more pressed there in consequence of the pressure of the Sun on it, the passage between the Earth and the Sun being most straightened on that side, also because the Earth's motion in moving forward is against the resisting power, by which means the resistance must be greater, whereas on the opposite side, the Earth moves round in the same direction with the air; and as that part of the Earth at 12 N.. is nearest the Sun, the strongest Wind must be there. As that part of the Earth at 6 P. M. is most advanced in the orbit, that must be the exact place where the resistance first takes place, but there it cannot be of much strength, because the expansion of the atmospheric air is very little interrupted, but in proportion as these parts of the Earth are opposed to the Sun, the power will be increased accordingly as the protuberances present themselves to each other unto 12 N. where the universal fluid must be most contracted. It is by the Earth's passing through this connecting fluid, that the atmospheric air is prevented from keeping the same rapidity with the more solid parts of the Earth, and it is this retardation that produces the apparent movement of the Trade Winds, to which must be added the additional power occasioned by the Sun, and that also of the Earth's diurnal motion, whereby that part facing the Sun has the most motion in going forward; this will be well understood by observing the motion of a wheel of a carriage, when it will be seen that the upper, part of the wheel has the greatest motion; the power of the Sun does not act beyond 9 A. M. because by the tapering of the globe, the universal fluid becomes there more expanded to 6 A. M. and that part is also shielded from the resistance of the universal fluid, acting on the atmospheric air, in the Earth's annual course, by the more prominent parts of the globe on that side under the Sun: consider the quotation from Dampier, p. 92. On the other.

hemisphere, the air is carried further to 5 A. M. being the Earth's diurnal motion, which moves on in the same direction, with the power of the universal fluid on that side.

In developing the Laws which govern the Winds without the Tropics, I feel great satisfaction, because every day's experience will demonstrate its truth.

Agreeably to Sir Isaac Newton's First Law of Motion, the Winds with all their variations, must be governed by certain and unerring laws; equally without the Tropics as the Trade Winds are within. By my endeavours to find out these laws, it appears demonstrable, by several years experience, that the Winds without the Tropics, are under the immediate government of the Moon, and are also effected by impulse.

The movement of the Moon in space round the Earth, one half of its periodical revolution, is at a daily average, nearly from the west south-west, and the other half of its revolution, is from the west north-west; crossing the equator twice, and declining on each side of it, as the Moon advances eastward, more than twenty-five degrees, by which means, if the Earth did not turn on its axis, it would describe a curve line on the surface of the Earth, on each side of the equator, forming on the whole an epicycloid, (plate 5) every periodical revolution; which lines intersect the lines of the preceding revolution; but during this time, the Earth has successively changed its aspect to the Moon twentyseven times and about one-third, which produces a compound figure; it is by the action of these motions of the Moon on the Earth, that our atmosphere is impelled forward; and if there were no obstructions to divert the currents, we should have the Winds without the Tropics constantly according to those changes; one half of the Earth's diurnal motion one way, and the contrary way the other half of the day; according to the action of the

Moon in its path, occasioned by the Earth's diurnal motion. But the diversity of the Winds are occasioned by the various continents, icebergs, islands, and mountains, and the vallies on those lands, which are so many channels to conduct the Winds in different directions, according to their trending. Constant changes also take place in consequence of the Moon's deviation in the declination, whereby. the Moon's path is more or less in an easterly direction.

When the impulse of the Moon is on the solid parts of the Earth, the Wind is stronger than when it is on the fluid parts.

The principal changes take place in our hemisphere after the Moon has changed its direction from its highest latitude, being generally about thirty-six hours after going from its highest northern declination towards the south, and about forty-eight hours after having changed its direction from the highest southern latitude coming northward; at times it is much longer before the changes take place, and sometimes sooner; when this power is crossed by the Trade Winds, the currents are interrupted; when the advance is from the equator towards either pole, alterations are caused thereby, and the nearer they approach to the highest latitudes on either side, the more evident the power, every thing else being equal; but much depends on circumstances: thus, when the direct power (or Wind) occasioned by the presence of the Moon is met with by the indirect power (or Wind) which the Moon has propelled round the polar circle from the opposite hemisphere, and are of equal strength, a calm must be the consequence, that is to say, if they come in contact immediately opposite; but if either preponderates, it generally produces squalls, and sometimes tremendous storms; these cases are more confirmed in northern latitudes when the Moon is on this side the line; consequently, the equinoctial gales in the

northern hemisphere prevail when the Moon is going northward, and is north of the equator; and south of the equator, they have the gales in the like manner with the Moon going southward.

It will be found that when the Moon is going from the north towards the south, the Wind will generally be to the north of the east or west, and ⚫ when going from the south towards the north, that the Wind will then generally be to the east or west of the south; hence it is apparent why the Trade Winds are steady one way, and most regular, because being governed in part by the Earth's motion through space always the same way: and is also propelled by the Earth's diurnal motion acting against the Sun, which is also always the same way, whose motion within the Tropics changes but twice in three hundred and sixty-five days, its declination becomes scarcely perceptible from day to day; (yet the collateral changes are known,) therefore these Winds cannot deviate much; but the Winds without the Tropics being under the dominion of the Moon, whose motions are constantly changing every twenty-seven and one-third of days, from the north to the south, and from the south to the north, propels the Winds in every direction, which is guided by all the inequalities which the surface of the Earth presents; and those variations are most evident when these Winds cross the Earth within the polar circles, by being within the influence of Icebergs, besides the usual interruptions.

As the local situation where these observations have been made is very unfavourable for accuracy and domestic concerns preventing choice, I hope that allowance will be made, and therefore shall not particularize the more minute observations that I have made, which is the more unnecessary, because any one can with this clue make his own, whereby the fact will be ascertained, which must prove decisive [E].

Explanation of Plate 5, which is intended to shew the Moon's Path on the Face of the Globe, through One Period, to elucidate the Doctrine of the Laws of the Winds, whereby they are governed without the Tropics.

PRE

RECISION and fractions being unnecessary in this case, they are not attended to. The motions are taken from the Nautical Almanack for 1824, including the Autumnal Equinox.

Sept. 8th, at our noon, the Moon is vertical at about 174 deg. east of the meridian of Greenwich, which is at the commencement of the line, describing the Moon's motion on the face of the globe; which is near the southermost islands of Lord Mulgrave's Range in the Pacific ocean.-By the 9th, at noon, the Moon having moved in the twenty-four hours 10-52 to the east, and 4-57 in latitude, being then in its ascending node, it is vertical to 1 on the diagram; this movement is nearly in the direction of W. N. W. Every succeeding twenty-four hours the Moon's motion continues increasing progressively its easterly direction by moving further each succeeding day that way, and the distance in declination decreases accordingly until it has arrived to between 7 and 8, when it is at its highest northern declination, and then it takes a southerly direction; the longitudinal motion now begins to decrease in the same manner that it increased in moving northward, and the motion in latitude increases in the same progression that it decreased, until it crosses the equator; when the motions south of the line will be answerable to those just described on the northern hemisphere.

It is by this motion of the Moon that the atmospheric air is impelled forward in the direction which. is immediately before it; altering from it as the