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and yet they are well known as having sprung from a stock which has not changed at all. Dr. Wiseman's work has supplied me with these facts.

Another work fraught with general information on such matters is a book by Lieut.-Colonel Smith, on dogs; and what do we learn there? Why, that the hoarse wolf-dog, prowling along the prairie, boldly claims pedigree with the Ducal spaniel-the real dog aristocratic, dozing, with becoming dignity, on his lady's knee; and that the ferocious bloodhound in Florida, employed by recreant Americans to hunt down the Aborigines to their destruction, boasts precisely the same original as the canine philanthropist of Mont St. Bernard, employed in right laudable benevolence to rescue travellers from untimely death. However differing-in their size, their conformation, and their dispositions-they are demonstrably but one race.

Why then, because men differ in some respects,--why pronounce them to be of different race? The analogy is clearly against such a judgment. The antecedent probability is that, though made of one blood at first, mankind would not remain, under all circumstances of climate and domestic economy, apparently and invariably the same.

It is a matter of unquestionable fact, that there has actually arisen, in our own country, one of the most singular varieties with which history is familiar. I do not now refer to the Albino peculiarity, distinguished so obviously for skins of dazzling whiteness, and for hair which is nearly colourless, as well as for eyes which are quite red-all which phenomena, by the bye, are found in individuals of perhaps every tribe under heaven: I do not refer, except thus casually, to this peculiarity; but rather to one which arose in the county of Suffolk rather more than a century ago. I copy the account of it from the Philosophical Transactions for the year 1731 :— "A boy was brought from the neighbourhood of Euston Hall,

at the conclusion of an examination into the peculiarities of several tribes, "So then the peculiar construction of head, on the faith of which some would class these people as a distinct species, is by no means a constant character.'

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Let this suffice to show, that after all that has been said of the absolute certainty of a separate origin for the several tribes of mankind, because they differ in some given peculiarity —that, after all, such peculiarity is not, in any one ascertained case, sufficiently exclusive or essential to sustain the argument that has been drawn. If indeed the tribe which inhabited one latitude never, in any one of its individuals, partook of the characteristics of a tribe which inhabits another latitude, then we might be pressed to grant a distinct original to each; but it is not so. What is common in one case may be uncommon in another. What the generality of white men may present, but a few among the coloured races may present. But inasmuch as the few do present it, it cannot be so specifically characteristic of the many as to constitute them a distinct race.

The varieties among men, however, are not so numerous, and certainly not more remarkable than those which exist among the lower animals. We see those differences in great abundance. We see them perpetuated and even extended, and yet we know that the individuals thus differing are of the same descent. "All the fowls in Guinea, and the dogs also, are as black as the inhabitants. The ox of the Roman campagna is invariably grey. In Corsica, horses, dogs, and other animals become beautifully spotted." If sheep are transported to the West Indies they lose their wool, and become covered with hair. Removed to some parts of the African coast, sheep undergo such a change that a stranger is unable, unless they bleat, to recognise them as sheep. In short, almost all animals which have been removed from one place to another, and have become subjected to the influence of other climates and other food, have undergone the most extraordinary changes;

and yet they are well known as having sprung from a stock which has not changed at all. Dr. Wiseman's work has supplied me with these facts.

Another work fraught with general information on such matters is a book by Lieut.-Colonel Smith, on dogs; and what do we learn there? Why, that the hoarse wolf-dog, prowling along the prairie, boldly claims pedigree with the Ducal spaniel-the real dog aristocratic, dozing, with becoming dignity, on his lady's knee; and that the ferocious bloodhound in Florida, employed by recreant Americans to hunt down the Aborigines to their destruction, boasts precisely the same original as the canine philanthropist of Mont St. Bernard, employed in right laudable benevolence to rescue travellers from untimely death. However differing—in their size, their conformation, and their dispositions-they are demonstrably but one race.

Why then, because men differ in some respects,--why pronounce them to be of different race? The analogy is clearly against such a judgment. The antecedent probability is that, though made of one blood at first, mankind would not remain, under all circumstances of climate and domestic economy, apparently and invariably the same.

It is a matter of unquestionable fact, that there has actually arisen, in our own country, one of the most singular varieties with which history is familiar. I do not now refer to the Albino peculiarity, distinguished so obviously for skins of dazzling whiteness, and for hair which is nearly colourless, as well as for eyes which are quite red-all which phenomena, by the bye, are found in individuals of perhaps every tribe under heaven: I do not refer, except thus casually, to this peculiarity; but rather to one which arose in the county of Suffolk rather more than a century ago. I copy the account of it from the Philosophical Transactions for the year 1731 :— "A boy was brought from the neighbourhood of Euston Hall,

in Suffolk, whose skin seemed like a dusky-coloured thick case, made of bark or hide, with bristles in some places; which case covered all his body, except his face, the palms of his hands, and the soles of his feet. It did not bleed when cut or scarified, being callous and insensible. It was said that he shed it once every year, about Autumn, at which time it usually grows to the thickness of three-quarters of an inch, and then is thrust off by a new skin, which is coming up underneath." In a subsequent paper of the same Transactions there is a communication concerning the same person, whose name was Lambert, from Mr. Baker, who says :- "When I saw the man, last September, the covering, which seemed to me most nearly to resemble an innumerable company of warts, of a dark brown colour, and growing as nearly as possible to one another—this covering was shedding off in several places, which he told me happened annually, in the Autumn or in the Winter. He has had the small-pox, and has twice been salivated to get rid of this disagreeable covering. During these disorders the covering came off, and his skin appeared white and smooth, but, on his recovery, became as it was before. But," continues Mr. Baker, "the most extraordinary circumstance is, that this man has had six children, all with the same rugged covering as himself. living, whom I saw with the father. past all doubt, that a race of people may be propagated by this man, having coverings of skins like himself; and if so, and the accidental origin be forgotten, it is not improbable that they would be represented as a different species of mankind." From a statement published by Blumenbach, it seems that a third generation of this porcupine family, as they were announced to the public in an exhibition, are in existence. Two grandsons of the original porcupine man were exhibited for filthy lucre some years ago in Germany, having the cutaneous incrustation already described.

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It appears, therefore,

Without adducing at length instances in confirmation-such, for example, as will be found alluded to in the last Edinburgh Review, where the Arab in a generation or two has approached nearly to the Negro, and the Negro to the Egyptian, and the Egyptian to the Circassian, and the Hindoo to the European, and the mild shepherd to the wildest savage-let these suffice to show you how, even among our own countrymen, varieties may be originated and perpetuated, when we know that the parentage, at a remove or two at the furthest, is one and the self-same.

The reviewer already quoted makes some startling disclosures about Ireland. Alas, for Ireland ! No matter who makes disclosures about Ireland, they are all startling. Would to God they once startled Christian men to the occupation of the right position, even the footstool of Eternal Mercy, for wisdom to direct, and then to the discharge, at all hazards, for Ireland's welfare, of "whatsoever things are just." What should be done for Ireland it is not my province even to intimate; but one thing which should certainly not be done, I may intimate without apology or reserve, there should be no endowment of the Roman Catholic priesthood. That let no man dare to

reckon either among the "whatsoever things are just" or the "whatsoever things are true."

Now hear what is told us about Ireland. In Leitrim, and Sligo, and Mayo, there are found descendants of native Irish who settled there about two centuries ago. The settlers were well-grown, comely, and able-bodied; but their descendants are now reduced to an average stature of five feet with open projecting mouths, prominent teeth, and exposed gums, their advancing cheek-bones and depressed noses bearing barbarism on their very front. It is marvellous indeed how close is the physical resemblance between the lowest classes of our Irish brethren and the natives of Australia. And all this approximation, observe-of the comely towards the barbarous, and of

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