power diverges, by means of the pressure of the Moon on the universal fluid, [F] which being impelled, moves the atmosphere forward, and is that which causes the Winds without the Tropics. And although the Earth moves in its diurnal motion nearly in the direction of this power, yet as the Moon deviates from it in declination, we experience the full benefit thereby.

It may be presumed, that the power of this motion of the Moon to be greatest at the distance from the vertical point of the Moon on the Earth, between forty and fifty degrees distant in the direction of the Moon's path, which in this case between the 8th and 9th of September, the power will be somewhere to the south-east of the Sandwich islands, but as this part is within the Tropics, it may meet with some resistance from the Trade Winds, and the power may not be sensibly felt till near the coast of California. This power of the Moon may reach so far as the Moon is visible and beyond, acting on the air by impulse the same as it does on the Tide.

In seventeen hours, the Earth's diurnal motion added to the Moon's path, has brought it to be vertical between two and three degrees north of the equator, near the western coast of Terra Firma, in South America. In this case the Moon's power may be supposed to take place between thirty and forty of west longitude, just without the Tropic of Cancer, which being in the Atlantic ocean clear of land, high Tides must naturally be the result, the whole length of the coast exposed to this Wind, it being but two Tides from the head of the spring, and when this Wind reaches the western coasts of Africa and Europe, it will divert the Wind towards the north according to the trending of the land, so that by the time that it has reached the chops of the channel, it may be expected to blow a confirmed south-west Wind.

And as the Sun is now nearing the line, we are to expect the equinoctial gales about this time in

the northern latitudes from 50 to 60, which will continue to increase in power within these parallels, until the thirteenth day of the month, when the Moon being beyond 20 north, the power will reach the higher latitudes; but at this time it will be evident that the Wind will be stronger at 60 than at 50, inasmuch as it is nearer to the full power; and as the Moon is now advancing with its propelling power so near to the polar circle, we are to expect a counter Wind, when the Moon becomes vertical to the kingdom of Ava the power will then be over the Japan Islands, and extending in the same direction across the Northern Pacific ocean, will direct the Wind towards the polar circle, which will cause it to be to the north of the west; on its reaching the north-west part of Europe, and by the universal fluid closing round the pole, it brings the Wind to a narrower channel, whereby the Winds are rendered most forcible at the poles.

This

supposition does not admit of any interruptions, but as localities will cause changes accordingly, so the disposition of the Winds must be answerable to them.

And as the Wind is acted on this side of the equator, so when the Moon souths, the same must be the case to the south of the line; hence it is evident that the strongest Wind will prevail on each side of the equator, at such times that the Moon is coincident with it, and in its highest latitudes. When advancing in its ascending node the gales will be in the northern hemisphere, and when in its descending node the gales will be in the southern hemisphere; when the Moon is in the highest latitude, it frequently causes very high Winds in the contrary hemisphere, by driving the Wind in an indirect way. By this foreknowledge of the time of the equinoctial gales, navigation must derive great benefit independent of the general information of the Winds contained herein.

There is another motion on which I suppose these

Winds depend, not yet noticed, which affect most particularly those from the east. It is what is caused by the re-action of the Moon on such parts, of the Earth as are without the Tropics, when the Moon is in its greatest declination, most especially when this force is on the land. This re-action is described in the account of the Tides. As the Moon is but a few degrees in every period beyond the Tropics, it must be evident that the easterly Winds cannot prevail long by this motion, and accordingly the westerly Winds are more prevalent. What is said of this last motion is entirely hypothetical, not having had any opportunity to make observations on it.

From the time that the Moon is advancing towards either pole, and on its return towards the equator, it is generally the case that the Wind changes three times within five or six days, and sometimes within three days, which is occasioned in consequence of the following circumstances: When the Moon advances towards its highest latitude, the power propelling the Wind will thereby be drove beyond the polar circle, (crossing it) so that when the Moon's power is twelve hours from us, it causes the Wind to come to us from the northward, or some collateral point that way, which is contrary to the direction it had previously; it will be understood that this Wind cannot be immediate, as it must have time to come round, which may be from twenty-four to thirty hours more or less, according to circumstances. If this power is sufficiently great, that direction of the Wind will stand two or three days, notwithstanding that the direct power of the Moon is contrary to it, going at this time northward, and this power has sometimes (though very rarely) been of such force as to hold to the Moon's changing its course altogether. The second change takes place when the Moon is above our horizon, it causes a counter current if the former change is not too

strong for it; and the third change takes place by the Moon's propelling power in its advancing again towards the equator.

It sometimes happens that the Wind changes alternately twice every twenty-four hours, for several days, when every thing is favourable for it, and this seems to be the most natural bent of the Wind, and which it would constantly most likely have, if there were no obstructions to make it deviate, either by localities of hills and vallies, or the difference occasioned by the power acting on the fluid or solid parts of the Earth.

Upon the whole it will be found that the Wind gathers strength when the Moon is moving from the equator towards either pole; and one, two, or three days after it has been at its highest latitude on its return towards the equator, answerable to circumstances; but when the Wind is confirmed in the direction which the Moon takes on its return after it has been at its highest latitude, there will not prevail any strong Winds for several days, until the Moon approaches again to the equator, when the like circumstances take place on the other hemisphere.

The Wind must always be strongest in high latitudes, because the space through which it passes is more contracted, by its not being rarefied so much as it is nearer the equator, and therefore by being propelled in equal time through a narrow compass, and also by its superior density it becomes not only more powerful, but also proportionately heavier.

"Our former experience has, indeed, taught us "to expect that some irregularity would be pro"duced by the influence of the Winds, which here, "in a degree unknown in any but the icy seas, tend immediately to produce a superficial current in "the water."-See p. 86.

REMARKS ON THE TIDES AND THE WINDS.

THE HE connection between the Tides and the Winds can now be easily understood, they being evidently acted on by the same powers: that of the Sun and the Moon: but as the Sun does not move so far in declination as the Moon, and as the declination of the Sun is north and south but twice a year, whilst that of the Moon is north and south twice every periodical month, being nearly twentyseven times in a year, therefore the Moon's power on the Wind is so much more in proportion as its motion is so much farther and faster than that of the Sun; and in respect to the Tides the Moon's power is the more evident, in consequence of the evaporations carried on wherever the appearance of the Sun is; independent of the same cases as those attending the Winds, operating in the like manner on the Tides; this connection can be farther exemplified by experience, which will place this doctrine in the clearest point of view, and therefore the following circumstances are related as they occurred, which if they are not conclusive, will more plainly develope the means to every enquirer into the truth of this matter, for making his own observations.

To the Editor of the Exeter Flying Post.Sir, By observations made in searching to find the laws which govern the Winds, I am enabled to say, with some certainty, that the Wind will accompany the Tides, in the same direction with the Flood, the whole length of the coast from the Lands-end all the way up the British channel; and the same will be on the Welsh and Irish coasts, which are exposed to the south and west, between which points, the Wind will certainly prevail in the Atlantic, at the approaching Autumnal Equinox,