us; we reap no benefit or advantage from his labors. Judges indeed, and magistrates, are persons of some consequence; but then, it is through our folly and misconduct, that they become so did we behave ourselves with prudence and discretion, we should want none of their assistance. On the contrary, we could never subsist long without the husbandman, and the mechanic. These are, as it were, the soul and sinew of the state. To them we are indebted for our principal support. Our habitations, our dress, our equipage, our daily sustenance, are all the result of their labors.

5827. [- 7.] At the time when the Swedes arrived in North America, among other purchasers, the father of old Nils Gustafson bought a piece of ground from the Indians in New Jersey. As soon as the agreement was drawn up, and the Indians should sign it, one of them, whose name signified a beaver, drew a beaver at the hottom of the instrument; auother of them drew a bow and arrow; and a third a mountain, instead of their names.

See KALM's Trav. in Pinkerton's Coll. part liv. p. 539. One of the four knights who, in the year 1170, slew Thomas a Becket, was named Sir Reginald Fitz- Urse, or Bear's Son : his posterity were afterwards men of great lauds and command, in the county of Monaghan, in Ireland; being there called Mac-Makon, which in Irish signifies the Son of a Bear. Month. Mag. for April 1815, p. 234.

pointer was sold by auction for a very considerable sum of money; but possibly the secret of breaking swine to the field expired with the inventor. (Bingley.) · Some time ago in London, a canary bird was taught to pick up the letters of the alphabet, at the word of command, so as to spell any person's name in company; and this the little animal did by motions from its master, which were imperceptible to every other spectator.

GOLDSMITH'S Hist. of the Earth, vol. v. p. 41.

5829. [James iii. 7.] No skill has, hitherto, been able to tame the swallow; a bird which has, from time immemorial, built her nest in our houses. St. PIERRE's Studies of Nature, vol. i. p. 22.

5830. [James iv. 1.] See No. 817, 820.

Verse 14. It is even a vapor] In the Eastern countries a delusive vapor, extracted by the powerful influence of the sun, is often seen in sandy plains about noon, resembling a large lake of water in motion. It sometimes tempts thirsty travellers out of their way; but, as it always appears at the same distance, it deceives them thus till it instantly vanishes. SALE'S Note on the Koran, Chap. xxiv.

5831. [James v. 12.] Bind not yourselves to any performance by oath.

5832.

14.] Mr. JOSEPH SKINNER, an eminent British surgeon, long resident at 'Malta, has lately (1815) republished the opinion that frictions of warm olive-oil are undoubted preventions of the plague; and he cites numerous instances of the happy success of the practice during the late plague at Malta. Previously to applying the oil, the body should be washed with vinegar and water. The oil is then passed with a sponge over the body, and renewed twice aweek till the danger have passed away.

Monthly Mag. for June 1815, p. 445.

5828. In Minorca the Hog is converted into a beast of draught; a cow, a sow, and two young horses, have been seen in that island yoked together, and of the four the sow drew the best. The ass aud the hog are here common helpmates, and are frequently yoked together to plow the land. A gamekeeper of Sir Henry Mildmay's (named Tupor) actually broke a black sow to find game, and to back, and stand. Slut, which was the name he gave her, was rendered as staunch as any pointer. After Sir Henry's death this Pig

-

5833. At Sana, all the Jews, and many of the Mahometans, have their bodies anointed with oil whenever they find themselves indisposed.

NIEBUHR, vol. ii. p. 274.

5834. [- 17. Elias prayed earnestly that it might not rain] As a prophet, he knew that a famine was to come on the land. He prayed that it might come through want of

5837. [- i. 12.] Probably, in our most perfect state of glory in another life, our conceptions of God and his attributes or perfections, will not be so direct and immediate as to exclude all degrees of (apprehension by) analogy. It is true even to a maxim, that no finite understanding can directly and adequately comprehend Iufinity. And therefore whether we suppose all our faculties in another world entirely new; or those we have, improved to the utmost pitch they are capable of; yet we shall even then be as incapable of comprehending an infinite nature, as we are now.

See No. 1247.

Bp. BROWNE'S Divine Analogy, p. 36.

tals, amethysts, and various precious stones, have been thought by De Boot and others to grow like mushrooms: certain it is, that they often contain in them several heterogeneous particles; a circumstance which proves them to have been once in a fluid state, and induces a suspicion that in their formation they may resemble the gums and resins extravasated from various species of vegetables. WATSON'S Chem. vol. v. p. 164.

℗ 5839. [—— ii. 4.] Mr. William Pullan, of Blubberhouse, in Kuaresborough Forest, having occasion, in the year 1761, to break a stone, which was about four feet square, found a living serpent, fifteen inches long, enclosed in the middle of the block; its back was of a dark brown, and the belly of silver color: the oval cavity in which this reptile lay, was about twelve inches long, and six wide.

Monthly Mag. for April 1815, p. 234.

5838. [ii. 4.] In the Cretan labyrinth it hath been observed, that the names of travellers, which have been cut in the rock in former ages, are now in alto relievo, and that the older the dates are, the greater is the protuberance, resembling the callus formed by incisions in trees. Rock crys

5840. [8.] Being disobedient, they stumble at the Word, which was offered to them.

Essay for a New Translation, p. 84.

5841. [1 Pet. ii. 13.] We are to obey the law in the king. In England, we have not yet (like the French) been completely embowelled of our natural entrails : we fear God; we look up with awe to kings; with affection to parliaments; with duty to magistrates; with reverence to priests; and with respect to nobility.

Every sort of moral, every sort of civil, every sort of politic institution, aiding the rational and natural ties that connect the human understanding and affections to the divine, are not more than necessary, in order to build up that wonderful structure, Man; whose prerogative it is, to be in a great degree a creature of his own making; and who when made as he ought to be made, is destined to hold no trivial place in the creation.

BURKE'S French Revolution, 4th Edit. pp. 41, 128, 137.

The laws of England, promulgated in 1040 under the title of "The Laws of King Edward," were afterwards established by the Nation in 1215 under the name of "The GREAT CHARTER."

St. PIERRE'S Works, vol. iv. p. 211. The king, as supreme] At Sparta, the LAW was above the king.

See Univer. Hist. vol. iv.

p. 595.

5842. [of subjects without being free: this is shewn at large in a variety of Objections, and Answers, by D. PAREUS in Genesis. Comment. iii. p. 502.

16.] Creatures could not be in the nature

5843. [————21.] As true pearls are cordials and antidotes, which counterfeit ones, how fine soever they may ap pear, are not; so true examples do arm and fortify the mind far more efficaciously, than imaginary or fictitious ones can do.

BOYLE'S Preface to the Martyrdom of
Theodora, p. 3.

5844. [1 Pet. iii. 1.] There are women who do not love their husbands, but think meanly of them; and at length make them of no account. They begin with talking much; they proceed to chiding, and at last put on the nature of the tiger.. Such love is not human: it flows alike into the wicked, and into all kinds of animals; inasmuch as the very animals love their offspring more than themselves. With women of that description, there is not any principle of conjugial love.

SWEDENBORG, Arcana, n. 2745.

5845. [16.] The Chinese women, closely wrapped up in modest garments, never discover a naked hand

even to their nearest relations, if they can possibly avoid it. Every part of their dress, every part of their behaviour, is calculated to preserve decency, and inspire respect; and what adds the greatest lustre to their charms, is, that uncommon modesty which appears in every look, and in every action. Charmed, no doubt, with so engaging a demeanour, the men behave to them in a reciprocal manner; and, that their virtue may not be contaminated by the neighbourhood of vice, the legislature takes care that no prostitute shall lodge within the walls of any of the great towns in China. Dr. W. ALEXANDER'S Hist. of Women, vol. i. p. 280.

5846. [1 Pet. iii. 16.] The forward beauty, whose face is known in every walk, and in every public place, may be given as a toast, and have her name inscribed on the windows of a tavern, but she rarely ever becomes an object of esteem, or is solicited to be a companion for life. I bid. p. 328.

5847. [- -3, 4.] The most certain means of rendering the face beautiful is to beautify the mind, and to purify it from vice. He who would make his countenance intelligent must first so make his mind. He that would impart to the face its most fascinating charms must store the mind with religion and virtue, which will diffuse over it every expression of sublime content. The great YOUNG Somewhere says, - There is not a more divine spectacle than a beauteous virgin, kneeling at her devotions, in whose countenance the humility and innocence of virtue beam.

GELLERT, Moralische Vorlesungen, S. 303.

5848. There are beautiful souls, as there are beautiful faces, which owe nothing to art; and which are, precisely for this reason, the fairer. DIOGENES of Sinope, p. 47.

5849. [7. The weaker vessel] That is, the female in general is constitutionally less adapted for firm adherence to principle, than the male.

[

5850. [ 20, 21.] In the days of Noah when the ark was preparing wherein a few (that is, eight) souls were saved. By water also, baptism which is the antetype does now save us. Not the doing away the filth of the flesh, but the covenant of a good conscience toward God by the resurrection of Jesus the Christ. So that, according to the Apostle's reasoning, baptism is properly the sign of a resurrection from the death of sin to a newness of life, strikingly exhibited in the resurrection and glorification of Jesus the Christ; but empha

5855. [i. 21. Holy men of God spoke as they were moved by the Holy Ghost] Res dictat spiritus, verba quidem et linguam loquenti aut scribenti liberam permittit; that is, the Spirit dictates the things, leaving the words or language free to the speaker or writer.

CASTALIO.

Here the Holy Ghost is said to be the same that is called Jehovah in the Old Testament. See No. 5781.

See No. 1301, 1221, 1361.

5856.[ii. 1. Denying the Lord that bought them] A Patriarch's proper Family consisted of own children, adopted children, and purchased slaves.

5857. [ii. 4. The earth] Ge (Grk.), an earth, seen by John actually to pass away, Rev. xxi. 1.

5858. [—————— 5.] A herald of justice.

BOYLE.

5859. [—— 12.] In his nobler part, his rational soul, man is distinguished from the whole tribe of animals by a boundary, which cannot be passed. It is only when man divests himself of his reason, and debases himself by brutal habits, that he renounces his just rank among created beings, and sinks himself below the level of the beasts.

Dr. LAMBE's Additional Reports on Regimen, p. 227. An illustrating fact. On the 6th of Jan. 1815, at the Bell public house, in Boston, a fellow called Cheshire Charles, a labouring banker, who had for some time worked on the river Witham, ate a rat (skin, entrails, and all) which had immediately before been caught in a trap; and afterwards offered to devour a cat, if any one would procure one for him!

5861.

In the Red Sea, Mr. SALT says, all the islands are composed entirely of marine alluvies strongly cemented together, and forming vast and solid masses, which may not improperly be termed rock, the surface being covered, in parts only, with a thin layer of soil. The larger portion of these remains consists of corallines, madrepores, echini, and a great variety of sea-shells of those species which appear to be still common in this sea. Dalrymple's hypothesis respecting the formation of coral islands, has been generally admitted to be correct, for those not elevated more than one or two feet above the level of the ocean; since the moment one point of coral rises to its surface, birds will of course resort to it, and there leave shells, bones, and other remains of their food, which, in time, producing vegetation, may continually accumulate until the whole mass become a solid stratum of earth. But this does not solve the present difficulty, for on these islands large pieces of madreperes are found, disposed in regular layers, full twenty feet above the level of high-water mark.

Monthly Mag. for Feb. 1815, p. 58.

5862. [- 10. The elements shall melt] The spiritual elements flowing into them and out of them.

The early physical writers used the Greek word, stoicheia, for such elementary substances as were incapable of decomposition by common means though not absolutely simple.

See Phil. Trans. of Royal Society for 1814, part ii. p. 525, note; and John i. 1.

The carbonic acid gas, even in its most fixed or solid state, is thus dissolved by and in oxygine. · The diamond, for instance, when strongly ignited by the powerful lens of the Florentine Museum in a thin capsule of platinum perforated with many orifices, so as to admit a free circulation of air, continued to burn in oxygen gas after it had been withdrawn from the focus. The light it afforded was steady, and of so brilliant a red, as to be visible in the brightest sunshine; and

the heat produced was so great, that a fine wire of platinum used for attaching small diamonds to the tray- was fused, and that some time after the diamonds were removed out of the focus. Such diamond appears to burn in oxygine with as much facility as plumbago; affording no other substance by its combustion than pure carbonic acid gas: and the process is merely a solution of diamond in oxygine, without any change in the volume of the gas. See Phil. Trans. for 1814, part ii. p. 557, &c.

5563. [

Sir H. DAVY.

16.] The benefit of Revelation is very great, but then it must be faithfully used; otherwise it will be turned against itself, and made the patron of falsehood and delusion. Which, in fact, has been the case. Men either weak or wicked, have perverted the Scriptures, and reduced them to a subserviency to either their lusts, or preconceived opinions. The latter was remarkably the case, in the first ages of Christianity. When any of the Philosophers were converted to the Christian profession, they generally brought along with them the schemes and notions of the particular sects, to which they were attached; those influenced their minds in the study of the Scriptures, and inclined them to wrest the Scriptures into a consistency with their preconceived opinions. Hence it is, that many notions, inconsistent with the word of God, and with each other, have been handed down to us from the earliest times under the sacred character of sound Christian Doctrine. And in our own times, we find men pleading the authority of Scripture for a variety of opposite and contradictory sentiments, which therefore cannot all of them be founded upon Scripture.