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25, 31, 32, and 33-Are characteristic heads from Nature, by Mrs. Hakewill, in an excellent and original style.

51. The Young Fifer. By W. Collins, sen. And two others, by the same artist, are creditable attempts at familiar humor, chosen from low life, but neither offensive nor unpleasing; a few defects in drawing, paiticularly the proportion of the heads, might be pointed out as worthy of attention in future productions. 92. A Negro overpowering a Bufalo; a fact which occurred in America, 1809. G. Dawe, A.R A.

The fact here illustrated is that of strong muscular action, by which the powerful and energetic frame of a most perfect form of the human body, is shewn to the greatest advantage. The difficulties Mr. Dawe must have had to contend with, are conquered in a masterly manner, and exhibit his power as an artist in an eminent degree. The anatomical knowledge, foreshortening, and colouring, are singularly beautiful, and the rich brown hues of the negro, are finely contrasted by the blue black of the animal, and those again by a brilliant and effective sky. It is a picture of the highest degree of merit.

29. The Bard, from Gray; by the President West;

Is too well known to need panegyric but it must be observed, that if Mr. Gray, as he himself acknowledged, conceived his idea of the indignant Bard, from Parmegiano's Moses, Mr. West has most happily adopted the same sublime idea, but without the slightest imputation of plagiarism.

132. Romer leaving Juliet in the Garden. B. R. Haydon.

Is a work of great merit, by the pain

ter of Dentatus, that was exhibited last year. Our limits will not permit us to say more than that there is a greater feeling of originality of style in Mr. Haydon's works than of any young artist of the present day, and that he promises to be a first. rate historical painter.

Of the Landscapes, suffice it to say, they are all good; and many excellent. Chalon, W. Westall, Linnell, Baker, Miss Gouldsmith, Reinagle, R. B. Hoppner, Arnald, and Glover, are among the most prominent.

The present exhibition is a flattering British school, and of the utility of the proof of the encreased energies of the institution. It is no small praise to add that it is, as the 'last, the best; and we hope the next may shew an equal degree of improvement with this.

The Fine Arts of the English School, illustrated by a series of bigbly-finished Engravings, from Paintings, Sculpture, and Architecture, by the most eminent Artists, with Historical, Descriptive, and Biographical Letter-press. Edited by Britton, F. S. A. January 1811. No. III. Longman and Co. Taylor, and Bond. The third Number of this elegant work, contains four engravings, viz.

1. A portrait of John Marquis of Granby, from a picture by Sir Joshua Reynolds, engraved by William Bond: also a Memoir, by John Mason Goode, esq. F.R.S.

2. Sculpture: Monumental Alto-relievo, illustrative of Thy Kingdom come," by John Flaxman, esq RA. engraved by William Bond, with observations on the Subject, by Robert Hunt, esq.

3. A picture of Titania, Puck, and the

Changeling, painted by George Romney, esq. engraved by Edward Scriven: with remarks on the Subject, by W. H. Watts, esq.

4. Architecture: a perspective view from the NE. angle, of St. Paul's Cathedral Church, London; engraved by J. Le Keux, from a drawing by James Elmes, esq. architect, with a further account of that Edifice, by Edmund Aikin, esq. architect,

It continues with unabating vigour: the the line engraving of St. Paul's Church, engravings are well executed, particularly from Mr. Elmes's drawing, which, for correctness of architectural detail, and beauty of engraving, has not been surpassed in any work that has been lately published.

The pictures that are announced for the succeeding Numbers, promise an encreased interest, and we are happy to find the British School likely to produce much employ to such a work as this, which is solely confined to the illustration of the productions of British artists,

A Series

Series of Progressive Lessons, intended to elucidate the Art of Painting in Water Colours. Published by T. Clay, Ludgate bill, 1811. This is one of the most useful compendiums of the first elements of water-co. Jour painting, that has been yet published. It is full, without being prolix, and exhibits, in a clear and easy manner, the whole process of a water-colour drawing, from the outline to its finish. To youthful artists, it must be both a useful and entertaining instructor.

INTELLIGENCE.

The Royal Academy have offered the following premiums to their students for

the current year:

:

For the best historical picture in oil colours; a gold medal and fifty guineas. The subject to be Themistocles taking Refuge at the Court of Adinetus.-Vide Cornelius Nepos, Thucydides, &c. To consist of not less than three figures; the size of the cloth to be a common half length, viz. two feet two inches by three feet four: the principal figure to measure not more than two feet in height, nor less than twenty inches.

For the best model of a bas-relief; a gold medal and fifty guineas. The subject to be Hercules rescuing Alcestes from Orcus.-Potter's Euripides. To consist of not less than three figures; the principal figure to measure not more than two feet in Leight, nor less than twenty inches.

N.B. The candidates are to present their models either baked or cast in plaster.

For the best finished design in architecture; a gold medal and fifty guineas. The subject to be a Theatre. The whole comprised of one general and regular composition; the designs to be as large as an entire sheet of double elephant will admit.

A number of silver medals will be given for the best models and drawings of Academy figures, done in the Royal Aca. demy; and for the best accurate figured drawings of the east front of Covent Garden Theatre. Done from actual measurements, carefully finished and washed; to be as large as a whole sheet of double elephant will admit, attested to be their own drawings by any one of the Academicians, or any other professor of reputation, resident in London.

The first medal in each of these classes, will be accompanied with a copy of Reynold's and West's Discourses; and Barry's Lectures, handsomely bound and inscribed.

Three silver medals will also be given for the best drawings, and three silver medals for the best models, of a statue, or groupe, in the Antique Academy, to be selected and set out by the keeper for that purpose, on the first day of October next, for one month.

The first medal in each of these classes, will be accompanied with a copy of Fusel's and Opie's Lectures, handsomely bound and inscribed.

The pictures, drawings, models, and designs, for all the premiums, to be de livered to the keeper of the Royal Aca demy, upon Friday, the first day of November next.

All the students who are candidates for the premiums of the gold medals, are to attend upon Friday, the fifteenth day of November next, (at ten o'clock in the forenoon) at the Royal Academy, in order to give a proof of their abilities, by making a sketch of a given subject, in the presence of the keeper.

The time allowed for making these sketches, will be five hours, from ten till

three.

The candidates for the historical pieture, to make their sketches in oil colours.

All the students who are candidates for the premiums given for the Academy figures, are to enter their names in the keeper's book, on or before Wednesday, the eleventh day of October next, and to begin making their models, or drawings, on Monday, the fourteenth day of Oc tober next; when the visitor will be de sired to set the model in the same attitude for six nights successively; and on Monday, the 21st of October, the model will be placed in another attitude, and continue the same during six nights. Candidates for the premiums to be given for the drawings or models from the antique, must enter their names on or before the 1st of October.

The drawings, or models done in the Academy, are to be left with the keeper.

No student who has already gained a medal, shall be admitted a candidate a second time for the same premium.

A Mr. Barry, of Bristol, has just finished, and will exhibit, two pictures, that, in the style of comic humour, are equal to Wilkie or Bird. The subjects, a Nervous Patient and Doctor, and a Summer's Afternoon, with all the Effects of Heat.

REVIEW OF NEW MUSICAL PUBLICATIONS.

0 Dolce Concento." The favourite Air compaard by Mozart, with Variations by Miss Parke. 25.

HIS air is said in the title-page

THIS

to have been sung (meaning as here presented to us, we presume) with unbounded applause, both at Bath and the Hanover-square rooms. Were we asked whether Miss P. has evinced fancy and ingenuity in her variations, we should say, Yes; but were we questioned as to their sense and propriety, as to their connection with the sentiment of the words, or their pretensions to the applause of a feeling and judicious audience, we should be obliged to reply with our most energetic negative. We are too well acquainted with Miss Parke's good sense, cultivated taste, and scientific acquisitions, not to wonder that she should compromise them all by yielding to the idle, false, frivolous, and vitiated, style, so prevalent in the present age, and so repulsive to every auditor who wishes to feel while he listens, and not to have his ear gratified at the expense of passion and intellect. Were Mozart living, he would.

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run mad to hear the vacant and unmeaning quaverings, semi-quaverings, and demi-semi-quaverings, that have been applied to this simple, chaste, and affecting, air.

A grand Duett for two Performers on one Pianoforte, as performed by Miss Cheese and the Auibor, at the Concerts in Dublin. Composed by Sir J. A. Stevenson, Mus. Doc. 5s.

Much fancy and ingenious construction exhibit themselves in this duett. The passages are conceived with that taste which pervades the greater part of sir John Stevenson's compositions; and the parts are ingeniously combined, It is not always that in these conbined productions the effect keeps pace with the labour, a praise peculiarly due to the composer of the present piece.

Number 1. of a Bavarian Air, with Variations for the Piano-forte, Harp, and Flute Composed for the Right Hon. Lady Charlotte Cholmondely, by J. Mazzinghi, esq. Single 38. with Accompaniments, 5s.

The variations applied by Mr. Mazzinghi to this air, form so many additional instances of his fancy and ingenuity. The combined effect of the instruments to which he has here adapt ed the melody his taste has selected, reflects no trivial credit on his judgment: and it is justice, not panegyric,

2

to say that no judicious ear can attend
it without pleasure and delight.

A favourite Sonata for the Piano-forte, dedicated
to Miss Joanna Smith, by F Fiorillo. 45.
This sonata, in which Mr. Fiorillo has
introduced a popular Scotch air, is ren-
dered particularly attractive by the va-
The different move-
riety it possesses.
ments are happily contrasted, and the
general effect, partly arising from the di-
versity and partly from the beauty of the
movements, is so excellent as to justfy us
in recommending the composition to the
notice of all piano-forte practitioners.
A grand March, for the Piano-forte. Composed
and dedicated to Miss M. A. Clementson, by
N. Rolfe. 25.

This march possesses much of the true military cast, and exhibits novelty with its spirit. The succeeding movement, for which we wonder Mr. Roife did not give himself credit in the titlepage, is uncommonly attractive in its subject, and concludes the production

with excellent effect.

For a' That and a" That;" a Scotch Air, with Varia ions for the Piano-forte, by T. Ross, esq. of Aberdeen. 15, 6d.

Mr. Ross, of whose ballads and piano-forte compositions we have so often felt ourselves called upon to speak in such commendatory terms, has done ample justice to his present subject. The variations are faini iar, pleasing, progressive, and improving, and cannot but be valuable to the young practitioner on the instrument for winch they are designed.

Lord Wellington, and Three original Airs for the Piano-forte. Composed by G. G. Fervan.

In these pieces, which Mr. Ferrari bas embellished with accompaniments for a German flute or violin, we find striking evidences of an easy and graceful imagination, as well as a respectable portion of science. The parts combine with much sweetness of effect; and it is but justice to say the real inaster is cxhibited throughout.

"The Kiss and the Tear;" a Ballad, written by
W. Dimond, esq. with an Accompanimen for
the Piana forte. Composed and sung by Mas
Parke.
as. Od.

Miss Parke has given to the words before us, a melody full of feeling and pathos. Their sense is at once sweetig, justly, and forcibly, expressed, and, as illustrated by the fair composer, cannot but reach every heart. If there is any

draw-back

draw-back upon the general interest of the expression, it is in the flutter arising from the too-abundant use of demisemi-quavers, with introductory and intervening symphonies.

The Boat Song, from the Lady of the Lake, by Walter Scott, esq. Composed and arranged as a Glee for three Voices, dedicated to Mrs. Willis, by Sir John Stevenson. 55.

The boat song, which is here given with an accompaniment for two performers, displays a variety of musical powers. The inelody is happily immagined, the parts are scientifically and ingeniously blended, and the accompaniment is elegant, rich, and fanciful. We recommend the boat song to all lovers of good vocal harmony, aided by skilful instrumental embellishment. "The Mourning Ring, or the Token;" written on the late Frincess Amelia's mournful present to His Majesty. Set to Music with a Recitation and an Accompaniment for the Piano-forte, by Dr. Clarke, of Cambridge. 1s. 6d.

Of the music of the " Mourning Ring," we may justly speak in terms of commendation; the poetry has not the same claims to our praise. Dr. Clarke

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This air, in the points of original and tasteful conception, is fully worthy the extraordinary talents of its author. The variations are so ingenious and free, as to impart considerable interest to the subject, and to engage and delight the cultivated ear.

A Polacca for the Flageolet, or Flute, and Pianoforie. Composed and inscribed to L. Illius, esq. by John Parry. 25.

The subject of this polacca, if ori ginal, is highly creditable to Mr. Parry's taste and fancy; and the manner in which he has conducted the digressive matter, evinces judgment, and a nice attention to uniformity and connection. The construction of the flageolet or flute part, is such as to admit of its being combined with the bass on the pianoforte, and being rendered independent of a wind instrument.

VARIETIES, LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL.
Including Notices of Works in Hand, Domestic and Foreign.

•. Authentic Communications for this Article will always be thankfully received,

D'

R. HAYTER'S Report to the PRINCE REGENT of his literary mission to the Court of Naples, in relation to the Herculaneum MSS. which mission excited so great a sensation and expectation in the literary world, and made so great a noise throughout Europe, will appear in a few days, superbly printed in a thin royal quarto.

Sir RICHARD PHILLIPS's volume on the Powers and Duties of Juries, and on the Criminal Laws of England, will be ready on Wednesday next.

Mr. TROTTER'S ACccount of Mr. Fox's Tour in France and Flanders, in the year 1802, and of the last four years of the life of that revered character, will apthis season, and be accompanied by pear numerous original letters, and other documents, illustrative of the latter years

of that distinguished patriot. As his Private Secretary, Mr. Trotter is eminently qualified to perform the interesting task, which he has undertaken with so laudable a respect for public curiosity.

Mr. BLAIR's Universal Preceptor, or General Text Book for Schools of every denomination, will appear in the current month, and will doubtless run the bril liant career of the other useful and well known works of the same author.

The opinions advanced by Dr Davy, during the present lectures at the Royal Institution, relating to combustion, and the nature of heat and light, vary so much from the received doctrines, and are so interesting and important, that we shall here endeavour to give an abstract of them from his different lectures.

Combustion, according to these new doctrines, is not the result of the combination of oxygen with other bodies, by

which

which the oxygen is condensed, and the light and heat given out, as the French che mists assert; nor are heat and light specific substances, differing from other matter. All bodies which have a strong chemical affinity or attraction for each other, are found to possess two different states of electricity. Thus, acids are negative, and the alkalies positive. Zinc and mercury, and other metals which possess strong chemical affinities, are also in different states of electricity. This difference in the natural states of electricity, Dr. Davy considered as the cause of chemical affinity. Combustion is the effect of chemical action. In such bodies as combine rapidly together, the particles are violently agitated; and, being separated from each other by their polar repulsions, are thrown off in straight lines through free space, and become radiant beat and light. According to Dr. Davy, the particles of all bodies possess polarity With many bodies oxygen has a most powerful affinity, and combines with great rapidity; and, during this violent chemical action, much light and heat are produced. Some of the French chemists have asserted, that oxygen is the only support of combustion, and that the light and heat given out comes from the oxygen alone. Bat light and heat are produced in a variety of instances without the presence of oxygen. Indeed, in all cases where bodies rapidly combine, the phænomena of combustion takes place, The new metal potassium, or the metal of potass, was placed in a glass vessel filled with carbonic acid gas; by the heat of a spirit lamp applied to the glass, the metal inflamed in this gas, and gave out a brilliant light. Charcoal was deposited on the side of the glass. In this experiment, it niay be said, that the oxygen of the carbonic acid combined with the potassium; but it ought to be recollected, that this oxygen had given out its light and heat. According to Lavoisier, when it combined with charcoal to form carbonic gas, it ought not, therefore, to give out a second time what it had before lost.-In another experiment, potassium and arsenic were placed in a close retort, containing nitrogen gas; by the beat of the spirit lamp they combined rapidly, and, during their combination, much light and heat were produced. Here, if the experiment was properly made, no oxygen was present.-Metals also inflame spontaneously in chlerine gas, (improperly called oxymuriatic acid gas).

This gas, Dr. Davy stated, was MONTHLY MAG, No. 211.

a simple uncompounded substance, containing no oxygen. His experiment's on this subject we shall afterwards mention.

Heat is radiated from the surfaces of all bodies, but in different degrees, according to their nature and colour. Black surfaces absorb and also emit radiant heat more rapidly than others. If a polished surface of metal, and an equal surface of charcoal, be heated to the same degree, and a thermometer be placed at the same distance from each, the charcoal will raise the thermometer more rapidly than the polished metal. This radiation of heat Mr. Leslie had attributed to certain aerial pulsations. Dr. Davy stated, this could not be the case, for heat was more powerfully ra. diated in vacuo than in the open air. He placed a platina wire in vacuo, and a thermometer at a certain distance from it; the wire was then ignited by means of the voltaic pile; the effect on the thermometer was greater and more rapid than when the same experiment was repeated in the air. All the metals are fused more rapidly in vacuo than in the open air, when acted upon by the voltaic pile, and give out a more intense degree of heat and light. Charcoal, in the same circumstances, ignites with a most bril liant light; and this light may be continu ed for any length of time, without any change of decomposition of the charcoal. The light and heat, in these experiments, cannot proceed from combinations of oxygen, but may be supposed to originate from the vibrations or violence of action of the particles of the bodies which are thus operated upon. This opinion was also adopted by Hooke and Boyle. The experiments of Dr. Her schel had shewn, that the sun constantly emitted invisible rays, (distinct from light,) which produce heat; other invi siblé rays are also emitted, which have the property of reviving metallic calces. The one he calls, heat inaking rays, the other, deoxydizing rays. Dr. Davy's opinions respecting light, and other rays emitted from the sun, imply, that he does not believe any of these phænomena will admit of an explanation by the pulsations of an ethereal medium. Ilis observations lead to the supposition, that the particles of light and of other bodies possess polarity. If a magnet be broken into any given number of parts, each part has its attracting and repelling poles, like the large magnet. If a blunt insulated metallic conductor be brought near an excited glass cylinder, it acquires 2 L

electrical

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