were drowned. See Mahon's History of

England, vii, 186-7.

No. 79. Miss Jean Elliot was the daughter of Sir Gilbert Elliot, Lord Justice-Clerk of Scotland and ancestor of the present Earl of Minto. The poem is founded on a few fragments of an old ballad commemorating the battle of Flodden, in which the inhabitants of that part of Selkirkshire known as the Forest suffered severely. It is not known that Miss Elliot wrote anything else. Loaming, a milking-place, or a green lane. Buchts, pens for sheep or cattle. Scorning, making fun. Dowie, dreary. Daffin' and gabbin', joking and chatting. Leglin, milk-pail. Hairst, harvest. Shearing, reaping. Bandsters, sheaf-binders. Lyart, grizzled. Runkled, wrinkled. Fleeching, coaxing. Gloaming, twilight. Swankies, strapping young fellows. Bogle, ghost; an allusion to an old Scottish custom on All Hallows Eve, October 31st; see Burns's poem of Halloween. Dool, sorrow. 82. Bannockburn, near Stirling, where the English under Edward the Second were utterly routed by the Scotch under Robert Bruce, June 24th, 1314. See Tytler's History of Scotland, i, 26077. A spirited description of the battle will be found in Sir Walter Scott's Lord of the Isles.

83. Lochaber (the confluence of the lakes), a district in the west of Inverness-shire, near the borders of Argyllshire, was the home of the Cameron Clan.

85. Henry, Lord Clifford, the subject of this poem, was the son of John, Lord Clifford, an active supporter of the House of Lancaster, who, after the battle of Wakefield, slew the young Earl of Rutland, son of the Duke of York, and was himself killed at the battle of Towton, March 29th, 1461. Henry was deprived of his estate and honours by Edward the Fourth, and not restored to them till the accession of Henry the Seventh. During those twenty-four years he

lived the life of a shepherd in Yorkshire or in Cumberland, the home of his father-in-law, Sir Lancelot Threlkeld. See Wordsworth's notes to the poem.

No. 86. This poem, or, more properly, fragment of a poem, is said by Coleridge to have been com

པ

posed in his sleep after reading a story in Purchas's Pilgrimage.

87. Brent, smooth. Beld, bald. Canty, lively, jolly.

96. Blate, ashamed. Snool, to cringe.

97. The Ettrick Shepherd, James Hogg, a Scottish poet of humble birth and life (1782-1835). The Border Minstrel, Sir Walter Scott. For her who, Mrs. Hemans (1794-1835).

100. Capote, a hooded cloak.

,, 105. The battle of Harlaw, a village on the Urie in Aberdeenshire, was fought on July 24th, 1411, between Donald, Lord of the Isles, at the head of a large force of Highlanders and Islesmen, and Alexander, Earl of Mar, at the head of the northern nobility and gentry of Saxon and Norman descent. See a note to The Antiquary, from which novel the ballad is taken. Carle, man. Kennachie, a ridge of hills overlooking the valleys of the Don and Urie. Chafron (chanfron), a steel covering for the head of a war-horse, armed with a sharp spike. Branking down the brae, marching down the hill. Glaives, broadswords. Kerne, a foot-soldier, generally used contemptuously as of an undisciplined rabble opposed to mounted knights. 106. Horsetails, a horse's tail fixed on a lance was the Pasha's standard, which was set up before his tent. Skirr, scour, gallop over. Janizar, janissary, a soldier of the Turkish foot-guards. Coumourgi, Ali Coumourgi, better known in history as Damad Pasha, a famous Turkish general who was killed at the battle of Carlowitz, where the Turks were defeated by the Austrians in 1716. The siege of Corinth commemorated in this poem took place in 1715.

No. 107. The battle of Copenhagen was fought on April 2nd, 1801. See Professor Laughton's Nelson ("English Men of Action "), ch. viii.

108. The battle of Flodden was fought on September 9th, 1513. The Scotch lost nearly ten thousand men, including their king, James the Fourth, and many of his chief nobles; the English, who were commanded by the Earl of Surrey, lost about five hundred. See Tytler's History of Scotland, v, 58-68. Bent, rough grass, but here used for the hill on which it grew. Flodden Hill is an outlying spur of the Cheviots; the battle was fought close to where the village of Branxton now stands, on the left bank of the Till, some three miles south of Coldstream on the English border.

,, 109. Hohenlinden is a village in Bavaria near which, on December 3rd, 1800, the French, under Moreau, defeated the Austrians commanded by the Archduke John. Campbell witnessed the battle from the top of a neighbouring monastery. See Alison's History of Europe, vii, 285-91. III. Sir John Moore was killed in the moment of victory, while covering the embarkation of his troops at Corunna, January 16th, 1809, at the conclusion of a disastrous retreat before a vastly superior French force. A monument was erected over his grave by Ney, bearing the inscription, John Moore leader of the English armies, slain in battle, 1809. See Alison's History of Europe, xii, 172-97; also Napier's History of the Peninsular War, i, 513-30.

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112. As a matter of historical fact, the first white man to stare at the Pacific" was Vasco Nuñez de Balboa, September 26th, 1513, many years before Cortez saw its waters, who moreover never in his life saw them from the Isthmus of Darien. See Help's Spanish Conquest in America, i, 338-63, one of the most delightful books in our language.

118. "The Wednesday before last Shelley, Hunt, and I wrote each a sonnet on the River Nile;

some day you shall read them all." Letters of John Keats, edited by Mr. Sidney Colvin, p. 72. For once in his life Hunt showed himself a better poet than his two friends. The laughing

queen, Cleopatra.

No. 121. See Quentin Durward, ch. iv.

124. Inch, island.

128. See Waverley, ch. xxii.

,, 129. Lochiel, Donald, son of Sir Evan Cameron of Lochiel, who fought for James under Dundee at Killiecrankie, and at the time of Culloden was living, old, poor, and an exile, in France. The son was worthy of the father, and it was well known in the Highlands that not a chief would have joined Prince Charles had he not led the way.

133. Written after the battles of Jena and Auerstadt, October 14th, 1806, which annihilated the power of Prussia for several years. Napoleon entered Berlin in triumph, and on November 20th issued his famous decree against the commerce of England, declaring the British Islands to be in a state of blockade, and ordering all Englishmen found in countries occupied by French troops to be treated as prisoners of

134.

war.

"The air of 'Bonnie Dundee' running in my head to-day, I wrote a few verses to it before dinner, taking the key-note from the story of Clavers leaving the Scottish Convention of Estates in 1688-9. I wonder if they are good." Sir Walter Scott's Journal, December 22nd, 1825; see Lockhart's Life of Scott, viii, 168-9. The ballad was printed in the play of The Doom of Devergoil, in a note to which will be found the story to which Scott alludes, taken from Dalrymple's Memoirs of Great Britain and Ireland. John Graham, of Claverhouse, Viscount of Dundee (1643-89), was a cadet of the House of Graham, of which the Marquis of Montrose was the head. He commenced his military career under the famous

French General Turenne, but afterwards transferred his allegiance to the Dutch, fought under William of Orange, and saved his life at the battle of Seneffe. In consequence of a quarrel with William, he returned to Scotland and took service under Charles the Second. After James's flight in 1688, he maintained his cause in Scotland with extraordinary vigour and capacity, till, in the Pass of Killiecrankie near Blair Athol, July 27th, 1689, at the head of some two thousand Highlanders, he utterly defeated an English force nearly twice as strong, and fell in the moment of victory. See No. 172. The estimate of his character will always vary according to the political faith of his critics; but the truth may be said to rest about midway between the sinner of the Whigs and the saint of the Jacobites. I will again venture, for the reasons given before, to refer my readers, if they feel any curiosity on the subject, to my own little volume on Claverhouse (Longman's English Worthies," 1887).

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No. 138. Brede, braid, ornament carved or worked in relief.

,, 144. Gúl, the rose.

,, 146. Galliard, an old French dance to a lively tune, imported into England in the sixteenth century. 151. Correi, the hollows of the hills where the game usually lies. Cumber, trouble, difficulty.

,, 152. See Lockhart's Life of Scott, x, 104-6. ,, 153. On the morning of April 9th, 1814, Byron wrote to Moore: "No more rhyme for-or rather from me. I have taken my leave of that stage, and henceforward will mountebank it no longer. I have had my day, and there's an end." In the evening a Gazette Extraordinary announced Napoleon's abdication, and on the next morning Byron wrote this ode, which was immediately published, though without his In his diary for April 10th, he notes: "To-day I have_boxed one hour-written an ode to Napoleon Buonaparte-copied it-eaten

name.