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About this time she was strongly urged by a select name ber of families at Liverpool to make that town her m dence, they engaging to find her as many pupils as sh might feel disposed to accept. After many argumen pro and con, with the poor father, who was grown nervous and feeble, she was at length permitted to provided she came over every Saturday, and remained him till the Monday. This she continued to do for al time, though the distance by land and water was dles's life's busy scene:" he breathed his last in the a 85 miles. We are now drawing to the close of poor Ra tumn of 1820, leaving three daughters and a son, latter being organist of Holywell, in Flintshire. After their affairs were arranged, the daughters removed to Liverpool, where they still remain, our interesting heroine being a welcome visitor at the houses of the mod opulent inhabitants of that flourishing town.

It also gives us pleasure to state that her income, added to what Mr. Randles left, will ensure her and her sisters a most comfortable maintenance for life.

The Naturalist's Diary.

APRIL, 1825.

[From Time's Telescope.]

Of all the months that fill the year,
Give April's month to me,

For earth and sky are then so filled
With sweet variety!

The apple-blossoms' shower of pearl,
The pear-tree's rosier hue,
As beautiful as woman's blush,
As evanescent too.

The purple light, that like a sigh
Comes from the violet bed,
As there the perfumes of the East
Had all their odours shed.

The wild-briar rose, a fragrant cup
To hold the morning's tear;
The bird's eye, like a sapphire star,
The primrose, pale like fear.

The balls that hang like drifted snow
Upon the guelder-rose,

The woodbine's fairy trumpets, where
The elf his war-note blows.

On every bough there is a bud,
In every bud a flower;

But scarcely bud or flower will last
Beyond the present hour.

Now comes a shower-cloud o'er the sky,
Then all again sunshine;

Then clouds again, but brightened with
The rainbow's coloured line.

Aye, this, this is the month for me!
I could not love a scene

Where the blue sky was always blue,
The green earth always green.

L. E. L

th all its caprices, we like the month of April; we hose laughing and crying days, when sun and shade rise in billows over the landscape. We like to see dden shower coursing over the meadow, and giving ature a greener smile; and the bright sunbeams g the flying cloud, and turning all its drops into ads; we like to hear and to feel

The sweet winds that gently fly,

And sweep the spring's enamelled floor.

for the fair; the rough-rinded elm, grave and sedatelooking, even in its youth, and already bespeaking the future green-robed senator of mighty woods;"-these, with the white-stemmed ash, the alder, artificial-looking hornbeam, and the as yet bare oak, make up this silent but happy company.

The arrival of the swallow, about the middle of this month, foretels the approach of summer, whose coming, however, is too often retarded by the return of winter in angry mood, hurling his last hail-storms at the "proudpied" and flower-wreathed head of April; but

the brightest day hath a cloud;
And, after April, full oft succeeds

Barren winter, with his wrathful, nipping cold:
So cares and joys abound, as seasons fleet.

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Hence the swallow has been thus apostrophized by the
elegant and accomplished Family Circle," who have
written so many beautiful" POEMS FOR YOUTH."
Wild tenant of the changeful year,
That borne upon the southern wind,
Across the ocean's distant waves,
Wouldst here a sheltering region find;
Too soon, alas! from brighter climes
Thou heedless spread'st thy truant wings;
Too soon thou hither com'st to greet,
With artless notes, the infant spring.

In hoary winter's palsied lap
The infant spring all cradled lies,
Whilst round the nursling's tender form
The bitter storms unpitying rise.

For thee, amid the noontide beam,

No gossamer floats along the vale;
And fled the various insect tribes,
That revel in the summier gale.

Behind yon mountain's misty brow
The low'ring storm is gathering fast,
And sweeps along the cultured plain,

And wakes the wind and welkin blast. After the swallow, the next bird that appears is the nightingale (motaci/la luscinia), whose praises have been chaunted by poets of every clime, and have occupied many a page in this month's Diary of our previous volumes. In our climate, the nightingale seldom sings above six weeks, generally commencing the last week in April. If we happen to be wandering forth (observes the chronicler of The Months') on a warm, still evening, during the last week in this month, and passing near a road-side orchard, or skirting a little copse in returning from our twilight ramble, or sitting listlessly on a lawn near some thick plantation, waiting for bed-time, we may chance to be at a sweet flush of new green has started up to the startled from our meditations (of whatever kind they may fthis meadow! And the new-born daisies that stud be) by a sound, issuing from among the distant leaves. and there, give it the look of an emerald sky pow-That is the nightingale's voice. The cold spells of winter, with snowy stars. See, upon the sloping sides of that had kept him so long tongue-tied, and frozen the ank beneath the hedge-row, what companies of deep fountains of his heart, yield before the mild breath ses are dedicating their pale beauties to the pleasant of Spring, and he is voluble once more. It is as if the that blows over them, and looking as faint withal flood of song had been swelling within his breast ever hey had senses that could ache' at the rich sweet- since it last ceased to flow, and was now gushing forth unthe hidden violets that are growing here and there controllably, and as if he had no will to control it: for them. The intermediate spots of the bank are now when it does stop for a space, it is suddenly, as if for want covered from sight by the various green weeds that of breath." The sweet song of the nightingale has been up every where, and begin to fill the interstices termed melancholy from the time of Homer to the present the lower stems of the hazel, the hawthorn, the day; but we have shown in our former volumes that this Le eglantine, and the woodbine, that unite their opinion is entirely erroneous; and, in support of this bird's Farms together above, to form the natural inclo merry note, we have adduced many authorities: we now hat prettiest feature in our English scenery-or at subjoin that of Eschylus, in his Agamemnon, who says, at which communicates a picturesque beauty to rest. Of the abovenamed shrubs, the hazel is as yet in leaf; the scattered leaves of the woodof a dull purplish green, are fully spread; the n blossom, offering a pretty but scentless imitation weet hawthorn-bloom that is to come next month; ster is now vigorously putting forth its crisp and filigree-work of tender green, tipped with red; eglantine, or wild rose, in all its innocent varieties, ing its green hands as if to welcome the sun. En. the little copse which this inclosure separates from adow, we shall find, on the ground, all the low and ig plants pushing forth their various-shaped leaves

fans, blades, fingers, fringes, and a score of other l forms; and some of them bearing flowers: among are the wood-anemone, the wood-sorrel, and the * Bethlehem; also, the primrose is to be found here, t so rich and full blown as on the open sunny bank. ́ead, and level with our hands and eyes, we find all ang forest-trees (except the oak) in a kind of half.

among these are conspicuous the graceful birch, ng its head like a half-shamefaced, half-affected el; the trim beech, spruce as a village gallant dressed

|

Ah me! ah me! the nightingale's sweet lot!

A sweet existence that lamenteth not;

and part of a beautiful ode to this charming songster, by Mr. CONDOR, from his volume entitled the "Star in the East, and other Poems," lately published.

Thou sad! whose heart such love discloses !
Thou, spring's gay courtier! Thou, the rose's
Fond paramour in foreign bowers-
Though, in this Christian land of ours,
Thou dost so sweetly preach, in sooth,
Of nuptial bliss and wedded truth,
In notes that seem to tell its blisses
In set-to-music kisses.

Thy trill, and jug, and gurgling murmur,
Now changed to accents louder, firmer,
Like cuckoo-call; now higher still,
In lark-like strain or whistle shrill,
Responsive to thy lady-mate;

(For who but she the voice can own, Which doth so sweetly iterate

That same wild, touching monotone?)

Then, mellowed down, an under-strain,
Like birdish laughter, as again
The summons comes, a sweet soprana
From thy most fond sultana;—
O wondrous bird! thy varied measure,
The very soul of pleasure,
Who but an unblest lover could
Have fancied sef in minor mood?
Who but the votary of folly

Have called it melancholy?

That beautiful little bird, the wryneck, next makes its appearance, preceding the cuckoo by a few days, whose soft and mellow, yet powerful voice seems to fill the whole concave of the heavens with its two mysterious notes, the most primitive of musical melodies. Who can listen to those notes, for the first time in spring, and not feel his schoolboy days come back to him ? and not as he did then

look a thousand ways

In bush, and tree, and sky?

and look in vain, for they are the shyest of all birds; besides, the appearance of this awkward unsightly bird will, probably, for the future, take away all the mystery of the sound, and, with it, the best half of its beauty.

The other summer birds of passage which arrive this month, make their appearance in the following order :the ring-ousel; the redstart, frequenting old walls and ruinous edifices; the yellow wren, the swift, the white throat, the grasshopper-lark, the smallest of the lark kind; and the willow-wren, which, as well as the house-wren, destroys many pernicious insects. The kite now approaches farm-houses and villages, in search of food and materials for constructing his nest; at other times, unless pinched by hunger, he cautiously avoids man and all his haunts. [To be continued.]

The Investigator.

[Comprehending Political Economy, Statistics, Jurisprndence, occasional passages from Parliamentary Speeches of a general nature, occasional Parliamentary Documents, and other speculative subjects, excluding Party Politics.]

ANTIQUITY OF CALICO PRINTING.

It is a well understood fact, that calico printing was introduced into Europe from the East; but it is not so generally known that the art was practised by the ancient Egyptians. That such was the case, however, is perfectly clear from the following passage in Pliny's Natural His tory, lib. 35. c. 2.- Fingunt et vestes in Egypto, mirabili genere; candida vela, postquam attrivere illinentes, non coloribus, sed cololorem sorbentibus medicamentis. Hoc cum fecere, non apparet in velis; sed in cortinam pigmenti ferventis mersa, post momentum extrahuntur picta. Mirumque cum sit unus in cortina colos, ex illo alius atque alius fit in veste, accipientis medicamenti, qualitate mutatis Nec postea ablui potest." Translation:

a

In Egypt they produce coloured figures on garments in a remarkable manner. Having first rubbed into the white cloths a (liquid) application, not of colours, but of drugs, which absorb or fix colours. (Probably they did not use blocks, but applied their mordaunts by means of brush or pencil.) When they have done this, it does not show upon the cloths; but these being plunged into a cauldron of dye, in a boiling state, are immediately after taken out coloured, (i. e. with coloured figures or patterns upon them, as the word pictus always denotes, when applied to any article of dress.) It is remarkable, that though there is only one colour in the vat or cauldron, it produces several different colours in the garment, being changed according to the properties of the drug which receives it; nor can it be afterwards removed by washing."The two following passages also seem to relate to the same art. Apuleius, (lib. xi.) speaking of a person who was initiated into the rites of Isus, describes him as standing before the image of the goddess—“ byssina quidem, sed floride depicta veste conspicuus." Dionysius Periegetes, a Greek metrical geographer, has a passage relating to the Seres (supposed to be a people of Eastern Tartary) to the following effect :-" They card the produce of the uncultivated land, and fabricate variegated and costly gar ments, resembling in colour the flowers of the meadows." The art of interweaving figures on cloth, by varying the arrangement of the warp. was also early practised by the Egyptians. Herodotus (lib. iii. c. 47.) mentions a linen cuirass or breastplate, sent by King Amasis to the Lacedemonians, with many figures of animals woven into it; adding, as a thing extraordinary, that each thread of it, though apparently slender, was composed of three hundred threads, all distinctly visible.--Manchester Guardian,

Correspondence.

LIFTING AT EASTER.

About twelve months since, as will be perceived by the date, we were favoured with the following letter. Something interfered with its appearance at that time, and we have kept it in our portfolio of reserve until the present season. This day's Kaleidoscope will appear just during the season of the absurd practice complained of by our correspondent.

TO THE EDITOR.

that the Corporation intend establishing two schools, for
the gratuitous instruction of the poor, on "the Bell or
Madras, or, to speak more correctly, the Lancasterian sys-
at all surprised, for persons much more intimately con-
tem." That you should be led into this error I am not
nected with schools than you profess to be, entertain the
same opinion. The fact, however, as to the discovery, and
consequently to whom the merit is due, is certain; for Dr.
Bell matured his discovery, and published an epitome of
the system, before Mr. Lancaster ever had the least idea
of such a plan.

whereas, as I have observed before, the principles were
precisely the same, the practices only varying. Mr. Lan-
caster himself, in the several editions of his " • Improve-
ments in Education," published in 1803 and 1805, pub-
licly acknowledges his obligations to Dr. Bell as the au-
thor of the system.

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Miss Foote in Liverpool.-Two attractive concerts day) and to-morrow (Tuesday) at which the celebrates last of the season) are announced for this evening (M Miss Foote, and several distinguished singers, will apes. A great variety of favourite music will be performed, and there is no doubt that Mr. Wilson will be honored by crowded audiences.-See adv.

To Correspondents.

any valuable engraving into one of our publications, to gre it a place also in the other; and in conformity with the practice, we have copied from the Mercury the di and representation of the Low-hill General Cemery, tab ther with some original remarks upon funeral se ́s in various ages and countries. The subject is interesting; and we are glad to perceive that e like that just finished in Liverpool, are either in farve ness, or in contemplation, in various parts of the Whenever they become more general, the change hailed as important, in a moral and national putr and these retired and picturesque places of sepulture w visited by many reflecting persons, who, in ar pa churchyards, would be subject to every species i and annoyance, totally at variance with the inf that contemplation which a visit to the mansio dead is so peculiarly calculated to inspire. R follow up the article in the present Kaleidoscope, FL, va others on the subject of interment in crowded cre have also in reserve a letter from Philatect, on the a ject.

The system was discovered at MADRAS, in the East SIR,-In an age like the present, in such a country as Indies, and acted upon there for upwards of seven years, England, where, in almost every class of society, refine-with the most complete success." Ill health at length ment of manners has attained so general an ascendancy compelled the Doctor to return to his native country, over the uncultivated manners and brutal customs of for- where he published his discovery in 1797. Some time after mer times, it has surprised many others, in common with the publication of this pamphlet, and not till Dr. Bell had should be countenanced and tolerated, which is of itself and the country, Mr. Lancaster opened one in the Borough SECLUDED CEMETERIES.—It is our custom, when we intr myself, that a custom, which stills prevails amongst us, introduced the system into several schools both in London as disgraceful as it is ridiculous and absurd. I allude to road, on the same principle, but varying the practices in the practice of what is denominated "lifting," which is some immaterial points. From this then arises Mr. Lanannually celebrated on Easter Monday and Tuesday; caster's claim to originality of invention. Mr. L. desigthe privilege of the former day being claimed by the men nating his plan by his own name, and as he acted upon to lift the women, and that of the latter day vice versa. the principle of mutual tuition, induced many people to The practice of the former day is, however, gradually sub-imagine it an entirely new discovery and different system; siding, and has become almost obsolete, whilst that of the latter is observed in many cases with indecency and outrage. I consider it necessary here to state, that the class of women engaged in this unjustifiable frolic is chiefly of the lowest description, who, being assembled in companies, lie in ambush until they observe some one suitable for their prey, generally a person of genteel appearance, whom they chase, and, in the event of overtaking, attack sans ceremonie. Unless the person assailed comes to their terms, by making them some gratuity, they lay hands on him, toss him in the air, and otherwise abuse him; so that, if he do not escape them, he must either submit to be imposed upon, or else be rendered obnoxious as an object of diversion to the surrounding mob. I have heard of several gentlemen who have been exposed to this unpleasant situation; and being myself a man of business, who am daily called in those neighbourhoods where these gangs assemble, I had, to day, to congratulate myself on the possession of a swift pair of heels, which exempted me from being in a similar dilemma; and I can state, from good authority, that some of these parties carry the point so far as to obtrude themselves into merchants' offices with impunity. Our worthy chief magistrates have rendered essential service to those inhabitants who reside on the outskirts of the east end of the town, and to the community at large, by abolishing that resort of disorderly persons, so properly called Folly Fair, where vice and immorality waved their banners, and disseminated their pernicious effects through juvenile circles, and I think it highly necessary that their interference should cause the custom of lifting to be annihilated, it being certainly amenable to the laws. I, therefore, beg to recommend to them the propriety of giving, in due season, annual public notice, denouncing such punishments against all offenders in future, as the grievances here complained of may require.-By inserting this in your valuable miscellany, many will be obliged to you, but none more so than REFORMER.

Liverpool, April 20, 1824.

THE BELL AND LANCASTER SYSTEMS.

TO THE EDITOR.

SIR,-As an admirer of Dr. Bell's system of instruction, and professing to have a practical knowledge of its principles, and of course not unacquainted with its history, I take the liberty of requesting your insertion of the following remarks, in order to correct an assertion in the Mercury of last week.

GOOD FRIDAY being always with our printers a body th somewhat disconcerted our arrangements for the pre week.

Dr. Bell, therefore, is not indebted to Mr. Lancaster for the discovery, nor indeed for any subsequent improvement, though it must be allowed he owes him much for introducing it to public notice; for had it not been for Mr. Lancaster's itinerant lectures the merits of the system would not, perhaps, have been known, as it is, in the present day. For, to the most numerous and highly respectable auditory, his discourse was extremely tiresome, attempting to entertain them with an interview which he had had with his most gracious Majesty, King George the THE BELL AND LANCASTER SYSTEMS.—We have intere Third, how the King complimented him, and what compliments he returned; by which people found that his system was one of self-praise and egotism, rather than a regular well digested plan of instruction, and consequently began to turn their attention to something more rational and more likely to carry into effect the great design of na. tional education. And we need no stronger proof of the superiority of the Madras system, than the decided preference which is given it, in its almost universal adoption by every denomination of Christians. Of its real utility there can be but one opinion; and I verily believe it is the commencement of that glorious era, and the means by which the "knowledge of the Lord shall cover the earth, as the waters cover the sea." Yours, &c.

January 13, 1825.

PHILACRIBRIS.

To effect this, Dr. Bell's discoveries were particularly applicable.

TO THE EDITOR.

SIR,-I am just arrived from the United States, and am forced to declare a goose-quill war against a crooked little scribe in last Wednesday's Liverpool Courier. This little dwarf (the black dwarf, for all I know, from Madras) steps forward, on the public stage, under the serpentine form of the nineteenth letter of the alphabet (S.) His attack on the well-earned fame of Mr. Lancaster is commenced by ringing new changes on the great Bell of Sherburne Hospital. In this age of reason, I wonder any person can be found so unreasonable as to attempt to lessen the universal estimation, so justly due to the celebrated Joseph Lancaster. The Lancasterian system is

Dr. Bell is Master of Sherburne Hospital, Durham, and

In your report of the Council proceedings it is stated, Prebendary of Westminster.

our preceding columns two letters upon the subject l rival pretensions and comparative merits of Dr. Joseph Lancaster; and we have in reserve another e by S. who awards the palm of priority to Dr. Be letter shall be given next week, and if one of the wo who addressed himself originally to the Mercury, happen to see the Kaleidoscope, we trust he wil credit for impartiality on this occasion.

MUSICAL CRITICISM.-We regret that the letter of Fu not arrive until it was too late for insertion this was "! shall have a place in our next.

HAMILTONIAN SYSTEM. We have seen the pamphlet subject, to which a correspondent alludes, and we lose sight of it.

The lines on the death of Mr. S have been mist *** have no doubt that they will be found with

trouble.

Doctor Timothy Twist shall be introduced to our
week.

GYMNASIA. We shall address a note to J. in our
Chiunque shall hear from us next week.

MANCHESTER GRAND SHIP CANAL-The DoD
beginning "One day as Old Neptune," &e are re

our next.

We have further to acknowledge S―s, & Friend, and 1.1

Printed, published, and sold, EVERY TUESDAŤ.

E. SMITH & CO. 75, Lord-street, Liverpo
Sold also by J. Bywater & Co. Pool-lane; Evans,
and Hall, Castle-st.; T. Smith, Paradise-st.; T.W"]
Public Library, Lime-street; E. Willan. B
M. Smith, Tea-dealer and Stationer, Richman
M. Walker, Milliner, Tea-dealer, and Stat
Mount Pleasant; Wm. Freer, S6, Byrom-stre
J. Lowthian, Library, 3, Great George-piace →
ready money only.

OR,

Literary and Scientific Mirror..

"UTILE DULCI."

amiliar Miscellany, from which religiousand political matters are excluded, containsa variety of original and selected Articles: comprehending Literature, Criticism Men and Manners, asement, Elegant Extracts, Poetry, Anecdotes, Biography, Meteorology, the Drama, Arts and Sciences, Wit and Satire, Fashions, Natural History, &c. &c. forming a handsome Annɩ zi une, with an Index and Title-page.—Its circulationrenders it a most eligible medium for Literary and Fashionable Advertisements.-Regular supplies are forwarded weekly to the Agents.

250.- Vol. V.

Natural History.

LETTERS

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can have been more than two on each side in use at the Finally, the name animal of the Ohio, which is the most came time. There are, indeed, found in the jaw-bones of admissible, was not, however, quite suitable, since the young animals, the germs of the sixteen teeth, which Buf-mastodonte is found, not only upon the shores of this river, fon supposed them to contain ; but these teeth, like those and in all North America, but also in many parts of the of the elephant, grew only in succession; when one of Old Continent. them was worn, and ready to become loose, the tooth belegère couche de vie, qui fleurit à la surface du globe, ne hind it was prepared to penetrate the gum. They thus e que des ruines.-Paris: printed, 1824.

THE REVOLUTIONS OF THE GLOBE.

BY M. ALEX. B.

replaced one another, and this animal, like the elephant, finally retained only one tooth on each side; the number, lated expressly for the Kaleidoscope from a recent French work therefore, of its molar teeth, amounted to eight during

LETTER XOF THE MASTODONTES.

le animal, known during a long time in France by name of the animal of the Ohio, and called by M. Cuvier and mastodonte, bore a very great resemblance to the elephant, and was contemporary with it. Its race is Extinct, but its bones have been found, as well as of the elephant, in the two continents, although more frequently in North America than elsewhere. are even so rare in the Old World, that M. Cuvier for time doubted whether or not they had really been

1 there.

e grand mastodonte must have lived at the same time the elephant lived, since its bones are almost always mixed with those of the latter animal. Its general rance and form were the same, with the exception of slight differences; its body, for instance, was longer, its limbs somewhat thicker. Its tusks, and, most ibly, its trunk, were similar to those of the elephant. * mastodonte differed, however, very perceptibly from ephant in the form of its molar teeth, which constithe distinctive characteristic of its organization. tform is, in fact, more rectangular, although in dif:degrees, and they present upon the surface of their is large tuberosities, rounded at the extremities, and sed in pairs, to the number of eight or ten, according species. This form is so peculiar, and so easily resed, that no one can be mistaken in it, who has once An example of it, whether the tuberosities be still peror their rounded extremities worn away by masticaThese teeth are not at all similar to those of carous animals. Among the herbivorous animals known the hippopotamus most resembles the mastodonte

e form of its teeth.

"Let

youth, and only to four towards the end of life. Consequently the mastodonte, which Buffoon supposed to be six or eight times larger than the elephant, did not exceed the size attained by the fossil elephant.

The name mastodonte, substituted by M. Cuvier for all the former, is derived from two Greek words, expressing the principal characteristic by which this animal may be distinguished, namely, the forme mamelonnée of its teeth.

As you may imagine, Madam, the inhabitants of North America have attached to the fossil mastodontes found in their country, notions no less absurd than those to which the fossil elephants of Siberia gave rise among the Russians. Some savage nations affirm, that these animals This conclusion, Madam, is not founded upon mere existed at a time when the earth was inhabited by men of a size proportioned to theirs, and that the Supreme Being conjecture. There exist two entire skeletons of mastodon-destroyed both races with his thunderbolts. tes, for which we are indebted to the zeal of an American naturalist (M. Peale) who, by means of diligent and careful research, continued during three months, in the places where he had been informed that some bones of mastodontes had lately been discovered, succeeded in completing

them.

Towards the middle of the last century, the first notion began to be entertained in France, respecting the existence of the mastodonte. A French officer, who was sailing in the river Ohio, towards the Mississipi, found, on the edges of a marsh, a heap of bones, which appeared to him exceedingly curious. He collected a part of them, in order to submit them to the inspection of some naturalist, and brought to Paris a thigh bone, the extremity of a tusk, and three molar teeth, which he supposed to have belonged to an unknown animal.

Daubenton, who examined them, declared that the thigh bone and the tusk belonged to an elephant, but that the molar teeth were those of an hippopotamus:-" It cannot be supposed," says he, "that these teeth, and this tusk were taken from the same head, or that they both constituted part of the skeleton to which the thigh belonged; in that case, the unknown animal would have had tusks like those of the elephant and molar teeth, like those of the hippopotamus.”

The existence of this animal, which was at first disputed by Daubenton, was soon afterwards admitted by Buffon, then by Daubenton himself, and, finally, by all the natuffon, who was the first to advance, in his Epoques de ralists of the time. The discovery of the fossil bones of ature, that the teeth of the mastodonte were found in the mastodonte was the first circumstance by which natuOld World (before his time none had been found, ex-ralists were led to conclude, that there must formerly have in North America) was led into error respecting the been species in existence, now entirely extinct. of the animal to which they had belonged. Having This animal was first called by naturalists, animal of rved that these teeth were of a square form, and not Il proportioned in length to the size of the jaw-bone, magined that they must have been numerous. uppose," says he, "that there were only six, or even t on each side. How enormous must have been the d containing at least sixteen molar teeth, weighing h ten or twelve pounds." The tooth, which was in his ssession, is preserved in the Museum, and weighs eleven ands four ounces; it is one of the largest ever seen. Buffon, however, was not misled by the weight of these The name carnivorous elephant, sometimes given to the th, but by their supposed considerable number. He mastodonte, is the most unfit of all, because it owes its culated that the jaw-bone of the full grown animal con-origin to two erroneous opinions, the animal being neither ned sixteen teeth, whereas it does not appear that there an elephant, nor carnivorous.

the Ohio, elephant, and mammoth of the Ohio, from the name of the place where it was first discovered. All these names are, as you will perceive, improperly applied to the mastodonte. That of elephant of the Ohio is not suitable, because the animal is not an elephant.

The term mammoth is equally improper, since mammoth is the name appropriated by the Russians to the fossil ele. phant of their country.

The savages of Virginia believed that a troop of these terrible quadrupeds was destroyed by thunderbolts, for having killed the other animals created for the use of the Indians. They all perished, except the largest male, off, as they fell upon it; but having, at length, been which, presenting its head to the thunderbolts, shook them wounded in the side, it fled towards the great lakes, where it remains concealed till this day."

Thus, Madam, the savages of America appear to have fallen into the same error respecting the size of the mastodonte, by which our Buffon was misled; with this difference, that their conclusion was not, like his, the result of long and laborious reasoning. One advantage, possessed by the ignorant over the learned, is, that they are deceived at the expense of less trouble.

The form of the teeth of the mastodonte, which are more similar to the teeth of the hippopotamus than to those of any other animal, leads us to suppose that this animal, other pulpous parts of vegetables. This sort of nourishlike the hippopotamus, preferred for its food roots, and the ment, without doubt, attracted it to soft and marshy ground, and to the edges of rivers. Nevertheless, it was, as well as the hippopotamus, a terrestrial animal, as it was tioned above, and designated by the name great mastonot formed to swim. The species of mustodonte mendonte, is not the only one yet known; there exists another species, distinguished by strongly marked characteristics, namely, the mastodonte with narrow teeth, whose remains abound in America, particularly near Santa found in a place in this country, called the Camp of the Fé de Bogota. Fossil bones of this animal are often Giants, and have, without doubt, given rise to popular traditions, whence the place derives its nanie. cies, more often than that of the great mastodonte, is found buried under the remains of marine bodies. much more rare than those of the great mastodonte; of The bones of the mastodonte with narrow teeth, are one tibia, brought from the Camp of the Giants, by M. the large bones of its skeleton there is, at Paris, only de Humboldt, and much mutilated at all its angles: according to this single bone, it appears that the mastodonte, with narrow teeth, had much shorter legs than the great mastodonte.

This spe

found in Europe, must have belonged to animals of the Several teeth, smaller than all the others, two of which, genus of the mastodonte, have led M. Cuvier to suggest that four other species might be added to the two preceeding. He proposes that they should be distinguished by the following names;-mastodonte des Cordilières, masroide; the latter would belong to the species whose retodonte Humboldien, petit mastodonte, mastodonte tapimains have been found in Europe.

An almost complete skeleton of a mastodonte with nar row teeth, has lately been dug up in Tuscany.

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glory, if we are found faithful. The prospect of death, while it awakens among thinking men an anxious solis tude concerning the state of the soul, when that change shall have taken place, has frequently led the also to make a careful provision for the temporary dispose of their bodies, till the morning of the resurrection shall awake them to new life. And such solicitude, when arises from right principles, is, undoubtedly, praiseworthy It is lamentable to behold the state of cemeteries of le standing in large and populous towns; for, in addition the really painful emotions which (with all the care of those who have the charge of them) are daily experienend by the vast numbers who necessarily pass by them, they are so totally devoid of that privacy and retirement which, in meditating among the tombs, have often ontributed soothe the mind in seasons of affliction; that the closing of them up for the future, and providing table caclesures for the solemn purpose of interment, be limits of such towns, becomes highly desirable. Under the influence of this train of thought, I have often fet e than ordinary satisfaction, on viewing the progres of 1 work of this kind at the outskirts of our own town, whic I understand, is now completed, and which vel! adapted to remedy the evils so long complainedd The neat and orderly manner in which the ground is to be laid out, and to be preserved, will render it a plas and beneficial resort for the serious and contempla undisturbed by the busy hum of men, and replete solemn mementos of the uncertainty of the present

There is one part of the arrangement which I cent Got plate with much satisfaction:-That part of the which is to be disposed of in square portions, at the formity, for family places of interment, will afford a dant scope for architectural taste and genius, hitherto I believe unpractised in England. Itha been the custom in Scotland, where such portions he been allotted to purchasers, around the boundaries of cemeteries, to inclose them in a small building ge without a roof) according to the taste of the repe proprietors; having an entrance in front, and the p so managed that it appears to conceal the roof.

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