352. PRECEDING PRINCIPLES. The sooner Proverbs. 1. Perseverance-overcores all the pupil begins to rely upon his own re-difficulties. 2. Instruction, by example, is quick sources and experience, the better; and he and effectual. 3. We are only in the morning should not forget, that he must make himself starlight of the arts and sciences. 4. Knowledge is an elocutionist. Hence, the importance of not obtained in a moment. 5. Apollo's bow-was his seeing, rationally, and feeling, in his in- not always bent. 6. Reason-is not the test of most soul, the truth, or falsehood, of the truth: it is only the organ, through which we see truth. 7. No one is so well qualified to rule, ag principles here unfolding. Let every examhe, who knows how to obey. 8. Beauty-is like ple be thoroughly mastered; and, to prevent the flower of spring: but virtue is like the stars the growth of bad habits, in reading, speak- of heaven. 9. Vain persons are fond of fine thing? ing and singing, let him often review; as 10. Respect, and contempt, spoil many a one. 11. well as pay special attention to the varieties Some-outlive their reputation. 12. When sorrow of illustration, that are to be found on every is asleep, wake it not. page. Laconics. And what was it, fellow-citi353. 1. It is too late to urge objections zens, which gave to our La Fayette his spotagainst universal education; for the fountains less fame? The love of liberty. What-has of the great deep-are broken up, and a consecrated his memory-in the hearts of flood of information, (4) theological, (5) scien-good men? The love of liberty. Whattific, (4) civil, and (6) literary, is carrying all before it; filling up the valleys, and scaling the (6) MOUNTAIN-tops: a spirit of inquiry has gone forth, and sits brooding-on the mind of man. 2. Music-should be cultivated, not as a mere sensual gratification; but, as a means of elevating, and improving the affections; ennobling, purifying, and exalting, the whole man. 3. Beware of a remorseless thirst for the acquisition of riches; rather than deliver up yourself in execrable devotion to Mammon, mount the ladder of the most dangerous ambition,-even tho' it were planted on the precipice, and leaned against a cloud. 354. POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY-includes all theories and general views of government, with a description of the forms, and the principles on which they are founded, and the modes in which they are administered. This study rests on the basis of natural law, or justice; and therefore, presupposes a knowledge of ethics; it requires enlarged and elecated views of human nature, and the constitution of society; with the means by which virtue may be diffused, justice enforced, and order preserved throughout the community: it is alike important to the statesman, the legislator, and the private citizen. Anecdote. Howard's Opinion of Swearcrs. As he was standing, one day, near the door of a printing-office, he heard some dreadful volleys of oaths and curses from a public house opposite, and, buttoning his pocket up before he went in the street, he said to the workmen near him, "I always do this whenever I hear men swear, as I think that any one, who can take God's name in vain, can also steal, or do anything else that is bad." Hope, of all passions, most befriends us here: Passions of prouder name-befriend us less. Joy-has her tears, and transport-has her death: Hope, like a cordial, innocent, though strong, Man's heart, at once, inspirits— and serenes. nerved his youthful arm with strength, and inspired him in the morning of his days, with sagacity and counsel? The living love of and country, and freedom itself? To the liberty. To what-did he sacrifice power, horror of licentiousness; to the sanctity of plighted faith; to the love of liberty protected by law. Thus, the great principle of your the great principle of the age, was the rule of revolutionary fathers, of your pilgrim sires, his life: The love of liberty-protected by law. addresses of a gentleman, who is in the haVarieties. 1. When a lady receives the bit of tippling, how is she to determine, to down to himself, and how much passed to the what extent his protestations should be set credit of ardent spirits? In other words, how much is of love, and how much of alcohol? Suppose she test it, by the pledge of total ab. stinence? "Tis not the face,-'tis not the form,-- That wins true love :-it is the mind. Canst thou believe thy prophet,—(or, what is more,) How (3) poor! how (6) rich! how (4) abject! How (9) august! how (4) complicate! how (2) wonderful is man An (6) angel's arm-can't snatch me tom my grave : Legions of angels—can't confine un there. My mother's voice! how often-creeps Her gentle tones come-stealing by, 355. These Inflections may pass through 2, 3, 5, or 8 notes, according to the intensity of the feeling. Ex. 1. "Do you say, that [1 I'3] can learn to sing! 2. Do you say that [1 I'5] can learn to sing? 3. What! do you say that [1 I'8] can learn to sing?" Reverse the inflection; begin at the top, and go down. 4. He said [81] can learn to sing, not you'." Thus, you see that the voice may step up or down, by discrete degrees, or glide up and down, by continuous degrees. 5. To whom the goblin, full of wrath, replied: (1) Art thou that (3) traitor (4) angel? (3) art thu he who first broke peace in heaven, and (6) faith, till then (S) UNBROKEN? (9) BACK to thy punishment-false fugitive, and to thy speed add wings; lest with a whip of scorpions, I pursue thy ling'ring; or with one stroke of this dart, strange horror seize thee, and pangs unfelt before." In speaking this sentence, use all the eight notes. 356. In reading the first example, the voice glides from the first to the third note; because there is no feeling in reading the second, the voice glides from the first to the fifth note; because there is some feeling, and consequent earnestness; and in the third example, the voice glides from the tonic, to the octave; because there is a great deal of feeling in the fourth example, the voice begins at the top, or eighth note, and glides down to the first; because there is a consequent change of thought and action. In the fifth example, the voice commences at 1, in a harsh tone, and goes on gradually ascending to angel; then it recedes, and then goes on rising still higher on faith, and highest on unbroken; when it begins to descend, in an unyielding and gradual way, to the close, in a manner that no words can describe. 357. Do not the bees, (says Quintillian) extract honey from very different flowers and juices? Is it any wonder that Eloquence, (which is one of the greatest gifts heaven has given to man,) requires many arts to perfect it and tho' they do not appear in an oration, nor seem to be of any use, they nevertheless afford an inward supply of strength, and are silently felt in the mind: without all these a man may be eloquent, but I wish to form an orator; and none can be said to have all the requisites, while the smallest thing is wanting. Proverbs. 1. An evil heart--can make any doctrine false, in its own view. 2. Bad books are fountains of vice. 3. Comply cheerfully, when necessity enjoins it. 4. Despair-blunts the edge of industry 8. 5. Double-dong-is the index of a base spirit. 6. Every vice wars against nature. 7. Friendship-is often stronger than kindred Good intentions--will not justify evil actions. J. tion. 10. Mental gifts-often hide bodily infirmiIn order to learn, we must pay undivided attenties. 11. Lawing-is very costly. 12. The world is his, who enjoys it. 13. Poverty—is often an evil counsellor. Despotism. All despotism, whether usurped or hereditary, is our abhorrence. We regard it as the most grievous wrong and insult to the human race. But, towards the hereditary despot-we have more of compassion than indignation. Nursed and bro't up in delusion, worshiped from his cradle, never spoken to in the tone of fearless truth, taught to look on the great mass of his fellow potism as a law of nature, and a necessary beings as an inferior race, and to regard des element of social life; such a prince, whose education and condition almost deny him the possibility of acquiring healthy moral feeling and manly virtue, must not be judged severely. Still, in absolving the despot-from much of the guilt, which seems at first, to attach to his unlawful and abused power, we do not the less account despotism a wrong and a curse. The time for its fall, we trust, is com ing. It cannot fall too soon. It has long enough wrung from the laborer his hard tion's wealth on its parasites and minions; earnings; long enough squandered a nalong enough warred against the freedom of the mind, and arrested the progress of truth. It has filled dungeons enough—with the brave and good, and shed enough of the blood of patriots. Let its end come. It cannot come too soon. Varieties. 1. What is education, and what are the best means for obtaining it? 2. Why are diamonds valuable? because of their scarcity? 3. Why are professional men indifferent poets? is it because, as the boundaries of science enlarge, the empire of ima gination is diminished? 4. In what does true honor consist? 5. Tamerlane boasted that he governed men by four great arts : viz: bribery, amusement, diversion, and sus pense: are there no Tamalanes now, think you? 6. Is there any alliance between ge Anecdote. Good Works. The Russian embassador at Paris, made the Abbe L'Epeenius and poverty? 7. If we leave the path a visit, and offered him a large sum of money through the munificence of the empress. The Abbe declined, saying, "I receive gold of no one; but if the empress will send me a deuf and dumb person to educate, I shall consider it a more flattering mark of distinction." of duty, shall we not be liable to run into the path of danger? 8. Are there not some, who would make void the word of God, by their own traditions? 9. Is it not a most important part of a teacher's duty, to imbue the minds of his pupils, with the love of all goodness and truth ? 6. 358. The Inflections have great influence Proverbs. 1. The best way to see Diving 2. The proudin expressing, or perverting the sense, ac-light-is to put out our own. cording as they are correctly or incorrectly shall be abased; but the humble—shall be exalted. made. 1. In the retirement of a COLLEGE 3. As long as you and truth agree, you will do -I am unable to suppress evil thoughts; how well. 4. No one is born for himself alone, but difficult then, to do it, amidst the world's for the world. 5. Rely not too much on the temptations! 2. The man who is in the torches of others; light one of your own. daily use of ardent (6) spirits, (4) if he Divest yourself of envy, and lay aside all unkind should not become a (3) drunkard, (6) is feelings. 7. If youth knew what age would in danger of losing his (5) health, and (6) speaker, without energy, is like a lifeless statue. character. The rising inflection on drunkard, 9. Deep-and intense feeling-lie at the root of would imply that he must become one, to eloquence. 10. Condemn no one, without a canpreserve his health and character. did hearing. 11. Think more, and speak less. 12. Follow the dictates of reason. 359. Apply the principles to the following, according to the feelings and thoughts, and their objects. 1. But (5) mercy is (6) above this sceptred sway; (4) it is enthroned-in the (5) hearts of kings; it is an (6) attribute-(1) of God himself. Love, hope,-and joy, fair Pleasure's smiling train; These, mixed with art, and to due bounds confined, How to make madness-beautiful, and cast, crave, it would both crave and save. 8. A Half-Murder. That father, says the learned Baudier, who takes care to feed and clothe his son, but neglects to give him such accomplishments as befit his capacity and rank in life, is more than half his murderer; since he destroys the better part, and but con tinues the other to endure a life of shame. Of all the men we meet with, nine out of ten are what they are, good or evil, useful or noi, by their education; it is that, which makes the great difference in mankind: the little, or almost insensible, impressions on our tender infancy, have very important and lasting consequences. And spoke of truth--so sweetly well, They dropped-(like` heaven's serenest snow,) Varieties. 1. Send your son into the And all was (6) brightness,-where they fell. world with good principles, good habits, and a good education, and he will work his way. 360. INDUCING DISEASE. There is no doubt, that the seed of a large number of dis- 2. How absurd to be passionate yourself, and eases are sown in childhood and youth; and expect others to be placid. 3. Why is swearespecially in our progress in obtaining what ing--like a ragged coat? because it is a is called, an EDUCATION. The bad habits of very bad habit. 4. Can there be any virtue, position in and out of school, and our un- without true piety? 5. Why is rebellionhealthy mode of living, contribute very es- like dram-drinking? because it is inimical sentially to the promotion of various diseases; to the constitution. 6. Why do white sheep particularly, dyspepsia, liver and lung com--furnish more wool than black ones? beplaints, and headaches. Hence, we cannot cause there are more of them. 7. Why is one be too watchful against sitting in a crooked position, nor too prudent in eating, drinking, and sleeping, as well as in our clothing, and our lodging apartments. Let us put forth every effort in the performance of our duties, be they physical, intellectual, or moral. Anecdote. A Swiss Retort. A French officer, quarrelling with a Swiss, reproached aim with his country's vice of fighting on either side for money; "while we Frenchmen," said he, "fight for honor." "Yes, sir," replied the Swiss, "every one fights for that he most wants." Called a blessing to inherit, Would being end-with our expiring breath, who is led astray, like one who is governed Of simple hearts and gentle souls; and I I can find music-- in the rushing brooks, Which, in the merry autumn-time, will fall; There's nothing, nature gives, can fail to please For there's a common joy- pervading ali 361. A speaker--may calculate, beforehand, (so far as human agency is concerned, and other things being equal) the effect of a certain effort, by adapting the manner to the matter, as well as a former can in raising a crop, by using the proper means. As a stringed instrument, when touched at given points, infallibly produces certain tunes; so, the human mind, when touched by certain modulations, and corresponding sentiments, as infallibly receives certain impressions. But a speaker, singer, or writer, who thinks much of himself, is in danger of being forgotten by others. If he takes no sincere and hearfelt delight in what he is doing, but as it a admired and applauded by his audience, disappointment will be his portion; for he cannot long succeed. He who would be great in the eyes of others, must first learn to be made nothing in his own. 362. Exs. of the' and '. 1. Did you say yés, or no? Shall we crówn the author of the public calamities? or shall we destroy him 2. Beware of ignorance and sloth, and be guided by wisdom. 3. (2) Are they Hebrews? Are they all Hebrews? (4) Are they Hebrews from Palestine ? 4. What does the word person mean? That which consists in one's own self, and not any part or quality in another. 5. Is not water the best and safest of all kinds of drink? 6. NATURE-and (4) REASONanswer- yes. 7. The mind-is its own place; and, in itself, can make a heavenof hell; or hell of heaven. Good name-in man, or woman, Who steals my purse, steals trash, 'tis something, nothing: Where is the true man's father-land? What is it, Man, prevents thy God, Proverbs. 1. New times, demand new meas: ures, and new men. 2. Pride-either finds a desert, or makes one. 3. Want of feeling, is one o. the worst faults of elocution. 4. He, that catches at more than belongs to him, deserves to lose what he has. 5. Books-associate us with the thinking, and give us the material of thought. 6. Either be silent, or speak what is better than si lence. 7. He, who resolves to amend, has God, and all good beings, on his side. 8. If you wouk! would not have any thing told of you, never de have a thing kept secret, never tell it; and if you it. 9. The shortest answer-is doing a thing. 10. Friends-got without desert, will be lost with out a cause. 12. If it is not decent, never do it. Selfishness. The selfish-look upon themselves, as if they were all the world, and no man beside concerned therein; that the good state of things is to be measured by their condition; that all is well, if they do prosper and thrive; all is ill, if they be disappointed in their desires and projects. The good of no man, not of their brethren, not of their friends, not of their country, doth come under their consideration. Varieties. 1. If we feel well, shall we not try to make others feel so! 2. May not the constitution be injured by over-nursing, and the mind unnerved, by being prevented from relying upon its own resources? 3. Is it expedient to wear mourning apparel! 4. Does curiosity, or love of truth and goodness, induce you to study history? 5. Has the study of the classics, an immoral tendency? 6. Who would be an old maid, or an old bachelor? 7. What is Botany? The science of Plants. 8. Can friendship-exist without sympathy? 9. Is a free or despotic government, more conducive to human happiness? 10. Ought not human nature-to be a chief study of mankind? 11. Are gold and silver mines, on the whole, beneficial to a nation? 12. Is it right, to oblige a jury to give a unanimous verdict? THE BIBLE-WORTHY OF ALL ACCEPTATION. This book-were worth them all. A bruised reed-I will not break, The humble man, when he receives a wrong. and causes. speech, be free; no good government has anything to fear from paper shot, or airy words 3. Three things are necessary to make au able man,- na ture, study, and practice. 4. Cultivate a spirit of love toward all. 5. Always distinguish between apparent truths, and real truths; between effects when his word and works are best understood and appreciated. 7. Industry-is essential to usefulness, and happiness. 8. Every one ought to do something. 9. Nothing is stationary; and the hu man family-the least of all. 10. Mankind are tending to a better condition, or to actual extinction 11. Trade-knows neither friends nor kindred 12. Physicians-rarely take medicine. 6. God-is best known and honored, 363. INFLECTIONS. Although there are Proverbs. 1. It is much easier to defend the given rules, for making these inflections, or innocent, than the guilty. 2. Let the press and slides of the voice, either up or down, yet | it should be borne in mind, that every sentence, which has been read with the upward slide, can, under other circumstances, be read correctly with the downward slide: the sense governs everything here, as in emphasis. Ex. 1. Are you going to tow'n? 2. Are you going to town? 3. Why did you speak to her? 4. Why did you speak to her? 5. Do vou sár me? 6. Do you hear me? In the first example, we have a simple, direct question; in the second, the same form of words, but so spoken, as if one said, I wish to know, positively, whether you go to town; so of the rest. Thus you see, the the object, the sense, intention determines the manner. 364. 1. Some poets may be compared to others; but Milton and Shakspeare are incomparable. 2. He, who considers himself wise, while his wisdom does not teach him to acknowledge the Lord, is in the profoundest ignorance. 3. We see the effects of many things, the causes of but few; experience, therefore, is a surer guide than imagination, and inquiry than conjecture. 4. It is the indispensable duty, and the inalienable right, of every rational being, to prove all things, and hold fast that which is good. Get but the truth-once uttered, and 'tis like A star, new-born, that drops into its place, And which, once circling its placid round, Not all the tumult of the earth-can shake. ⚫.365. The nearer your delivery agrees with the freedom and ease of common discourse, (if you keep up the dignity and life of your subject, and preserve propriety of expression,) | the more just, natural and agreeable it will be. Study nature; avoid affectation, and never use art, if you have not the art to conceal it: for, whatever does not appear natural, is neither agreeable nor persuasive. Wisdom of our Ancestors. If the "wisdom of our ancestors"-had not taught them to recognize newly discovered truths, and to discard those errors, to which ignorance had given birth, we should not have been indehted to them for the improvements, which, however well they may have served their purpose for a time, are destined to be superseded by still more important discover. ies. In the year 1615, a Florentine had the presumption and audacity to assert, contrary to the prevailing opinions of the learned, "the great, the good, and the wise among men," and contrary to the conclusions of all preceding ages, "that the earth revolved round the sun;" and, although he was threatened with death for his heresy, Galileo was right. Varieties. 1. What is the image of God. and what the likeness of God, into which man was created? 2. What grace is more valuable, than humility? 3. Is hereditary depravity an actual sin, or a calamity? 4. Was not the genius of Ar-chim-1-des the parent of the mechanical arts? 5. Did not the first single pair of mankind-possess the type of all the distinct races of men, their innate tendency and genius, which has, or will, reappear in their offspring? 6. What is the meaning of the command to Moses, "See that thou make all things after the pattern, which I have shown thee in the Mount ?" 7. If we are hardened under affliction, does it not indicate a very bad state of mind? 8. Are Anecdote. A brutal teacher, whipped a a little boy, for pressing the hand of a little girl, who sat next to him at school. After which, he asked the child, "Why he squeezed the girl's hand?" "Because," said the little fellow," it looked so pretty, I could not help it." What punishment did the teacher de-miracles-violations of the laws of Nature? serve? THE EPITAPH. Here rests his head--upon the lap of earth, A youth-to fortune, and to fame-unknown: Fair Science-frown'd not on his humble birth, And Melancholy-mark'd him for her own Large was his bounty, and his soul sincere; Heaven-did a recompense-as largely send He gave to mis'ry all he had-a tear; [friend. He gain'd from heav'n ('twas all he wish'd)—a No farther seek his merits to disclose, Or draw his frailties from their dread abode, There, they, alike, in trembling hope repose) The bosom of his Father, and his God. BRONSON. 9 9. Does not the state and character of parents When Summer's heats the verdure sear, |