Mecca and back again, perfectly
fresh and good, iii. 57, 58.
BLACK, a colour almost peculiar to
the priests of Baal, iii, 3. Mour-
ners also habited in black, ib. No
person appeared in black at a feast,
107.

BLUE, a colour in great esteem
among the Jews and other oriental
nations, iii. 3. Gradually fell in-
to disrepute till it became associ-
ated with the ideas of meanness and
vulgarity, ib.

BODIES, dead, of notorious malefac-
tors, hanged upon trees after they
had suffered the death to which
they were condemned, iii. 304.
BONDS, for securing a prisoner, of two

kinds, public and private, iii. 313.
BOOTH, erected in an open planta-

tion, or in the vineyards for the
watchman, ii. 489. A mean and
temporary hovel, 489, 490, 499.
Solitary and cheerless, 489. Con-
structed of wood, and thatched with
green reeds and branches, 500.
Sometimes so slight, as to consist
only of four poles, with a floor on
the top of them, to which they as-
cended by a ladder, ib. In the or-
chards near Aleppo, a small square
watchhouse is built for the watch-
men in the fruit season, ib.
BOOTY, of the warriors; prisoners
and spoils, iii. 432, 433. Common
people sold by auction, and their
lands divided among the victors,
433. The Jewish captives that were
carried to Babylon, treated with
greater lenity, ib., 434. Booty con-
sisted also of all the moveable pro-
perty, 445. In Greece, the gene-
ral had the first choice, 446. Mode
of division among the rest of the
army, 446, 447. Part of the spoils
dedicated to the gods by the Greeks,
447. Manner in which the soldiers
dedicated a part of their booty to
the god of battles, 448.
BOTTLES of the east, made of a goat
or kid skin, ii. 407. On a journey
they are hung to the saddle, after
being filled with water, ib. These
skin bottles preserve their water,
milk, and other liquids, 408.

They are enclosed in woollen sacks,
ib. Provisions of every kind en-
closed in these skin bottles, ib.
These skins not confined to the
countries of Asia, ib. These bottles
smutted in the tent, 409. Liable
to be rent, and at the same time ca-
pable of being repaired, 410.
Bow, the, mentioned in the holy
Scriptures as the first weapon, iii.
375. Is still used by some na-
tions in war, 376. At first made
of horn tipt with gold, but for the
most part of wood, ib. Adorned
with gold and silver, ib. Asiatic
warrior often used a bow of steel
or brass, ib. Such bows were bent
with the foot, ib. The Persians
carried bows three cubits in length,
377. The orientals carried their
bows in a case of cloth or leather,
hung to their girdle, ib. A weapon
in common use among the oriental
shepherds, ii. 395.

BowLs, of the vulgar Arabs, made
of wood, ii. 406. Those belonging
to their chiefs not unfrequently
of copper tinned, 406.
Box of alabaster, used to hold the

most precious ointments, iii. 108.
BOXERS exercised their arms with
the guantlet, or when they had no
antagonist near, iii. 328. How
they performed their exercises, 330.
One of the rudest and most dange-
rous of the combats, ib.
BRACELET, worn by the oriental
princes as a badge of power and au-
thority, iii. 227. Fastened above
the elbow, ib.
BRANCHES of palm carried in the
hands of conquerors, iii. 454.
BRASIERS, used in the east for warm-
ing their apartments, ii. 550.
BRASS, the only metal known in the
primitive ages, iii. 357. Arms of
the warrior made of it, ib. All
sorts of instruments, their very
houses, made of brass, 358. Arms
of the Asiatics of the same metal,
ib. Iron introduced about the time
of David into Canaan, 359.
BREAD in the east baked every day,
iii. 49. In Barbary it is usually
leavened, 53. Among the Bedo-

weens and Kabyles, it is baked as
soon as the dough is kneaded, ib.
Baked on the hearth, 54. Some-
times they use small convex plates
of iron, 54. Bread commonly long,
and not thicker than a finger, ib.
Must be eaten new, 57. To eat
of the same bread, a sure pledge of
inviolable friendship among the an-
cients, 182.

BREAKFAST in Greece and other
countries, iii. 45. To eat and drink
in the morning, considered in Israel
as an act of debauchery, ib. Break-
fast in Syria in present times, con-
sists of a variety of solid food, ib.
Taken as soon as they get up in the
morning, ib.

BREASTPLATE, or half corslet;

made of hempen cords; but the
most approved of brass, iron, or
other metals, 362. Their extra-
ordinary hardness, ib. Polished
to dazzling brightness, ib. Two
or three plates often placed upon
one another, 363.
BRIDE, eastern, submitted to various
purifications before the celebration
of her nuptials, iii. 138. Placed,
during the marriage ceremony, un-
der a canopy, supported by four
youths, 140. Ceremony anciently
concluded with a solemn benedic-
tion by the parents and relations of
the bride, ib. Bride conducted with
great pomp to the house of her hus-
band, ib. Use of perfumes at east-
ern marriages common, ib. The
procession led by virgins with sil-
ver-gilt pots of perfumes, 141. Aro-
matics burned in the windows of all
the houses in the streets through
which the procession is to pass, ib.
The custom still continues in the
east, ib. Reception of a young Tur-
kish bride at the bagnio, ib. In
Greece, the new-married pair con-
ducted with torches and lamps, 141,
142. Usually carried by servants,
142. Sometimes attended with
singers and dancers, ib. Marriage
procession of the Hindoos, ib. A
friend often sent to conduct the bride
to the house of her husband, while
he remained at home to receive her,

144. Bride's dress often changed du-
ring the solemnity, ib. Gifts made
to her by her relations, 146. Car-
ried to her house with great pomp,
ib. Presents made to the bride by
the bridegroom and his friends, ib.
In Egypt these presents carried im-
mediately before the bride, 147.
BRIDAL-CROWNS, with which the
ancient Jews adorned the new-mar-
ried pair, iii. 139. Generally of
gold, and made in the form of a
tower, ib.

BUCKET, leathern, with a cord, used
by the orientals for drawing water
from the wells, ii. 389.
BUCKLER, the ancient, generally co-
vered the whole body, iii. 366.
BULL, his strength, courage, and
fierceness, ii. 5. Disposed to unite
with those of his own kind, against
a common enemy, ib. Appropriate
symbol of a fierce and ruthless war-
rior, ib. In the rutting season quite
ungovernable, often furious, 6.
BURGLE, wheat boiled, then bruised
in a mill, after which it is dried and
laid up for use, iii. 60. Pounded
in a mortar with a pestle, 61. A

whole year's provision of this corn
prepared at once, ib.
BURIAL, want of, reckoned in the
east, an irreparable loss, iii. 254.
To be buried in a foreign land re-
garded as a very great misfortune,
255. Peculiar reason for Jacob de-
siring to be buried in his native
land, 256.

BURNING, a capital punishment
among the Jews, next in severity
to stoning, iii. 303. Description of
it, ib. Used by the Romans also,
311.

BURNOOSE, or cloak, worn over the
hykes or blankets in the east, iii.
11. Description of it, ib. A com-
mon article of dress among the
Jews, ib. A similar garment worn
also by the Romans, ib.
BUSKINS, worn by some in the east,
iii. 18. Laced about the ankle and
reached up to the calf of the leg, ib.
BUTTER, method of making it, ii.
421. Milk churned in a goat skin
suspended in their tents, and pressed

CAFFETAN, or robe of honour, is
often bestowed as a mark of distinc-
tion in the east, iii. 215, 216.
Lowth's opinion in reference to the
dress promised by Belshazzar to
Daniel, examined, 216.
CAKES; meagre barley cake, iii. 47.

Unleavened cakes, about an inch
thick, 53. Often prepared by the
oriental ladies in their own apart-
ments, 57. Cakes done with yolks
of eggs, ib. Mixed with coriander
seeds, or sprinkled with them and
other seeds, ib.

CALAH, city of, i. 113. Near the
head of the river Lycus, ib. Pro-
bably the Halah mentioned in
Scripture, ib.

CALIGULA, the Roman emperor, a

a cruel tyrant, was so terrified when
it thundered, that he covered his
head, or hid himself under a bed,
ii. 170.

CALNE, city of, supposed to be the
same with Ctesiphon, a city on the
Tigris, near Seleucia, for some
time capital of the Parthian domi-
nions, i. 107.

CAMEL, name of, its derivation, i.

511. Camels constituted a princi-
pal part of patriarchal wealth, ib.
Very numerous in the East in an-
cient times, ib. A particular of-
ficer appointed by the kings of Is-
rael to superintend them, ib. De-
scription of the camel, 512. An
inhabitant of the desert, ib. His
food and habits, 512, 513. The
cisterns of his stomach for holding
water, 514. His great strength,
ib. Sometimes yoked to the cha-
riot, ib. Used in war, ib., 515.
In journeying over the desert, ib.

Manner of riding on him, ib. Of
great importance, as a means of sub-
sistence in the desert, 516. The
camel, among the Egyptians, the
symbol of a man, 517. The in-
crease and flourishing state of Mes-
siah's kingdom compared to a mul-
titude of camels, ib. Lust of the ca-
mel very ungovernable, 518. The
proverbial expression, "To pass a
camel through the eye of a needle,"
explained, ib., 519, 520. To swal-
low a camel, what, ib., 526.
rallel expressions quoted, 521, 522.
CAMP of the Israelites, its arrange-
ments, iii. 394, 395. Mr. Har-
mer's opinion considered, 395.
Form of it varied according to cir-
cumstances, 398.

Pa-

CAMP of the Israelites in Canaan
seems to have been open and un-
guarded on all sides, 400. Arab
camp always circular, when the dis-
positions of the ground will per-
mit, ib. Chieftain in the mid-
dle, and the troops at a respectful
distance around him, ib.
CANAAN, the youngest son of Ham,
settled in the country which for
many ages bore his name, i. 66.

-" land of, remarkable for its
being the residence of the chosen
people, and the theatre of our re-
demption, i. 118. Reserved by
God for the inheritance of Israel,
ib., 119, 145. Its length and
breadth, 169. Surpassed all other
countries in fertility, ib. Fell ori-
ginally to the lot of Canaan, one
of the sons of Ham, ib. Settled
by his eleven sons, ib. Tempe-
rature of, various, i. 233. Fre-
quent and copious rains, 235. The
fields in summer quite burnt up,
ib. Smart showers sometimes in
summer, 236. Rainy season li-
mited to the autumnal and winter
months, 237. Time of harvest ge-
nerally dry, 238. Winter months
often extremely cold and rainy,
238, 243. Time of the first rains,
239. Introduced by a gale of wind,
240. Winds variable, ib. Mon-
soons generally very severe, ib.
Hurricanes often preceded by a

very small cloud, 242. Autumn, a
delightful season, 244. Frost some-
times very severe about Jerusalem,
ib. Storms of hail very violent,
245. Snow falls in large flakes,
246. Often warm in winter, 248.
Division of the winter, 250.
rians give entertainments under
tents in the warm part of winter,
251. Retire to the gardens in
April and May, ib.
Fields co-

Sy-

vered with flowers in the middle of
February, ib., 252. Coldness of
the night in all seasons, very in-
convenient in the east, 252. In the
the rainy season, the rains very a-
bundant and violent, 255. For-
mer and latter rains, 256. Copi-
ous dews, 261. Sand-rains, 263.
Whirlwinds, 264, 265. Pillars of
sand, 266, 267. Simoom, or hot
wind of the desert, 268, 269, 270.
Lightnings, frequent in the autum-
nal months, 275. Wisdom of God
displayed in the temperature of an
eastern sky, 278.
CANAANITES, a mixed people de-
scended from the five nations, i.
135. Settled within the limits of
Canaan, ib. Dispossessed by the
Philistines, ib. Originally bore the
names of the Arkite, Sinite, Arva-
dite, Zemarite, and Hamathite, ib.
CANAL, the large, which filled the
cisterns of Alexandria, at least fif-
teen leagues long, i. 152. Paved
and its sides lined with brick, iḥ.
CANE, See Reed, i. 302.
CANOPY erected by Akber, Empe-
ror of Hindostan, so large as to con-
tain ten thousand persons, iii. 114.
The erecting of it employed one
thousand men for a week with the
help of machines, ib. Cost of one
of his awnings, without any orna-
ment, ten thousand rupees, ib.
CAP, spherical, worn by some of the
orientals on the crown of the head,
iii. 12.

of leather, worn by boxers in
the Grecian games, to defend their
heads, iii. 330.

CAPERNAUM, city of; on the mar-
gin of the lake of Tiberias, i. 204.
Built on the ruins of ancient Cin-

nerith, 203. Derived its name from
a celebrated fountain near it, 204.
Chosen by our Lord for the place
of his ordinary residence, ib.
CAPHTORIM, near neighbours to the
Casluhim, i. .93. In process of
time, blinded with the Casluhim
into one people, ib.
CAPTIVES taken in war, often strip-
ped naked, shaved and forced to
travel, exposed to the burning sun-
beam, iii. 435. Captives sold at a
very low price, 436. Lots often
cast for them among the Jews and
Greeks, ib. Their eyes not sel-
dom put out, sometimes literally
dug out of their sockets, 437. Their
noses and lips, without distinction of
age or sex, cut off, ib. At other times
their thumbs and great toes, 438.
Captives that had greatly provoked
the indignation of their conquerors,
put to death by lot, or a certain
part of them which they measured
with a line, ib. Horrid punish-
ments inflicted by the king of Is-
rael on the Ammonites, 439. But
the most shocking punishment was
to bind the bodies of the dead to
the living, joining hands to hands,
and face to face, 441.
CARMEL, mount; on the western
border of Canaan, i. 187. Rises
on the sea coast, ib. Here Eli-
jah fixed his residence, ib. It is
of a beautiful shape and towering
height, 188. The mountain itself
is nothing but rock, ib. Some
parts of it are now covered with
soil from the fields below, and cul-
tivated, ib. The fields around great-
ly celebrated for the extent of their
pastures and the richness of their
verdure, ib. Carmel one of the
barriers of Canaan, ib. Celebrated
in all ages for its deep and entan-
gled forests, its savage rocks, its lof-
ty summit, and almost inaccessible
fastnesses ib., 189. Its summit
clothed with verdure in the days of
Amos, ib.

CARPETS and cushions carried be-
fore the great, wherever they please,
upon which they may repose, iii.
209.

CASLUHIM, possessions of, in the|
country of Casiotis, i. 92. The
progenitors of the Philistines, 93.
CAVERNS at the Dead Sea, the grot-
toes of Engeddi, some of which
will contain fifteen hundred men,
i. 154.

CAVES; the original abodes of man-
kind ii. 513. The occasional a-
bode of the shepherd and his family,
403. These caverns very capa-
cious, ib. In Egypt they were the
settled abodes of a numerous popu-
lation, ib. Description of the in-
numerable excavations in Upper
Egypt, ib.

CEDARS of Lebanon, description of,
i. 163, 165.

CERASTES, or Horned Snake, i.
446. Description of it, 447. Its
habits, ib. Has always been rec-
koned extremely cunning, 448.
Equally formidable to man and the
lower animals, 447. Symbol of
the tribe of Dan, 448.
CEREMONY of weighing the emperor
of Hindostan in a balance, iii.
233. His health determined by
his weight, 234.

CESTUS, thongs of leather, or gloves
filled with plummets of lead and
iron, used by boxers in the Gre-
cian games, iii. 330.
CHAINS of silver and gold worn by
persons of distinction in the east,
iii. 228. Chains of the same pre-
cious metal suspended about the
necks of their camels, and from the
bridles to the breast-plates of their
horses, ib.

CHALDEA; its extent, i. 84. Its
capital Babylon, 114.
CHAMPIONS, two or more, frequently
decided the quarrel of two contend-
ing armies, by single combat, iii.
414. The challenge given on those
occasions couched in the most in-
solent language, 415.
CHANGING the dress of a person, a

mark of honour in the east, iii. 214.
CHARGER, how managed in the east,

iii. 352. Sometimes adorned with
rich trappings, i. 355.
CHARIOT races, the most renowned

of all the exercises used in the

games of the ancients, iii. 336,
337.
CHARIOTS of war, iii. 354. Use of
them very ancient, ib. Armed with
scythes, 355. Chariots of princes
highly ornamented, 355, 356.
CHEESE; how made, ii. 425. Their
weight, ib. In shape and size, they
resemble penny loaves, ib. Ori-
ental cheeses often resemble curds
or coagulated milk, ib. Others are
sufficiently pressed and dried to ad-
mit of being removed from one
place to another, ib.
CHERITH; a brook where the pro-
phet Elijah was fed by ravens,
ii. 275. Supposed to be the same
as the river Kana, mentioned by
Joshua, ib. Owes its name Che-
rith to the violent rapidity of its
stream, ib. Its particular course
distinctly marked, ib.
CHERETHITES and Pelethites; two
distinct bands of body-guards, iii.
385. The first archers; the last,
spearmen and slingers, ib.
CHESED, the son of Nahor and the
father of the Chaldees, i. 116.
CHILD, distinguished from others by
a surname derived from the trade
or occupation of his parent, iii.
154. Meaning of the Saviour be-
ing called the carpenter, 155. The
child sometimes preserved by the
milk of its father's breast, 156. A
feast given when the child is to be
weaned, ib.

CICERS; a species of pulse, used in
the east only as a part of the de-
sert after their meals, iii. 62.
CIRCUMVALLATION, lines of; drawn

round a fortified town, iii. 418. Dis-
tress produced by those works, 419.
CISTERNS; in Egypt receive the wa-
ter of the Nile, and discharge it
through holes in the bottom, which
are stopt with plugs, till it is need-
ed, i. 149. The water is conducted
from one rill to another by the hus-
bandman, 150.

CITADEL, in fortified cities, ii. 559.
A place of refuge in a time of dan-
ger, ib. Commonly placed on an
eminence to which they ascended
by a flight of steps, 560. Some