NOTES EXPLANATORY OF THE ENGRAVINGS.

TOMB OF JOSEPH OF ARIMATHEA.-At the back of the Holy Sepulchre, and in the centre of the west extremity of the church, is another sepulchre under ground, in which the remains of Joseph of Arimathea are said to have been deposited.

JOSEPH'S TOMB AND JACOB'S WELL-ASSOCIATIONS OF THE LOCALITY. In a valley of flowery thickets and running streams, midway between the base of Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim, we find Jacob's Well and Joseph's Tomb. The present building upon the latter spot is only a Mohammedan Wely (saint's tomb), as represented in the drawing above. But here Jacob once came in his wanderings to erect his tents; and here to the field which he left as a heritage to his son, Joseph desired the Hebrews to carry his remains from Egypt.

Not far from the tomb of Joseph is Jacob's Well. Speaking of this locality, Dr. Robinson says, "I was glad once more to visit this undoubted scene of our Lord's conversation with the Samaritan woman, and to yield myself for the time to the associations of the spot."

TOMBS OF THE PROPHETS.-Passing along up the Valley of Jehoshaphat, the sides of which are everywhere studded with sepulchres excavated in the rocks, we came to the tombs of the judges so called. These lie near the head of the valley, on the right hand of the path, just beyond the water-summit, between the waters of the Dead Sea and Mediterranean. These singular sepulchral galleries, so different in their plan and character from all other sepulchres around the Holy City, are as yet an enigma to travellers and antiquarians. All that can be definitely affirmed is, that they have nothing to do with the "tombs of the prophets" mentioned by the Evangelists.

TOMBS OF THE KINGS.-We visited several times the Tombs of the Kings, so called (probably the tomb of Helena, Queen of Adiabene). They lie directly north of the Damascus gate, just on the eastern side of the great road to Nabulus. The way leads to them through the olive grove, which now covers the level tract on this side of the city. A considerable portion of this plain was once apparently occupied by buildings. Fragments of marble and mosaic tesseræ are often found here; and many ancient cisterns, now partly fallen in, furnish unequivocal evidence of former habitations. The stones, with which the soil was thickly strewed, have been gathered into heaps, or laid up in terraces; and the fields thus cleared have now been tilled for centuries.

This splendid sepulchre, with its sunken court, reminded me of some of the tombs of the Egyptian Thebes; which also it resembles in its workmanship, but not in the extent of its excavations. In its elegant portal and delicate sculpture, it may well bear comparison with the sepulchres of Petra; though the species of stone in which it is cut does not admit of the same architectural effect. It has usually, I believe, been considered as unique in Palestine, yet it is not the only monument of its kind in the vicinity of Jerusalem. It is, indeed, by far the best preserved, which has been owing, doubtless, to the difficulty of entrance, and to the utter darkness that reigns within.

The sepulchre above described has long borne among the Fran

316 NOTES EXPLANATORY OF THE ENGRAVINGS.

name of the Tombs of the Kings; probably on account of its remarkable character, which naturally led to the idea of a regal founder. It has been commonly referred to the ancient Jewish kings, on the supposition that some of them may have been here entombed. The sepulchres of David and his descendants were upon Zion; they were called apparently the Sepulchres of the Sons of David, and also of the Kings of Israel, and were still extant in the times of the Apostles. Four of the Jewish kings, indeed, are said not to have been brought into those sepulchres; but there is no evidence to show that they were buried out of the city, and, least of all, in this quarter. Josephus, too, mentions the tomb of Helena, Queen of Adiabene (who embraced the Jewish religion, and lived for a time at Jerusalem), on the north of the city, and speaks also of royal grottoes or sepulchres in the same quarter, near which ran the third or Agrippa wall. In another place the same writer speaks of monuments or tombs of Herod, situated apparently near this wall in the same quarter. This circumstance suggests the inquiry, Whether these royal sepulchres of Josephus, and these tombs of Herod, may not be identical, and refer perhaps to sepulchres constructed by the Idumæan princes for members of their own family? A further inquiry also arises: Whether, perhaps, these tombs with sunken courts, so different from all the rest around Jerusalem, and situated not like the others in the rocky sides of the valleys, but on the level ground above, may not have been a style appropriated to royalty. In that case the dilapidated sepulchres of that kind which we found along the brow of the valley, near where the ancient wall must have passed, would answer well to the royal grottoes and sepulchres of Josephus, and the present tombs of the kings above described would then correspond to the monument of Helena.-Robinson's Biblical Researches in Palestine:

THE POOL OF BETHESDA (See the Gospel of St. John, chap. v.)This pool the monks and many travellers have chosen to find in the deep reservoir or trench (here represented) on the north side of the area of the great mosque. Dr. Robinson considers that there is no evidence to identify it with the Bethesda of the New Testament. The reservoir has now been dry for more than two centuries.

THE FOUNTAIN OF SILOAM-(See the Gospel of St. John, chap. xi.)"The Mohammedans, like the Christians, have a great veneration for this fountain; and their prophet is reported to have declared, 'Zemzem and Siloah are two fountains of Paradise.' Yet in Christian lands the name is consecrated by stronger and holier associations; and the celebrity of

'Siloa's brook that flowed Fast by the oracle of God,'

is co-extensive perhaps with the spread of Christianity itself."--Dr. Robinson's Biblical Researches in Palestine.

SUBTERRANEAN CHURCH AT BETHLEHEM (with the Altars of the Nativity, the Holy Manger, and the Wise Men, and the Stairs leading to the Church over them).-"From the time of Hadrian to that of Constantine a myrtle-grove witnessed the celebration of the rites of Adonis, over the spot in which Christ is reported to have been born. This grove the Empress Helena cut down, and in its place erected a stately church in the form of a cross, dedicated to St. Mary of Bethlehem."

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