paintings, and other monuments of feigned miracles, so that no memory of them remain in walls or windows; exhorting their parishioners to do the like in their several houses; and that a comely pulpit be provided in a convenient place.

29. That a strong chest be provided with a hole in the upper part thereof, (with three keys thereunto belonging,) be provided to receive the charity of people to the poor, and the same at convenient times distributed unto them in the presence of the parish.

30. That priests be not bound to go to visit women lying in child-bed, except in times of dangerous sickness, and not to fetch any corpse except it be brought to the church-yard.

31. That to avoid the detestable sin of Simony, the seller shall lose his right of patronage for that time, and the buyer to be deprived, and made unable to receive spiritual promotion.

32. That because of the lack of preachers, curates shall read Homilies, which are or shall be set forth by the king's authority.

33. Whereas many indiscreet persons do uncharitably contemn and abuse priests, (having small learning,) his majesty chargeth his subjects that henceforth they be reverently used for their office and ministration' sake.

34. That all persons not understanding Latin shall pray on no other Primer but what lately was set forth in English by king Henry VIII. and that such who have knowledge in Latin use none other also; and that all graces before and after meat be said in English, and no grammar taught in schools but what is set forth by authority. 35. That chantry-priests teach you to read and write.

36. That when any Sermon or Homily shall be had, the Prime and Hours shall be omitted.

5. The Form of bidding the Common Prayers.

"You shall pray for the whole congregation of Christ's church, and, specially, for this church of England and Ireland: wherein, First, I commend to your devout prayers, the king's most excellent majesty, supreme head, immediately under God, of the spirituality and temporalty of the same church; and for queen Catherine dowager, and also for ny lady Mary and my lady Elizabeth, the king's sisters.

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Secondly. You shall pray for my Lord Protector's Grace, with all the rest of the king's majesty's council; for all the lords of this realm, and for the clergy and the commons of the same; beseeching Almighty God to give every of them, in his degree, grace to use themselves in such wise as may be to God's glory, the king's honour, and the weal of this realm.

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Thirdly. You shall pray for all them that be departed out of

this world in the faith of Christ, that they with us, and we with them, at the day of judgment, may rest both body and soul, with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven."

OBSERVATIONS ON THE KING'S INJUNCTIONS.

6. The Wisdom of our Reformers.

Let us here admire God's wisdom in our first Reformers, who proceeded so moderately in a matter of so great consequence. To reform all at once, had been the ready way to reform nothing at all. New wine must be gently poured into old bottles, lest the strength of the liquor, advantaged with the violence of the infusion, break the vessel. Jacob could not keep peace with Esau, (presumed fleet on foot as used to hunting,) whilst he had in his company the under-children and flocks with young, which, if overdriven one day, would die, Gen. xxxiii. 13. And though, no doubt, he himself was footman enough to go along with his brother, yet he did lead on softly according as the cattle and children were able to endure. Thus our wise Reformers reflected discreetly on the infirmities of people, long nursed in ignorance and superstition, and incapable of a sudden and perfect alteration.

7, 8. Only two Lights left. What meant by " Memories." On this account, in the third Injunction, they reduced candles, formerly sans number in churches, to two upon the high altar before the sacrament; these being termed "lights," shows they were not lumina cæca, but burning. Know also that at this time there was an universal dilapidation of chancels; and men had seen so many abbey-churches plucked down, that they even left parish-churches to fall down on themselves. Now, to repair them all at once, would have stopped the holes in the chancels, and made one in the states of the ministers. It was therefore in the sixteenth Injunction ordered, that a fifth part of their means should be employed therein, whereby the work was effectually done without any great damage to the repairers.

By "Memories" appointed to be omitted, (Injunction 21st,) we understand the obsequia for the dead; which, some say, succeeded in the place of the Heathen Roman parentalia.

9-11. Good Policy. Mr. Calvin dissents. Moderation goeth far.

The abolishing processions is politicly put on a civil account, (Injunction 23rd,) "to avoid contention about places." Indeed, people's pride herein consisted in pretended humility, which the

Injunction at large termeth "a fond courtesy." For in a mock practice of the apostle's precept, "in honour preferring one another," Rom. xii. 10; they strained courtesy to go last. Where, by the way, I conceive that accounted the highest place which was next the cross-bearer, or next the priest carrying the Host.

Query. Whether in the 24th Injunction, labouring in time of harvest on holy-days and festivals relateth not only to those of ecclesiastical constitution, (as dedicated to saints,) or be inclusive of the Lord's day also ?*

Mr. Calvin, in his letter to the Lord Protector,† disliketh the praying for the dead; and this is one of those things which he termed, tolerabiles ineptias; Englished by some, "tolerable fooleries;" more mildly by others, "tolerable unfitnesses." In requital whereof bishop Williams was wont to say, that Master Calvin had his toler abiles morositates.

And thus moderately did our first Reformers begin, as the subject they wrote on would give them leave. For as careful mothers and nurses, on condition they can get their children to part with knives, are contented to let them play with rattles, so they permitted ignorant people still to retain some of their fond and foolish customs, that they might remove from them the most dangerous and destructive superstitions.

12. The Protestant Library.

Come we now to give in a list of such principal books which [were published] in the reign of this king and his father, as preparatory to and introductive of reformation; and to bring them high enough, we will begin with

HENRY VII.

"Prayers printed by the Commandements of the moost hye and vertuous Princesse our lycge Lady Elizabeth by the Grace of God Quene of England and of France, and also of the right hye and moost noble Princesse Margarett Mother to our Soveraign Lord the King," &c. Without the year when printed.

HENRY VIII.

"The Institution of a Christian Man contayneng the Exposition of the Commune Crede, of the Seaven Sacraments, of the Ten Com• In answer to Heylin's strictures in his Examen Historicum, Fuller says, Now my query is answered; and I believe that the Lord's day was included within the number of holydays, and common work permitted thereon. This maketh me bespeak my own and the reader's thankfulness to God, that the Reformation since the time of king Edward the sixth hath been progressive, and more perfected in this point among the rest,-in securing the Lord's day from servile employments."-- EDIT. ↑ Epist. pages 187, 188.

mandements, and of the Pater-noster, and the Ace Maria, Justification and Purgatory. London, by Tho. Barthelet, 1537."

A necessary Doctrine and Erudition for any Christen Man, set furthe by the Kynge's Majestie of England, &c. London, by Tho. Barthelet, 1543."

"Henry the Eighth his Epistle to the Emperour, Christen Princes, and all true Christen Men, desiring Peace and Concord amonges them. Against the Power of the Pope, and concerning a Generall Councell. London, by Tho. Barthelet, 1538."

"A Protestation made for the most mighty and most redoubted King of England, &c. and his hole Councell and Clergie: wherein is declared, that neither his Highnesse, nor his Prelates, neyther any other Prince or Prelate is bound to come or send to the pretended Councell, that Paul, Bishop of Rome, first by a Bull indicted at Mantua a Citie in Italy, and now a-late by an other Bull, hath proroged to a Place no Man can telle where. London, by Tho. Barthelet, 1537."

"Articles devised by the Kinge's Highnes Majestie to stablishe Christen Quietnes and Unitie amonge us, and to avoyde contentious Opinions, which Articles be also approved by the Consent and Determination of the hole Clergie of this Realme. London, Tho. Barthelet, 1536."

"Injunctions to the Clergy. 1536." MS.

"Articles devised by the holle Consent of the Kinge's most honourable Counsayle, his Grace's Licence opteyned thereto, not only to exhorte, but also to enfourme his loving Subjects of the Trouth. London, Tho. Barthelet, 1533."

Orarium seu Libellus Precationum per Regiam Majestatem et Clerum Latinè editus. Ex officina Richard Graftoni, 1545.

Pia et catholica Christiani Hominis Institutio. Londini, apud Thomam Barthelet, 1544.

Reformatio Legum Ecclesiasticarum ex Authoritate primùm Regis Hen. 8. inchoata, deinde per regem Edw. 6. provecta &c. Londini, ex officinâ Jo. Day, 1571.

EDWARD VI.

"Injunctions given by the most excellent Prince, Edward the Sixt, by the Grace of God King of England, France, and Ireland; Defendor of the Fayth, and in Yearthe, under Christ, of the Church of England and of Ireland the Supreeme Hedde, to all and singuler his loving Subjects, as well of the Clergie as of the Laietie. By R. Grafton, 1547.”

"Articles to be enquired of in the Kynge's Majestie's Visitation. By Rich. Grafton, Cum privilegio."

"Communion Book translated into French for Jersey and Garnesey. 1553."

"The Booke of Common-Prayer and Administration of Sacraments, &c. London." 1549 and 1552.

"The Forme and Manner of making and consecrating Bishops, Priests, and Deacons." 1552 and 1549.

"The Copie of a Letter sent to all those Preachers which the King's Majestie hath licensed to preach, from the Lord Protector's Grace, and others of the Kinge's Majestie's most honourable Councell. The 23 of May, 1548."

Catechismus brevis, Christiana Disciplina Summam continens, omnibus Ludimagistris Authoritate Regiâ commendatus. Londini. 1553.

Articuli de quibus in Synodo Londinensi, 1552, ad tollendam Opinionum Dissensionem, et Consensum veræ Religionis firmandum, inter Episcopos et alios eruditos atque pios Viros convenerat : Regiâ similiter Authoritate promulgati.-Londini.

“The Primer or Booke of Prayers (translated out of Hen. the 8th's Orarium). London by Rich. Grafton, 1547.”

"Certain Sermons (viz. the first Part of the Church-Homilies) appointed by the kinge's Majestie to be read everie Sonday and Holy Day," &c. 1549 and 1547.

"A Primer or Booke of private Prayer, &c. in the 7 Yeare of Ed. 6. Ex Officina Wilhelmi Seres, 1552."

"The Order of the Communion, with the Proclamation. London, by Rich. Grafton, 1548."

QUEEN MARY.

"The Primer in Latin and English, after the Use of Sarum. London, 1555."

"Edm. Bonner's Catechisme, 1555. With Homelies composed by H. Pendleton and Jo. Harpesfield. London, 1555.”

These are the principal state-books which that age produced, not mentioning such, (as numberless,) which private persons set forth; only I cannot as yet recover the lord Cromwell's Catechism, except it be concealed under another name, amongst the books aforementioned.

13. The Liturgy, or Common Prayer.

Come we now to the Liturgy, which in the reign of king Henry VIII. was said or sung all in Latin, save only the Creed, Paternoster, and Ten Commandments, put into English by the king's command, anno 1536. Nine years after, namely, 1545, the Litany was permitted in English; and this was the farthest pace which