in the county of Louth. The besieged capitulated on condition that Barnwall himself, and all who had taken refuge in the castle, should be protected both in their lives and liberties. Tichbourne set none of them at liberty, but hanged one Plunket and cast the rest of them into prison. In the same or the following year, the troop of the same Tichbourne promised life to captain Fotterel, but crucified him on the spot. In the same year captain Bolton, son of the chancellor, strangled captain Travers, George St. Laurence, and Peter Delahoyd, though he had promised to spare their lives. In the same year, sergeant Crawford promised protection to all who were in the village of Baldongan, the property of a nobleman called Fitzwilliam, but he massacred 100 men, women and children. In the following year, the house of a nobleman named Ashball, in the county of Kildare, surrendered to the enemy on condition that the inmates should be set at liberty, but at last 100 of them were slain in violation of plighted faith, and some of these were women and children. In the same year Balohay, a castle of the baron of Slane's, surrendered after a long siege to viscount Moore; the besieged obtained promise of protection, but every soul in the castle, man, woman, and child, was massacred; Catharine Fleming, wife of Hallsar of Cappog, was ripped open, and her unborn babe dashed against the wall. The garrison of Timolin, in the county of Kildare, was barbarously massacred after surrendering on terms, and even women and children were butchered. Captain or Colonel Smyth promised to spare the life of Patrick Conran of Wianston, but stripped him naked and murdered him. After the defeat of the Irish cavalry at Knoclinch, the infantry, consisting of 1500 men, fled to a bog surrounded by a marsh, where they made so gallant a defence and slew so many of the enemy, that they extorted good terms and were permitted to depart safe; but the Parliamentarian army under Jones, the leader of this expedition, was sent down on the unarmed men and massacred them to a man. The only reason for this butchery, (as the soldiers afterwards boasted in Dublin) was that they did not like, or rather were afraid, to encounter a second time in the battle field men who had fought so bravely. The inhabitants of the county of Wicklow and part of Wexford, were expressly allowed to remain in all security in their own homes until a certain time. The security was given by Cooke, (which is the same as Cook). But suos fines citra injuriam omnem ac dispendium, ad statum diem permanere. Verum idem Cooke centurioni Bolton author postea fuit, ut indicto tempore nondum elapso, equitatu in eosdem fines illato, eosdem primum diriperet, deinde in omnes utriusque sexus tam adultos quam nonadultos, promiscuâ cæde grassaretur, quâ carnificinâ quatuor animarum millia è corporibus cùm teneræ tùm provectæ ætatis detrusa sunt. Idem Chiliarchus Cooke sub annum 1652, in comitatu Wexfordiensi trecentos mortales, et plurimos infantes iisdem tectis inclusit, quibus face mox subjecta, clausi omnes conflagrarunt. Unus tamen ex tribuni Centurionibus dictus capitaneus Goze parvulum incendio subductum penes se in equo sedentem sub clamyde abdidit; quod ubi tribunus aliquantulum in itinere progressus rescivit, ira excandescens, in centurionem acriter invectus est, ipse deinde ad flagrantes ædes reversus innoxium puerulum in eas injici jussit. Ut non mirum sit si supra memoratus centurio Bolton sceleris jam ante à tribuno imperati flagitiosus administer, Tribuni disciplinâ imbutus, ac exemplo incitatus, et atrocitatis, et perfidiæ aliud specimen ediderit. Pierius Butlerus de Clearmont vicecomitis Galmoensis hæres, pugnâ cum Parlamentariis, ad Balylamii in Wexfordiensi comitatu congressus, cum victoriam ad hostem inclinare vidisset, incolumitatem pactus in hostis potestatem ultro venit; Bolton autem hostilium agminum præfectus victoriam adeptus in colloquium cum Pierio veniens, ubi rescivit quis fuerit, cubitali suo catapulto citra moram exploso sinciput perfodit, crudelitatem perfidiæ adjungens. Daniel Axel militum Tribunus longâ obsidione castellum Moine in Moimeliæ finibus cinxit, quo tandem obsessis salvâ vitâ, et libertate se dedentibus potitus, apprehenso Leonardi Shortalli qui castello præfuerat baltheo, ipsius illum ense perfodit, nulla datæ fidei ratione habitâ; cæteri præsidiarii simili facto perierunt, præter eos quibus pedum pernicitas salutem comparavit. Manipulus Hibernorum qui nondum arma posuit novem Parlamentarios obvios sibi forte factos interemit. Quæ cædes istum Axel in tantam rabiem egit, ut è duabus comitatus Kilkeniæ barroniis Gauranâ et Ibercanâ obsequium ei, et immodicas pecuniarum summas pro ipsius arbitratu indictas citra reluctationem deferentibus, octodecem nulli affines crimini trucidandos dele. gerit. Tanti nimirum novem isti Parlamentarii fecerunt, ut singulorum this same Cooke afterwards authorized captain Bolton, before the expiration of the stipulated day, to scour that county with his cavalry, and plunder it: then commenced an indiscriminate massacre of men, women and children, by which not less than 4,000 souls, young and old, were atrociously butchered. In 1652, the same general Cooke shut up 300 men and many infants in a house in the county of Wexford, and then setting fire to the house, all were burned in the flames. But captain Goze, one of the officers under Cooke, succeeded in concealing on his horse under his cloak, a little boy that had escaped out of the house; Cooke, discovering the fact before they had retired far from the house, burst into a violent rage, severely condemned the captain, and returning himself with the poor little innocent boy, hurled him into the raging flames. Little wonder that captain Bolton, who had formerly executed the savage orders of his commander, should emulate the ferocity and act on the principles of his master, and leave some other monuments of his own treachery and savageness. Piers Butler of Clearmont, county of Kilkenny, heir of viscount Galmoy, having engaged the Parliamentarian forces at Balylamy in the county of Wexford, surrendered to the enemy on terms when he found the battle going against him; but Bolton, who commanded the Parliamentarians, on coming up to speak to Piers after the victory, and learning who he was, immediately cocked his carbine and blew out his brains, thus adding cruelty to his treachery: Daniel Axel, a Parliamentarian, a general, having succeeded after a long siege in inducing the castle of Mayne, in Moimelia, Moin-Ely, N. W. of the county of Kilkenny, to capitulate on a promise of life and liberty to its inmates, took the belt of Leonard Shortall, the commander of the castle, and slew him with his own sword without the slightest regard for the articles of surrender: all the soldiers of the garrison shared the same fate, with the exception of those who escaped by outrunning their pursuers. A band of Irish soldiers, who had not yet laid down their arms, slew nine Parliamentarians who happened to fall in their way. Axel was so incensed at this proceeding, that he selected eighteen men from the baronies of Gowran and Iverk, who had no participation in the guilt, and murdered them, though the two baronies quietly submitted to his authority, and paid without a murmur the enormous contributions which he levied on them at his own discretion. etiam in pugna cadentium cædes non nisi binis insontibus Hibernis laqueo suspensis expiari potuerit, quibus morti addietis omnis purgandi sui facultas erepta est: cum tamen eos arma vel in sui propugnandi vel hostis impugnandi causâ nunquam sumpsisse constet. Fine nuperi belli jam appetente, triginta tantum Hiberni Hogano qui ordines in bello duxit, adhuc in armis adhæserunt, quos ut ad arma ponenda Garrengubunæ gubernator alliceret, Hogano dum conventiones utrinque transigerentur, ultro citroque meandi potestatem in scripto fecit. Hoganus autem postea pacta re sua non iniri perspiciens, ad suos se recipere constituit, sed gubernatoris jussu, et manus illi moraque mox injecta est, et ipsius commilitones plumbeæ glandinis procella ex improviso impetiti trajectique sunt. Lucas O'Tohel de Castellkevan Fertoriæ dominus, et suæ familiæ Phylarchus, vir tam genere quam novem filiis jam adultis, et arma ferentibus nobilis, milites in Lagenia contra Parlamentarios primus conscripsit, et primus militum Tribunus fuit. Is cum pluribus conflictibus Parlamentarios sæpius attrivisset, ab iis ad conditiones pacis amplectendas non mediocri ambitione rogatus tandem vitam sibi bonaque pollicitis acquievit. Sed cum Parlamentariorum promissis facta non consenserunt. Nam ille quatriduo tantum in eorum potestate [281] constitutus, in | patibulum sublatus, et semivivus ex eo demissus capite plexus est, quod continuo Dublinii in S. Nicholai portæ fastigio omnium aspectibus iidem exposuerunt. Et filius ejus Christophorus simile supplicium subiit, quod cæteri ejus filii peregre in militia profecti declinarunt. Cahirus Fælimei filius, Fiachi nepos ex eadem familia vir opulentus, et à belli consiliis, semper alienus, quietisque cupidissimus; et Morarchus de Duno filius Edmondi juvenis O'Brien, plurimique alii similibus Parlamentariorum promissis ad similem vitæ exitum pervenerunt. Quid vero ludificationibus hiscè propudiosius, aut perfidiosius excogitari potest? Quid hoc aliud est quam viris honestis, ac minimè fraudulentis in laqueos ab uno "verba pacifica in dolo loquente" attractis,49 ab alio fauces elidi ? An non hoc perinde est ac si quis unâ manu caduceum præferrens, aliâ jugulo hastam infigeret? Unum hoc tempore facinus non simplici eos sed triplici scelere fœdavit: quod enim non 49 Macchab. c. 1. Such was the value, forsooth, of a Parliamentarian's life; if one of them was slain even in battle, his death should be avenged by the sacrifice of two innocent Irishmen, who were hanged without the slightest possibility of proving their innocence; though it were even notorious that they had never taken up arms either to attack the enemy or in self-defence. About the close of the late war, Hogan, who had commanded a division, found his numbers at last reduced to thirty. The governor of Garrengubun, Garrygibbon, county of Tipperary, to induce them to lay down their arms, gave him permission in writing to pass freely through his lines, while they were arranging the terms of capitulation. Hogan, perceiving that the terms would not be good, resolved to retire to his men, but he was instantly seized and detained by the governor's orders, and his soldiers were taken by surprise, and mowed down with a storm of musketry. Luke O'Tuathail of Castlekevin, lord of Fertoria, Fertire [now called the Vartry, county of Wicklow], and head of his family, a man as distinguished by his high descent as by the nine brave sons, who were in arms with him, was the first to raise troops in Leinster against the Parliamentarians, and the first general in the field. After many decisive victories over the Parliamentarians, he was earnestly pressed to accept conditions of peace, and consented with the stipulation that he should not forfeit either liberty or property. But the deeds of the Parliamentarians were not in character with their words. For, before he had been four days in their power he was hanged, and, when half dead, let down and decapitated, and his head was spiked on the top of St. Nicholas's gate, Dublin. His son Christopher shared the same fate but the other brothers escaped, and entered into foreign service. Cahir, son of Felim, and grandson of Fiach, of the same family, a wealthy man, always averse to the war, and most desirous of peace: Morach, of Down, son of Edmund Og O'Briain [O'Broin, O'Byrne] and many others, were murdered in the same way by the Parliamentarians, after false promises of protection. Was anything ever so infamous, so perfidious as these false treaties ? What else is it but to employ one man, " speaking peaceable words in deceit," to trepan honorable and honest men, that another may butcher them? Is it not holding the herald's rod in one hand, and with the other burying the dagger in the victim's throat? By one act they were |