the Greeks had had the same since they lived, more or less, during the infancy of cosmogony. To his exploits we have already alluded. inducements to quote that we now possess-(possess induce-human acquirements: it is our knowledge that has been in the wildness of his theory, as in the extravagance of his Next to Descartes may be ranked Dr. Burnet, as well ments! what an expression for a classical scholar!) they ripened and improved by the experience of ages; and conceptions, and the native fertility of his imagination. would also have indulged in the practice. every person of common sense, who has received a decent No modern world-maker has built his airy castle with modern education, knows infinitely more than the cleverest more ingenuity, or decorated it more gorgeously. In the Greek or Roman could possibly know. Our predecessors extent of his aims he falls behind the contriver of the vor had not, and could not have, any ideas beyond our com- of the terrestrial ball; whereas, Descartes grasps in the tices, for he looks no farther than the origin and revolutions prehension; but we are acquainted with many things of theory of his whirlpools the systems of all worlds, and which they were ignorant. Our morals are purer than puts in motion the wheels and springs of universal nature theirs ever were, and they are not confined to a few philosophers, but spread over all the civilized world; our philosophy has a firmer step, and proceeds on more solid ground; our acquaintance with astronomy, natural history, chemistry, mechanics, in short every thing really important, is infinitely superior to what they knew about those things. Moreover, the history of our own times is richer, in multiplicity and magnitude of events, than that of any other epocha whatsoever: antiquity never had such a period as that from 1789 to 1814. We have ourselves witnessed greater struggles, and seen mightier interests at stake than any preceding generation; and we have also ascertained, that, even in the midst of the general convulsion, the arts and sciences have not retrograded, but have, on the contrary, derived new vigour from the variously contending interests.

I do not exactly conceive what particular inducements should move the countrymen of Shakespeare, Milton, and Pope to quote for ever from the ancients, or why the townsmen of Roscoe and Rushton should not be able to express their sentiments in their own language; but we may setttle that point hereafter.

The early history of the Greeks is so intermixed with fables, that it would be impossible to decide on the exact degree of obligation, which they owed to prior inhabitants of the earth; but we know that, comparatively speaking, they were but a modern nation, and that they had not invented the art of writing. The nations of the East were already degenerated by the time which introduces them to our notice; but they had, undoubtedly, left records, to which the Greeks might, at least, have alluded, if they had been willing; ljust as the author of what is called the Book of Joshua alludes to a previous writer, in the 10th chapter, verse 13, where he exclaims Is not this written in the book of Jasher?" Considering, however, the very good use which the Greeks made of their time, I cannot possibly blame them for the neglect with which It behoves us, therefore, to consider, whether the study they treated their predecessors; and, if there should be really something wrong in such behaviour, we may lay of ancient literature is now actually so beneficial as it has the very flattering unction to our souls, that a similar re- been in former times; and whether most of the wise proach cannot be made to the moderns, for they have not maxims of antiquity would not now be mere commononly done ample justice to the worthies of former ages, place observations, if they were delivered in modern idiby preserving their memory, but they have even carried oms. I must confess that I have some misgivings on that their veneration to such an excess, that some of them dare head; and that I feel a little inclined to ascribe the shynot advance the merest truism without supporting it withness of the learned to reasons of a similar nature; they a passage from the dead languages.

I perfectly agree with Mr. Quotator when he says that a writer ought to polish and refine what he publishes: but I also maintain that his embellishments should be made in the language in which he writes, and that it is sheer laziness when he has recourse to quotations as often as he gets fast for an expression. It might perhaps be excused in a hasty production, but I cannot see why the

have paid very dearly for their knowledge, and they wish
to keep it as much as possible to themselves; they preserve
their mysteries nearly as faithfully as free-masons do theirs,
and, probably, for the very same reason.

They only lift, now and then, a corner of the veil, to
show a few quotations which are to strike us with awe, by
letting us suppose that they could say a great deal more,
if such were their pleasure. Unfortunately, however, the

|

In imitation of his predecessors, Dr. Burnet begins with the elements of chaos, which he fashions without difficulty cesses of creation, but take the world as it rose in primate to his liking. We will not follow him through his freshness from his hands, and hint only at the disast revolution by which, in consequence of its peculiar co mation, it was doomed to be convulsed and disfigure This globe of earth, he informs us, was at first round nor marred with such unseemly, bays and oceans, as smooth, not deformed by frowning, craggy mountai rest on its surface. Rivers there were, but not like m dern rivers, hurrying along with dashing cataracts, foaming eddies, and furious rapids; they moved w tranquil dignity to an expanse of glassy waters, who monarch then, nor had Eolus strength to raise hi pose no angry tempest invaded. Neptune was a pov bering storms and winds. The elements were frid one another and to man, and had not learnt to wage the devouring wars, to which they have since been so m the golden age, the perennial spring addicted. Then were the happy days of which poets sing

Ver erat aeternum, placidique tependibus auris Mulcebant zephyri natus sine semine flores. dance, man lived without labour, the plains and the hi The fruits of the earth came forth in spontaneous ab were always green and fragrant, made fertile by the ma ture of dews and the beams of the sun, the heavens we bright, and the season without change. Such was t world before the deluge, and it is one of the chief labo of Bishop Burnet to explain the causes, by which it h been reduced to its present condition.

In moulding his chaos into a ball, he makes the he vier and harder parts settle to the centre; around th globe thus conglomerated he spreads a layer of water; above this comes a solid crust, which constitutes the sur overshadowed by clouds, nor cooled by rains, it was d face of the habitable earth. As this surface was neve posed perpetually to the scorching heat of the sun. Crac began to appear, which grew broader and deeper, till a

length they penetrated to the layer of water, and this outer But we design not to push our inquiries so far. Our scooping out the excavation now called the Bay of Fundy, covering fell with tumultuous uproar into the nether purpose is answered, if it has been made to appear, as we swept, with "awful grandeur," over the New England abyss the waters gushed out, and the general deluge trust it has, that precedents are sufficiently numerous and States. "Nova Scotia rested on strata not to be shaken." ensued. Mountains reared their sightless heads in one respectable to rescue any person from the charge of a mis-Long Island was produced by the junction of this torrent part, immense caverns yawned in another to receive the use of time or talents, in devising new theories of the earth; with the ocean. And now ensued a fray worthy to be reoutpoured oceans from the central regions, vapours as- and especially ought the ambition, which prompts to such corded in all veracious history, and to stand in high places ended, clouds gathered, rivers foamed over precipices, an enterprise, to be considered praiseworthy and high- among the annals of departed ages. We give the descripand the beautiful temple of the world was converted into minded, after so many champions have retired discomfited tion in the author's own inimitable language. a ruin. Mortals, whose lot has been cast in these dege- from the field. We have the satisfaction to feel, therefore, nerate times, can form but a feeble conception of the pri- that we have discharged our duty towards the author of the mitive earth; such only as we have of the splendour of an new theory before us, so far as that duty consists in showancient city, by wandering over its remains, and contem-ing, that no apology is necessary on his part for giving plating its fallen columns, its decaying monuments, and himself up to these pursuits, and that he is borne out by buried edifices. examples, which he may well be proud to imitate, in claiming his theory as an original one.' Should any reader doubt the accuracy of this statement, we beg he will again look over what we have written. Some, perhaps, may have the fastidiousness to say, that the very name of theory carries with it an air of suspicion; and that, in the important matter of world-making, it is better to have one plain fact than a thousand theories, which can be little more, after all, than so many hypotheses, conjectures, or speculations. Others may fancy themselves wise in discovering few indications of a sound understanding, or rational science, in the theories we have sketched, and be ready to lament with Juvenal, that common sense is so rare a quality among the inhabitants of the earth, and to declare, that, if all men were cosmogonists, nothing could have been more in the spirit of truth and wisdom, than the courageous attempt of Democritus, junior, to prove the whole world insane. Such impertinent objections as these we shall not stop to answer, but proceed without delay to the author's new theory.

But the catastrophe, bewailed more than any other by Dr. Burnet, was the terrible shock which the earth suffered in being wrenched from its original posture in regard to the sun. He says, "when the earth escaped so narrowly from being shipwrecked in the great deluge, it was so broken and disordered, that it lost its equal poise, and thereupon the centre of its gravity changing, one pole became more inclined towards the sun, and the other more removed from it, and so its right and parallel situation, which it had before to the axis of the ecliptic, was changed into an oblique, in which skew posture it hath stood ever since, and is likely so to do for some ages to come." How many ages, the ingenious author does not predict. He seems wholly absorbed with the calamity itself, which has caused the changes of the seasons, the extremes of winter and summer, tempests, thunders, lightnings, hurricanes, earthquakes, and all the furious conflicts of the elements; and so great is his horTo at these things, that he assures us, if Archimedes could have found a place to fix his lever, he should wish him to have been employed in no higher enterprise, than that of prizing back the earth to its original position, thus restoring to us "the comfort of a perpetual spring, which we have lost by its dislocation ever since the deluge.' After having described the formation of the earth, its past changes, and present disorders, the author concludes his theory by a methodical account of its final dissolution; and although his work defies the majesty of science, and boasts little of the wisdom of philosophy, it claims an honourable rank among the trophies of fancy.

Whiston made a New Theory of the earth, resembling, in some of its features, the one just noticed. It was his opinion that a comet was cooled by a long voyage beyond the orbit of Saturn, its atmosphere condensed, and that this, together with the nucleus of the comet, constituted the chaos mentioned in the scriptures. The eccentric orbit was changed to one of a more circular form. The nucleus of the comet was converted into a central solid, and around this was the abyss of waters made by the condensation of the comet's tail. The whole was enveloped in an exterior covering, which the ingenious theorist, being a mathematician, calculated to be 200 miles thick. This envelopment was dry and habitable, and the affairs of this world went on quietly and prosperously, till, in an evil hour, the earth ran into the tail of a comet, which was suddenly condensed to rain, and poured so heavy a burden on the surface, as to break the outer shell, force the waters from beneath, and produce a universal deluge. When the earth was happily rescued from this perilous adventure in the comet's tail, the rain ceased, and the waters fled for refage, some into the beds of oceans, seas, lakes, and others to their central prison, where they have ever since been confined.

Many other theories might be enumerated. Leibnitz, the rival of Newton, believed the earth to be an extinguished sun, on the surface of which, as it gradually cooled, vapours were condensed into water. The notion of Buffon was much the same, except that he believed the earth and other planets to be only fragments of the sun, splintered from its surface by the concussion of a comet, which had unwittingly broken loose from its orbit, and hurried to its destruction in the consuming embrace of the king of fires. Kepler thought the earth a living animal, sustained by a regular circulation of internal fluids, and winging its way through the heavens by its own vital energy. According to Demaillet, says M. Cuvier," the globe was covered with water for many thousand years. He supposed that this water had gradually retired; that all the terrestrial animals were originally inhabitants of the sea; that man himself began his career as a fish; and he asserts, that it is not uncommon, even now, to meet with fishes in the ocean which are still only half men, but whose descendants will in time become perfect human beings." Thus, in following the chain of theories, we might go on from step to step, till we should find ourselves swallowed up and lost in the deep gulf of the controversy, which has and Vulcanians. 123ed with so much heat between the modern Neptunians

As far as we can judge, he is a decided Vulcanian, although much less inveterate in his enmity to water, than some other disciples of this school. In his analysis of chaos, the element of water holds a conspicuous place. In fact, the body of chaos itself seems to have been of a fluid, pulpy consistency, and the author affirms, that when the earth was first formed into a sphere, "there were no rocks nor stones in the whole confused mass," so well is he versed in the scenes

"Where eldest Night

And Chaos, ancestors of Nature, hold
Eternal anarchy, amidst the noise
Of endless wars."

Notwithstanding the acknowledged abundance of water
in the wild dominions of Chaos, our theorist's favourite
element is fire, to whose agency he mainly ascribes the
great work of creation. At first, it would seem, the fire
was latent, and without heat, and the author explains the
manner in which this important property was elicited.
"When the world was fashioned," he says, "the con-
cussion of particles of matter in consolidating would pro-
duce heat." The greater the uproar, therefore, the more
violent the heat, and the sooner the work would be accom-
plished. By some accident, the chaotic elements did not
resolve themselves into regular and well constituted masses;
volumes of fire were pent up within impenetrable barriers
of earth and stone, where they increased in fury and
strength, till they burst from their confinement with terri-
ble explosions and devastation. Immense rocks were torn
from their roots in the nether recesses of the earth,
and thrown up to be mountains on its surface, fear-
ful caverns opened their dark vaults to receive the waters,
and make new oceans. In this way, all the dry land had
been raised above the face of the deep; to a succession of
earthquakes, proceeding from this subterranean furnace,
we are indebted for continents, islands, seas, lakes, rivers,
mountains, hills, valleys, and every variety of conformation,
which renders the globe a fit dwelling-place for man.

This will suffice for an outline of the author's new theory. In a case so obvious, we deem it unnecessary to enter more fully into its general merits; but we should do injustice both to the theorist, and to such of our readers as may not have been favoured with a perusal of his works, were we to pass over in silence his account of the time and manner in which our continent came into being. All those parts of this western hemisphere, through which run the ridges of the Andes, the Stony mountains, and the Alleganies, were raised at the time of the general deluge, and were the cause of that catastrophe. The masses of rocks, which form these mountains, were thrust up by one tremendous explosion of the central fire, and the superincumbent waters, thus driven from their ancient beds, rolled to the eastern hemisphere, overspread the old world, and destroyed the inhabitants, as recorded in the Scriptures.

The north east part of America had a much later origin, although the author forbears to mention the precise period when this event took place. He dwells chiefly on its effects. The regions of Greenland and Labrador arose at once: a current was forced to the south-west, which, after

"The current of the ocean overspread all the low lands of the Atlantic states, and was enjoying uninterrupted dominion where our largest cities, delightful plantations, and luxurious farms now appear. But suddenly its regal sway, its imperial authority was attacked. The waters, which had been confined beyond the mountains, as if ambitious of a nobler sway, now burst the bounds that had confined them, and, with an irresistible impetuosity, rushed to attack the ocean, which had extended beyond his natural domains, and presumed to attack the mountains. The majestic Hudson, elated by the conquest of the firm barriers that confined him, armed with the soil and fragments of the mountains he had conquered, in awful grandeur overspreading the country, dared dispute the power of the ocean. Accelerated by the numerous auxiliaries from the mountains, and strengthened by arming himself with every rock that opposed his passage, the ocean himself retired at his approach. But from the attack of the powerful Hudson, who moved from the mountains of freedom, the tyrant ocean would have held his dominion over the most luxuriant parts of the middle and southern states. He would have extended Long Island to the highlands of Jersey, and destined the site of the emporium of the new world to be a stagnant marsh or a barren plain. The Hudson turned the proud currents of the ocean to the south, removed the sands and rocks, which would have united the island to the main, and preserved a harbour unequalled in the world."—pp. 96–98.

Such were the daring attempts, such the proud success of the Hudson. But notwithstanding this humiliating discomfiture of the ocean, its towering pride was not subdued; it made other encroachments, rushed headlong into other encounters, and again met with a like disgraceful repulse. Listen once more to the author.

"As the God of nature never formed a nobler stream, or one which is capable of being converted to more important uses, than the Susquehanna, it is to be expected that such a river would weigh much either in favour or against our theory. This noble river rescued from the gloomy embrace of the ocean millions of acres, which now are adorned by rich harvests, pleasant villages, and magnificent cities. Before the ocean was met by the Susquehanna, he had recovered from the shocks experienced from the Hudson and the Delaware, and was again pressing his forces towards the mountains. Had this noble river been an experienced warrior, standing on the top of the Alleganies, surrounded by invincible legions, and marked the foe of freedom marching to defile, by his footsteps, the holy sanctuary of liberty, he could not have moved more effectually to repel the baleful intruder. As the accumulated force of the Susquehanna approached, the current of the ocean was again driven from the shores, and turned to the south."-p. 102.

Should our inquisitive readers not be satisfied with these specimens of the author's manner, and with this briet sketch of his theory, we can do them no better service than to recommend the perusal of the work itself. We should be happy to unfold to them his new theory of the tides, but our allotted space is already filled up, and we can only assure them, that this is quite as novel and edifying as the theory of the earth and of deluges. With true magnanimity he disdains the trammels of such men as Newton and La Place, and chooses to wear no chains but those of his own fabricating. If we have succeeded in gathering his meaning, the tides are caused by the rays of light passing through the atmosphere; but we will not dimi nish, by broken hints or imperfect descriptions, the pleasures in store for the curious, who may engage in a thorough examination of the subject.

Should the thought intrude itself upon any person, after reading the above remarks, that we have not a due respect for the science of geology, he will be in a mistake. We think it a noble and useful science, and worthy of the great minds by which it has been so much improved within the last half century. It is not the science to which we object, but the theory; not the facts, but the speculations; not the realities, but the dreams. Geology, in its legiti mate objects, is a science of observation and analysis, and should be confined within its proper limits. The structure, the gradual revolutions, and the component parts of the earth, are subjects capable of investigation, and have their utility; but inquiries about the original elements of chaos, and the formation of the globe out of these elements, are as preposterous as they are fruitless, and, in the present stage of mental progress, they will rarely gain admittance into a mind, from which philosophy and com mon sense have not been banished.

We have in our possession a very valuable and scarce work, in folio, of about 700 pages, by Giambatista Lolli. Its title runs thus:-Osservazione Teoriche Pratiche sopra il guioco degli, scacchi," &c. This work, from which we took our last week's position, contains many similar chess problems, which we purpose to translate into our chess language.

ARTIFICIAL TEETH, by Mr. BEREN per week, a rich Repository of Fashion, Wit, and Humour, the strongest impression on the author of Childe Harit GEON-DENTIST, 25, Bold-street, warranted to remain per and the interesting incidents of Real Life, the price of I shall never forget the divine expression of his features fectly secure and comfortable in the mouth, without tying, which is Seven-pence, is a full-sized Quarto Weekly it was the serene air of power and of genius, and, acad twisting wires, or any fastening whatever to the adjoining Teeth, and yet so effectually secured, that the most powerful Newspaper, published in London every Saturday After- ing to my feeling, Lord Byron had not that momat motions of the jaws, in eating, cannotdisplaceor injurethem, noon, in time for that Day's Post, by which fixed without pain, and adapted with such accuracy to the re received in any part of the country, within one hundred may be affectation to reproach himself with. maining Teeth, that not the least difference can be felt, nei miles of London, on the Sunday Morning. Orders at-tems of tragedy. The English Poet maintained th "We made a comparison of Alfieri and Schiller's ther can the minutest observer distinguish them. These Teeth can, with ease, be taken out, cleaned, and replaced tended to by all the London and Country Newspaper was extremely absurd, that in Alfieri's Philip II. Agents, Booksellers, and Postmasters; also by Messrs. Carlos should, without any difficulty, and in the va Smiths, No. 192, Strand, London. scene, he found tete-a-tete with the wife of the of the art, that Lord Byron, turning to his neighb poetry, advanced such extraordinary positions on the to Philip. Monti, who has been so happy in the pract said to him, speaking of Monti, He knows not hon a poet.'

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A Complete COURSE of PURE and MIXED MATHEMATICS, including the latest improvements in every branch, with many hundred examples for exercise.

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Biographical Notices.

LORD BYRON AND COUNT STENDAL.

Author of the Architectural Dictionary, &c. &c. &c.
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M.

Byron. When he was elevated, and talked with ent From that day, I passed every evening with L siasm, his sentiments were noble, great, gero word, on a par with his genius. But in the pre moments of his life, the sentiments of the poet also appeared to me very ordinary. He had a great deal about of ide vanity-a constant and boyish dread of appearing ridi lous, and, if I may venture to say it, of that hypocrisy which the English call cant. He seemed to me alway ready to make a compromise with any prejudice, if it cured him its applause.

"There was one point about him which partially struck the Italians, and that was, that it was evident The following sketch of Lord Byron is extracted from great poet was much prouder of his descent from the a work on that noble poet, published at Paris, by a Ma- Byrons of Normandy, who accompanied William dame L. S. Belloc. better known by his pseudonym Count Stendal. It is from the pen of M. Beyle, and of Lara. I was lucky enough to raise his care queror to England, than of being the author of Fu Beyle, besides his epigrammatic and lively mode of ex- the retreat from Moscow, which, in 1816, were not qu by the personal details I gave him about Napoleon, pression, is a man of acute mind and great knowledge of everybody's mouth. That sort of merit procured the world. His observations on the character of Lord veral walks with him, tete-a-tete, in the immense and Byron are, therefore, of more than ordinary value. M. Beyle, it will be observed, refers more than once to the tary green-room of La Scala. The great man made appearance and manner of Lord Byron, as bearing a re- appearance for half an hour every evening, and the semblance in certain particulars to Napoleon. He had was the finest conversation I ever met with in my better opportunities of observing the Emperor than the together, that I fancied that I had never before fet poet. He was Private Secretary to Napoleon, whom he During the remaining part of the evening, he volcano of novel and generous sentiments so m accompanied in the terrible Russian expedition and re- thoroughly the Englishman and the Noble Lord, Elements, which are inserted verbatim from Simson's ed is from the pen of M. Beyle (better known under the fic- was then composing Childe Harold; every morning The following piquant sketch of Lord Byron's character dine with him, which he repeated from time to time. could never make up my mind to accept his invitations Geometry, Mensuration, Mechanics, Gauging, Land-Survey-titious name of Count Stendal) a letter to whom from his wrote a hundred verses, which, in the evening, he reduce ing, Astronomy, Spherics, Optics, Hydrostatics, Logarithms, Lordship, on the character of Sir Walter Scott, has been to twenty or thirty. Between these periods of labour &c. &c. being the most complete System for the Use of Schools printed by Captain Medwin at the end of his Conversa- had need of relaxation, and he found the necessary an and Students ever published. Printed for G. B. Whittaker, Ave-Maria-lane, London; and tions: to be had of all Booksellers. "I should be happy, Madame, to be able to give you in the most easy and familiar manner possible. some information for the work which you are preparing ment in talking after dinner, with his elbows on the tab on Lord Byron. It is true that I spent several months Byron admired Napoleon, as Napoleon himself a "I remarked, that in his moments of inspiration Le in the company of that great poet; but really it is not an Corneille. In his ordinary moments, when Lord S easy thing to speak of him. I never saw Lord Byron at felt himself un grand seigneur, he endeavoured to any of those moments which fully display the character; ridicule on the Exile of St. Helena. There is no what I know of that extraordinary man is nothing more that he felt great envy of the brilliant part of Napl than the recollection of one of my character; his sublime expressions vexed him; can I give you an account of my recollections, without him quite out of humour, by repeating the famous 2. THE VOCAL LIBRARY, containing Two Thousand speaking of myself? and how can I venture to speak ofmation to the army in Egypt, Soldiers, remembe Two Hundred of the most approved Songs of all descriptions, myself, after naming Lord Byron? more reconciled to Napoleon, if he had had a little of looking down upon you. Lord Byron would have from the summits of these pyramids forty center is, that it was not at all the odious and despotic p Napoleon's character which displeased the English Pe tame appearance of Washington. What is amusing e promenading with me, in the green-room of La some person came and told him that the Austr "One evening, when Lord Byron did me the ha on guard at the theatre had arrested his secretary, M. lidori, a physician, who attended him. Lord By that of Napoleon, when he was in a rage. Seven of countenance instantly exhibited a striking resemblance persons accompanied him to the corps de garde: the was quite magnificent with compressed indignation of Signor de Breme, we began praising the aristo energy during a whole hour that the officer on guard blustering with vulgar passion. On our return to the principles which were generally great favourites with l in a rage, but, externally, displayed nothing but the Byron. He felt the irony and quitted the box, intern perfect politeness. Next day the secretary was oblig quit Milan.

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the Theatre of Scala, at Milan, in the box of Signor
It was during the autumn of 1816 that I met him at
Luigi de Breme. I was particularly struck with Lord
Byron's eyes, at the moment he was listening to a sestetto
in Mayer's opera of Elena. Never in my life had I ever
distance of time, whenever I think of the expression
seen any thing finer or more expressive. Even at this
which a great painter should give to a genius, that sub-
lime head all at once appears before me. I felt at the
moment a fit of enthusiasm, and laying aside the just re-
pugnance which every man rather proud should feel in
getting himself presented to an English nobleman, I re-
Next day I dined with him at the same gentleman's
quested Signor de Breme to introduce me to his Lordship.
house, along with the celebrated Monti. We talked
twelve most beautiful verses composed during the last
about poety, and the question was asked, which were the
century in French, Italian, or English. All the Italians
present agreed in praising the twelve first verses of Munti's
poem Mascheroniana, as the finest which their language
had produced for a century. During the time that Monti
was good enough to recite them to us, he looked at Lord
Byron-he was in raptures. That shade of hauteur, or
rather the air of a man who feels himself in the situation
of repelling an intrusion, which somewhat disfigured his
fine countenance, all at once disappeared, and was replaced
by a look expressive of happiness. The first canto of the
Mascheroniana, of which Monti recited nearly the whole,
in obedience to the acclamations of the auditors, produced

the death of the celebrated geometer Lorenzo Mascheroni.
A Poem of Monti on Bonaparte, composed on occasion of

I

wards to accompany his Lordship to the Musera di Br "Signor de Breme prevailed upon me shortly admired the depth of feeling with which this great entered into the merits of painters the most opposin in their style; Raphael, Guercino, Luini, Titian, Hagar dismissed by Abraham, by Guercino, quite ele trified him; from that moment admiration kept us silent; he improvised for a whole hour, much better, my opinion, than ever did Madame de Stael