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Charles James Fox, including a narrative of his Tour in Flanders, Holland and France, in company with the Author in 1802; and a circumstantial account of his last illness; with many of his original letters on literary and other subjects; by John Bernard Trotter, esq. late private Secretary to Mr. Fox, 14s. bds. 143 MONTHLY RETROSPECT OF POLITICS. * How long, deluding phantom, wilt thou blind, Mislead, debase, unhumanize mankind? Bid the bold youth, his headlong sword who draws, Heed not the object, nor inquire the cause; Mow down his men, with stupid pride expire, Shed from his closing eyes the finish'd flame, And ask for all his crimes, a deathless name? And when shall solid glory, pure and bright, In just proportion to the good they do, In one short blast, thy momentary fame, bleeds." Barlow's Columbiad. dislike to principles of freedom, and a suspicion against every thing which bore a resemblance to liberty. These men, who Proteus-like, could change appearances, talked loudly of Spanish freedom and Spanish patriotism while the accents were only on their tongues, but the slavish submission to power The real possessed their hearts. friends to liberty, seeing who the men were, who usurped the name, stood aloof: the succeeding events have justified their fears, and the applauders at home, and the Spaniards abroad, have manifested that liberty was more with them a theme for declamation than a vital principle, actuating their conduct, and producing the corresponding effects of a virtuous opposition to arbitrary rule. The friends of true patriotism and genuine liberty are consistent and equally abhorrent of des potism under every shape. They do not merely confine their indignation to the encroachments of Na WAR with destruction and deso-poleon on sovereign powers, and can lation in the van, and bankruptcy following close in the rere, still continues the unavailing strug gle in the Peninsula. If we look back to the commencement of the struggle, which began about three years ago, there appears little room to congratulate ourselves on the con test. A system of delusion varying according to the alternation of the rapid succession of events has cha racterized the period. Spanish pa triotism was loudly applauded by men who, by every means of cunning or force, had laboured with too much success to eradicate every sentinient that could deserve the name of patriotic from among ourselves, and substituted an indifference and not approve of a violation of the independence of nations, either by an attack on Copenhagen, or by affecting neutral commerce by hostile orders in council. Such was the beginning of the Spanish and Portugueze contest, and delusions have consistently continued, through the progress, to the approaching termination of the scene. The last month has produced some transactions, which might place matters in a proper point of view, if the spirit of delusion, shifting its ground, did not still keep hold of the public mind. Tarragona is fallen. Cadiz is in danger fully as much from the disaffection of many within the walls, as from the force of the be siegers. Ferdinand. The revolutionary party discard, and disavow the name of Spaniards, and proclaim themselves to be Americans. The begin ning of what is likely to turn out a mighty revolution, affecting in a very considerable degree the happiness of mankind, and probably altering most materially, the relative situations of the older civilized countries of Europe, is not watched with much attention by our po General Blake has parted from Lord Wellington in consequence of a quarrel between them, and there are some doubts that the laurels of Lord Wellington may yet be tarnished by defeat, although to procure for him a character for heroism appears to have been one cause with ministry to continue the war. The hopes of ultimate success in the Peninsula to some, never appeared flattering, but feeble as ra tional hopes were, they are month-liticians, but in North America from ly, if not daily becoming still more faint. Sicily long defended by a British force, does not appear to esti mate the favour very highly, but shows herself well inclined to harrass the trade of her ally, and in point of commerce at least to treat the British as interlopers. Perhaps if the truth were known, their political views do not more nearly approximate. Whatever may be the event of the contest in Old Spain, the country once called Spanish America, bids fair to become independent of the mother country, whether that unhappy country fail under the domination of France, or receive the protection of Britain. East Flori. da is likely to follow the fate of West Florida, and to become an integral part of the United States of North America. Mexico, the Caraccas, and the adjacent country under the direction of Miranda, their countryman, have advanced in the work of independence, and farther south, the contest is commenced, although the progress does not appear so great. Chili and Paraguay are agitated, and a species of civil war is begun hetween the rival and contiguous cities of Buenos Ayres, and Monte Video; the for mer on a revolutionary scheme, and the latter adhering to the mother country, and the magic or shadow of contiguity of situation, and congeniality of views, these passing events excite much interest. Our relations with the United States of North America are not like. ly to be speedily or amicably adjust ed. The British minister has arrived in America, but it is said that in the very outset of the negociation some preliminary circumstance bas occurred, which required him to solicit fresh instructions from home. Recent accounts from America, state that both countries are indebted to the Prince Regent for suspending the issuing letters of marque, and commencing the war until the result of negociation was first fairly tried. For a considerable time America and Britain have had a smothered hostility, and the contest between the Little Belt and the President, is only a renewal of the old affair of British aggression on the Chesapeak Frigate. The grounds of the quarrel are not recent, but have been laid long ago, in orders in council, impressmen's, and violations of neutral rights on one part, and in embargoes, non-importations, and non-intercourse on the other. The Americans complain also, with jus tice, of the encroachments and domineering conduct of France, and have a diflicult part to act between two mighty countries hostile to each other, but neither of them friendly to Americans, who, if they join with one, give room for complaint from the other, and if they keep to strict neutrality, both will Encroach on neutral rights. So fares a weak country between two powerful rivals, at a period when the law of nations is disregarded, and on all sides according to the new code, the law of the strongest governs, and might overcomes right. If the flames of war should extend to America, the friends to man and to happiness, will deplore the madness of nations, and their disregard to their truest interests. May the predictions of Barlow, the poct of America, looking with fond hopes towards the rising glories of his beloved country, rather be realized, and one portion of the world, at least be exempted from the ravages of arms, and the attendant miseries. "Far different honours here the heart shall claim, Sublimer objects, deeds of happier fame; A new creation waits the western shore, And moral triumphs o'er monarchic pow'r. Thy free-born sons, with genius unconfin'd, Nor sloth can slacken, nor a tyrant bind; With self-wrought fame, and worth internal blest, No venal star shall brighten on their breast, No king-created name, nor courtly art, Damp the bold thought, or desiccate the heart. Above all fraud, beyond all titles great, Truth in their voice and sceptres at their feet, Like sires of unborn states they move sublime, Look empires through, and span the breadth of time; Hold o'er the world, that men may choose from far, The palm of peace, or scourge of bar barous war; Till their example every nation charms, Commands its friendship, and its rage dis arms. Here social man a second birth shall find, His life shall temper, and his laws inspire, Purge from all shades the world embra cing scope That prompts his genius, and expands his hope." We refer our readers to the documents for strong resolutions in favour of parliamentary reform, by the counties of Cornwall and Essex, and the town of Reading. The slumbering spirit of Great Britain and Ireland is not yet aroused to use exertions of a strong and united pull, to promote a reform so greatly needed. Apathy characterizes the public mind, and paralizes the spirit of the country. ARCHIBALD HAMILTON ROWAN, in a short address to his tenants, has briefly explained the cause of the depreciation of bank-notes, and showed the inconveniences to which landlords will be subjected in the progress of the depreciation.* He has likewise pointed out the true remedy in a parliamentary reform. His short communication, given among the documents, is deserving of attention. Among the documents will also be found the addresses of the Synod of Ulster, alluded to in the last retrospect. We then noticed the ill-adapted adulation paid to the Duke of Richmond, for his 66 temperate" conduct in Ireland,† and reprobated the offering of incense, by religious bodies, at the shrine of power, or their stooping to attempt to confer praise which was not earned. In the freedom of our remarks, we certainly did not design to act disrespectfully towards the dissenting body, but to exercise the legitimate functions of a free press, in arraigning before the tribunal of the public, those acts which we consider as derogatory to the public good, or inconsistent with the high-minded independence, which constitutes the best defence and glory of a nation. This spirit is now little exerted, the press too generally falls in with the slumbering patriotism, or rather apathy of the day. Be it our boast, and strenuous persevering endeavour, to raise our voice in the attempt to arouse to a sense of what is befitting freemen, the advocates of genuine liberty. Never is the press more honourably or beneficially exercised, than in struggles, firm but temperate, to give a turn to the public mind, in favour of a virtuous feeling of independence. Great good might have been effected, by the guardians of the press, if they had honestly discharged their duty, and while they kept clear of violence, had pursued a steady course, and cautiously avoided "With mean complacence to betray their ly weighed judgment of their peers. Public opinion, purified by a liberty to exercise free discussion, would regain its omnipotence, and culprits "safe from the bar, the pulpit and the throne," would learn to fear public censure, clearly expressed through the medium of a free and enlightened press. Under such circumstan ces, licentiousness, the affected bugbear of the present day, need not be feared. Every one should be heard in his own defence, and the final judgment not awarded, until ample investigation, both in favour of the accusation, and in defence of the accused, had taken place. On the 30th ult. and during the prorogation of parliament, a procla mation was issued by the Lord Lieatenant and council, in virtue of which, the Catholic committee is declared an unlawful assembly, violating the provisions of the statute called the convention act, and endangering, thereby, the peace and tranquillity of the state, under pretence of preparing or presenting public petitions or other addresses to his Majesty or the parliament. Thirteen names appear to the proclamation, but it is said that several privy counsellors refused to sign thisinstrument of executive power. The magistracy throughout the country have expressed an unwil lingness to enforce it, particularly in Tipperary, and a Protestant magistrate of three counties has publicly asserted, that he would receive the information of any person who shal complain on oath of receiving any violation from any magistrate or peace-officer acting under this proclamation, while such person has been concerned only in forwarding his petition to parliament, in which in terpretation of the convention act he says he is confirmed by the opi nion of eminent lawyers. These lawyers are understood t construe the penal statute, strictly |