money is equal to the value of the plaintiff's dower in the net proceeds of the sale, calculated upon the principles applicable to life annuities. The court must thereupon render final judgment, confirming the sale, and directing that the gross sum so ascertained be paid to the plaintiff, in full satisfaction of her right of dower; and that the remainder of the proceeds of the sale be distributed among the persons entitled thereto. (Added by L. 1920, ch. 930, in effect April 15, 1921.)

Derivation: Code of Civil Procedure, § 1624.

§ 489. Damages against grantee of premises subject to dower.

If the defendant, in an action for dower, aliens the real prop erty in question, after the filing of a notice of pendency of action and an execution against him for the plaintiff's damages is re turned wholly or partly unsatisfied, an action may be maintained by the plaintiff against any person, who has been in possession of the property, under the defendant's conveyance, to recover the unsatisfied portion of the damages, for a time not exceeding that, during which he possessed the property. (Added by L. 1920, ch. 930, in effect April 15, 1921.)

Derivation: Code of Civil Procedure, § 1685.

§ 490. Certain provisions made applicable.

The provisions of law, relating to a sale in partition and to the distribution, investment, and care of the proceeds, apply, as far as they are applicable, to a sale made as prescribed in this article, and to the distribution of the proceeds of a sale, as prescribed in section four hundred and eighty-eight. (Added by L. 1920, ch. 930, in effect April 15, 1921.)

Derivation: Code of Civil Procedure, § 1625.

§ 491. Action for ejectment by reversioner or remainderman, after determination of particular éstate.

Where a tenant for life, or for a term of years, suffers a judgment to be taken against him, by consent or by default, in an action for dower, the heir or person owning the reversion or remainder, may, after the determination of the particular estate, maintain an action of ejectment to recover the property. (Added by L. 1920, ch. 930, in effect April 15, 1921.)

Derivation: Code of Civil Procedure, § 1680.

ARTICLE 15.

ACTION TO COMPEL THE DETERMINATION OF A CLAIM TO REAL PROPERTY.

(Article added by L. 1920, ch. 930, in effect April 15, 1921.)

SECTION 500. Who may maintain an action.

1

501. Complaint.

502. Proceedings when defendant denies plaintiff's title.

503. Proceedings when defendant pleads title.

504. Proceedings the same as in ejectment.

505. Proceedings when defendant claims in reversion or remainder.

506. Judgment awarding defendant possession.

507. Judgment for plaintiff.

508. Effect of judgment.

509. Action to determine widow's dower.

510. Proceedings, if plaintiff admits defendant's claim.

511. Proceedings when defendant's claim is denied.

512. This article applies to corporations.

§ 500. Who may maintain an action.

Where a person has been, or he and those whose estates he has, have been for one year in possession of real property, or of any undivided interest therein, claiming it in fee, or for life, or for a term of years not less than ten, he may maintain an action against any other person to compel the determination of any claim adverse to that of the plaintiff which the defendant makes, or which it appears from the public records, or from the allegations of the complaint, the defendant might make to any estate in that property in fee, or for life, or for a term of years not less than ten, in possession, reversion or remainder, or to any interest in that property, including any claim in the nature of an easement therein, whether appurtenant to any other estate or lands or not, and also including any lien or incumbrance upon said property, of the amount of value of not less than two hundred and fifty dollars. But this section does not apply to a claim for dower. (Added by L. 1920, ch. 930, in effect April 15, 1921.)

Derivation: Code of Civil Procedure, § 1638.

§ 501. Complaint.

The complaint in such an action must set forth facts showing: 1. The plaintiff's right to the real property; whether his estate therein is in fee, or for life, or for a term of years not less than ten; and whether he holds it as heir, devisee or purchaser, with

the source from or means by which his title immediately accrued to him.

2. That the property, at the commencement of the action was, and, for the one year next preceding, has been in his possession, or in the possession of himself and those from whom he derives his title, either as sole tenant, or as joint tenant, or as tenant in common with others.

3. That the defendant unjustly claims, or that it appears from the public records or from the allegations of the complaint, that the defendant might unjustly claim an estate or interest or easement therein, or a lien or incumbrance thereupon of the character specified in the last section.

The complaint must describe the property claimed with common certainty, by setting forth the name of the township or tract and the number of the lot, if there is any, or in some other appro priate manner, so that from the description possession of the property claimed may be delivered where the plaintiff is entitled thereto, and may contain an allegation that no personal claim is made against any defendant other than a defendant who shall assert a claim adverse to the claim of the plaintiff set forth in the complaint. The demand for judgment may be to the effect that the defendant and every person claiming under him be barred from all claim to an estate in the property described in the ccmplaint, or from all claim to an interest or easement therein, or a lien or incumbrance thereupon, of the character specified in the last section, or it may combine two or more of said demands with other demand for appropriate relief. (Added by L. 1920, ch. 930, in effect April 15, 1921.)

Derivation: Code of Civil Procedure, §§ 1511, 1639.

§ 502. Proceedings when defendant denies plaintiff's title.

If the defendant, in his answer, puts in issue the matters specified in subdivision second of the last section, and succeeds upon that defense, final judgment must be rendered in his favor, dismissing the complaint, and awarding to him costs against the plaintiff. (Added by L. 1920, ch. 930, in effect April 15, 1921.) Derivation: Code of Civil Procedure, § 1640.

§ 503. Proceedings when defendant pleads title.

The defendant may, in his answer, either with or without the defense specified in the last section, set forth facts, showing that he has an estate in the property or any part thereof, adverse to the plaintiff, in fee, or for life, or for a term of years not less than ten, in possession, reversion, or remainder, as in a complaint for the

same cause of action; or the defendant may set forth facts showing that he has an interest or an easement in, or a lien or incumbrance upon, said property; and thereupon he may demand that the complaint be dismissed, or any judgment to which he would be entitled in an action brought by him to recover that estate in said propetry, or to enforce in any manner the interest or easement therein, or the lien or incumbrance thereupon which he asserts; or he may combine any two or more of said demands. (Added by L. 1920, ch. 930, in effect April 15, 1921.)

Derivation: Code of Civil Procedure, § 1641.

§ 504. Proceedings the same as in ejectment.

Where an issue of fact is joined in an action brought as prescribed in this article, unless the defendant merely demands that the complaint be dismissed, if the defendant claims an estate in said property, the subsequent proceedings, including the trial, judg ment and execution, are the same as if it was an action of ejectment, except as otherwise expressly provided by law; if the defendant claims an interest or easement in, or a lien or incumbrance upon, said property, the subsequent proceedings are the same as if it was an action brought by the defendant to establish or enforce the said interest, easement, lien or incumbrance, and the court may award any appropriate relief except as otherwise expressly provided by law. (Added by L. 1920, ch. 930, in effect April 15, 1921.)

Derivation: Code of Civil Procedure, § 1642.

§ 505. Proceedings when defendant claims in reversion or remainder.

Where the defendant claims the property in question, or any part thereof, by virtue of an estate in remainder or reversion, he need not establish a right to the immediate possession thereof; but where the verdict, report, or decision finds that he has such an estate, it must specify the time when, or the contingency upon which, he will be entitled to possession; and final judgment to that effect must be rendered accordingly, without damages. In such a case, an execution for the delivery of the possession of the property may be issued upon the judgment; but only by the special order of the court, made upon an application by the defendant, or a person claiming under him, and satisfactory proof that the time has arrived when, or the contingency has happened upon which, the applicant is entitled to possession by the terms of the judg ment. (Added by L. 1920, ch. 930, in effect April 15, 1921.) Derivation: Code of Civil Procedure, § 1643.

§ 506. Judgment awarding defendant possession. Where a final judgment, in favor of the defendant, determines that he is entitled to the immediate possession of the property, it must award him possession accordingly. The final judgment must also award to him his damages for the withholding of the property, as in an action of ejectment. (Added by L. 1920, ch. 930, in effect April 15, 1921.)

Derivation: Code of Civil Procedure, § 1644.

§ 507. Judgment for plaintiff.

Final judgment for the plaintiff must be to the effect that the defendant, and every person claiming under him, by title accruing after the filing of the judgment-roll, or of the notice of the pendency of the action, as prescribed by law, be forever barred from all claim to any estate of inheritance, or for life, or for a term of years not less than ten, in the property; or such judgment must be that the defendant and every person claiming under him, as above stated, be forever barred from all claim to any interest or easement in, or lien or incumbrance upon, the said property, of any kind or nature whatsoever, or of any particular interest, easement, lien or incumbrance specified in said judgment; and the court may direct any instrument purporting to create any such interest, easement, lien or incumbrance to be delivered up or to be canceled of record; or two or more of said forms of judgment may be awarded in the same action. If such a judgment is taken upon the defendant's default in appearing or pleading, it shall not award costs to either party, unless it be taken upon a default in answering, after the decision of a demurrer to the complaint. A defendant against whom no personal claim is made in the complaint shall not be entitled to costs unless awarded by the court when such defendant asserts in his answer and establishes a claim in said lands adverse to the claim of the plaintiff in said action. (Added by L. 1920, ch. 930, in effect April 15, 1921.)

Derivation: Code of Civil Procedure, § 1645.

§ 508. Effect of judgment.

A final judgment in favor of either party, in an action brought as prescribed in this article, is conclusive against the other party, as to the title established in the action; and also against every person claiming from, through, or under that party, by title accruing after the filing of the judgment-roll, or of the notice of the pendency of the action, as prescribed by law. A new trial of said action after judgment shall not be granted as a matter of right, but the court may, in its discretion in the interest of justice, grant a new trial upon an application made by any party within one year